1. new,delete的局部重载:
#include <iostream>
using namespace std; int objs = ; class myclass
{
public:
myclass()
{
//objs++;
cout << "create" << endl;
}
~myclass()
{
//objs--;
cout << "delete" << endl;
}
//operator重载,针对new重新作出一种解释,只针对当前类
static void * operator new(size_t size)
{
objs++;
cout << "new-call" << endl;
myclass *p = ::new myclass; //全局new
return p;
}
static void operator delete(void *p)
{
objs--;
cout << "delete-call" << endl;
::delete p;
}
};
//功能1:无法在堆上被创建的类
void main()
{
myclass *p1 = new myclass;
myclass *p2 = new myclass;
myclass *p3 = new myclass;
delete p1; int *p = new int(); //此时new重载对于这一句无效 cout << objs << endl; cin.get();
}
#include <iostream>
using namespace std; int objs = ;
void *g_p = nullptr; class myclass
{
public:
myclass()
{
//objs++;
cout << "create" << endl;
}
~myclass()
{
//objs--;
cout << "delete" << endl;
} //operator重载,针对new重新作出一种解释,只针对当前类
static void * operator new(size_t size)
{
if (g_p==nullptr)
{
objs++;
cout << "new-call" << endl;
myclass *p = ::new myclass; //全局new
g_p = p; //单例,堆上创建对象只有一个
return p;
}
else
{
return g_p;
}
} static void operator delete(void *p)
{
if (g_p!=nullptr)
{
objs--;
cout << "delete-call" << endl;
::delete p;
g_p = nullptr;
}
}
};
//功能1:无法在堆上被创建的类
//功能2:实现统计分配内存,释放内存的次数
//实现单例设计模式,实现避免反复delete出错
//new delete在内部,只针对当前类,int double 无影响
void main()
{
myclass *p1 = new myclass;
myclass *p2 = new myclass; delete p1;
delete p1; //规避了两次delete的错误 cin.get();
}
2. 全局new,delete重载:
#include <iostream>
using namespace std; //全局内存管理,统计释放内存,分配内存
//new new [] delete delete []
//分配内存优先于构造
//析构优先于释放内存
void * operator new(size_t size)
{
cout << "g_new call" << endl;
void *p = malloc(size); //全局的new,只能使用malloc
return p;
}
void * operator new [](size_t size)
{
cout << "g_new [] call" << endl;
cout << size << endl;
return operator new(size); //每个元素调用一次new
} void operator delete(void *p)
{
cout << "g_delete call" << endl;
free(p);
}
void operator delete [](void *p)
{
cout << "g_delete [] call" << endl;
free(p);
} class myclass
{
public:
myclass()
{
cout << "create call" << endl;
}
~myclass()
{
cout << "delete call" << endl;
}
}; void main()
{
int *p1 = new int();
delete p1; myclass *p2 = new myclass;
delete p2; myclass *px = new myclass[];
delete[]px; cin.get();
}
3. 绑定类成员函数:
#include <iostream>
#include <functional> using namespace std;
using namespace std::placeholders;//站位 struct MyStruct
{
void add1(int a)
{
cout << a << endl;
}
void add2(int a, int b)
{
cout << a << b << endl;
}
void add3(int a, int b, int c)
{
cout << a << b << c << endl;
}
}; void main()
{
MyStruct my1;
//my1.add(10); //绑定包装器,包装类成员函数,用于使用
auto fun1 = bind(&MyStruct::add1, &my1, _1);//有1个参数 函数名、对象地址、参数
fun1(); auto fun2 = bind(&MyStruct::add2, &my1, _1,_2);//有2个参数
fun2(,); auto fun3 = bind(&MyStruct::add3, &my1, _1,_2,_3);//有3个参数
fun3(,,); cin.get();
}
4. 绑定lambda表达式以及仿函数:
#include <iostream>
#include <functional> using namespace std;
using namespace std::placeholders; int add(int a, int b,int c)
{
return a + b+c;
} struct MyStruct
{
int operator()(int a,int b) //仿函数
{
return a + b;
}
}; void main()
{
auto fun1 = bind(add, ,, _1);//适配器模式
cout << fun1() << endl; // auto fun2 = bind([](int a, int b)->int {return a + b; }, , _1);
cout << fun2() << endl; // MyStruct my1;
cout << my1(, ) << endl; //
auto fun3 = bind(my1, , _1); //绑定
cout << fun3() << endl; // cin.get();
}
5. 静态断言:
#include <iostream>
#include <cassert>
using namespace std; int divv(int a, int b)
{
assert(b != ); //断言
return a / b;
} void main()
{
cout << divv(, ) << endl; cin.get();
}
#include <iostream>
#include <cassert>
using namespace std; static_assert(sizeof(void *) >= , "environment is not 64!"); void main()
{ cin.get();
}
6. 内联函数:
#include <iostream>
#include <cstdlib>
using namespace std; #define f(x) x*x*x //C语言内联,C++要求类型严格匹配 inline int get(int x) //C++的内联函数
{
return x*x*x;
}
//提高程序运行速度 //inline 只是对于编译器的建议
//一般情况下,我们对内联函数做如下的限制:
//(1)不能有递归;
//(2)不能包含静态数据;
//(3)不能包含循环;
//(4)不能包含switch和goto语句;
//(5)不能包含数组。
//若一个内联函数定义不满足以上限制,则编译系统把它当做普通函数对待 template<class T>
inline T go(T t)
{
return t*t;
} void main()
{
get(); go(); //优化为内联函数 auto fun = []() {}; //lambda表达式实际上也是内联函数 cin.get();
}
7. CPP处理转义字符:
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <cstdlib> using namespace std; void main()
{
//string str("\"C:\\Program Files (x86)\\Google\\Chrome\\Application\\chrome.exe\"");
string str(R"("C:\Program Files (x86)\Google\Chrome\Application\chrome.exe")"); // R"(......)" system(str.c_str()); cin.get();
}