
std::bind1st 和 std::bind2nd将二元函数转换为一元函数,具体用法参加下面的代码。
代码介绍了两种使用方式,第一种是使用std::less和std::greater,第二种是使用自定义的仿函数。
#include <iostream>
#include <vector>
#include <string>
#include <iterator>
#include <algorithm>
#include <functional> /**
* std::bind1st std::bind2nd 就是将一个二元函数的一个参数设置为定值,这样二元函数就转换为了一元函数
* 因为有些算法的参数要求必须是一元函数,但是我们又想用二元函数,那么就可以使用这两个函数
*/
/**
*@brief std::less 仿函数的内部实现
template <class T> struct less : binary_function <T,T,bool> {
bool operator() (const T& x, const T& y) const {return x<y;}
};
*/ struct person{
int age;
std::string name;
}; struct person_filter_func: public std::binary_function<person,std::string,bool>
{
bool operator()(const person& p,const std::string& key) const{
return (p.name.find(key) != std::string::npos);
}
}; void disp(int val){ std::cout<<val<<std::endl; }
void disp_v(const person& p){ std::cout<<p.age<<","<<p.name<<std::endl; } int main()
{
//使用 std::less 仿函数
int arr[] = {,,,,,,,,};
std::vector<int> vec;
std::copy_if(std::begin(arr),std::end(arr),std::back_inserter(vec),std::bind1st(std::less<int>(),)); //将6 绑定为第一个参数,即 6 < value
std::for_each(vec.begin(),vec.end(),disp); // 7 8 9 vec.clear();
std::copy_if(std::begin(arr),std::end(arr),std::back_inserter(vec),std::bind2nd(std::less<int>(),)); //将6 绑定为第二个参数,即 value < 6
std::for_each(vec.begin(),vec.end(),disp); //1 2 3 4 5 //使用自定义的仿函数
std::vector<person> vecP;
person p1 = {,"jack"}; vecP.push_back(p1);
person p2 = {,"rose"}; vecP.push_back(p2);
person p3 = {,"jane"}; vecP.push_back(p3); std::vector<person> vecRet;
std::copy_if(vecP.begin(),vecP.end(),std::back_inserter(vecRet),std::bind2nd(person_filter_func(),"ja")); //将包含关键字"ja"的person,复制到vecRet容器中
std::for_each(vecRet.begin(),vecRet.end(),disp_v);//1, jack 3, jane
}
copy_if:
template <class InputIterator, class OutputIterator, class UnaryPredicate>
OutputIterator copy_if (InputIterator first, InputIterator last,
OutputIterator result, UnaryPredicate pred)
{
while (first!=last) {
if (pred(*first)) {
*result = *first;
++result;
}
++first;
}
return result;
}
std::bind1st
template <class Operation, class T>
binder1st<Operation> bind1st (const Operation& op, const T& x)
{
return binder1st<Operation>(op, typename Operation::first_argument_type(x));
}
std::binder1st
template <class Operation> class binder1st
: public unary_function <typename Operation::second_argument_type,
typename Operation::result_type>
{
protected:
Operation op;
typename Operation::first_argument_type value;
public:
binder1st ( const Operation& x,
const typename Operation::first_argument_type& y) : op (x), value(y) {}
typename Operation::result_type
operator() (const typename Operation::second_argument_type& x) const
{ return op(value,x); }
};
std::remove_if
template <class ForwardIterator, class UnaryPredicate>
ForwardIterator remove_if (ForwardIterator first, ForwardIterator last,
UnaryPredicate pred)
{
ForwardIterator result = first;
while (first!=last) {
if (!pred(*first)) {
*result = std::move(*first);
++result;
}
++first;
}
return result;
}