有人可以为SQL查询申请版权吗?

I work for a school district. Every year we have to export a list of students from our student management system and send it to a company that handles our online exams.

我在一个学区工作。每年我们都要从我们的学生管理系统中导出一份学生名单，然后寄给负责我们在线考试的公司。

So to do this export, we had to hire someone who knew the inner workings of our student management system. He wrote an sql (Adaptive Sybase SQL Anywhere) query to export the students to a csv file like we needed. This was before I started working for the district, so for a while I assumed this was an actually application, until it came time for me to do the export myself.

所以为了做这个出口，我们不得不雇佣一个了解我们学生管理系统内部运作的人。他编写了一个sql (adaptivesysybase sql Anywhere)查询，以便像我们需要的那样将学生导出到csv文件中。这是在我开始为这个地区工作之前，所以有一段时间我假设这是一个实际的应用程序，直到我自己做出口的时候。

And every year he charges us $500 to update this query to export the students for the current year. So when I discovered it was only a query (.bat file and .sql file), my thought was "I can update this myself". All I have to do is change the years in the query (eg. 2009 to 2010).

每年他都要收取500美元的费用来更新这个查询，以供学生们在本年度出口。所以当我发现它只是一个查询(。bat文件和.sql文件)，我的想法是“我可以自己更新这个”。我所要做的就是改变查询中的年份。2009年至2010年)。

The query (.sql file) itself has this comment at the top:

查询(。(sql文件)在顶部有这样的注释:

// This code was writtend by [the guy]
// and is the property of [his company]...Copyright 2005,2006,2008,2009
// This code MAY NOT BE USED without the expressed written consent of 
// [his company].

(Yes, it really does says "writtend".)

(是的，上面确实写着“写下来”。)

So now my boss is worried that we're violating the copyright. And that the guy is gonna find out that I updated the query myself because we haven't asked him to update it this year and take legal action.

所以现在我的老板担心我们侵犯了版权。这个人会发现我自己更新了查询因为我们今年没有要求他更新它并采取法律行动。

So back to the subject's question: Can he really copyright this query? And if so, is modifying it ourselves a copyright violation? In my mind, a single query isn't program code. It's more a command line command. But I don't know what it's considered legally.

那么回到主题的问题:他真的能对这个查询进行版权保护吗?如果是这样，修改它本身是不是侵犯版权?在我看来，一个查询不是程序代码。它更像是命令行命令。但我不知道法律上是怎么规定的。

72 个解决方案

#1

If I were you, I would write a full description of what the query needs to do, including all the tables, fieldnames etc., and post that here. Someone here is bound to be able to write a new version of the query that is not copyright your developer, and you can edit it each year to your hearts content.

如果我是您，我将编写查询所需执行的完整描述，包括所有的表、字段名等，并将其发布在这里。这里的某个人肯定能够编写一个新版本的查询，而不是开发人员的版权，并且您可以每年编辑它到您的心脏内容。

#2

He charges $500 to change 2009 to 2010? Oh man what a rip.

2009年到2010年，他收取500美元的费用。哦，天哪，真是个大骗局。

This year pay him his $500 and tell him you want the query to take the school year as a parameter. See how he reacts to knowing this will be his last time working for you.

今年付给他500美元，并告诉他你希望查询以学年为参数。看看他是怎么反应的，知道这将是他最后一次为你工作。

#3

First, the standard disclaimer: I'm not an attorney, so don't take anything I say as legal advice.

首先，标准的免责声明:我不是律师，所以不要把我说的任何话当作法律建议。

What I'm saying below is about the law in the United States -- in other countries it is likely to vary, though thanks to the Berne Convention, copyright law is fairly uniform across many countries.

下面我要说的是关于美国的法律——在其他国家可能会有所不同，尽管由于伯尔尼公约，版权法在很多国家都是统一的。

Copyright can cover creative, written works, and I'd say a SQL query can/does fall within that range.

版权可以涵盖创造性的、书面的作品，我认为SQL查询可以/确实属于这个范围。

At the same time, unless his contract with the school is written quite strangely, he wrote this for them as a work for hire. In that case, his claim of copyright is probably an outright falsehood -- when a work is written for hire, the hirer, not the author, owns the copyright.

与此同时，除非他与学校的合同写得很奇怪，否则他是为他们写的。在这种情况下，他对版权的主张很可能是一个彻头彻尾的谎言——当一件作品是为雇佣而写时，版权归作者所有，而不是作者。

There seems to be some controversy about what constitutes a work made for hire. According to US law (17 USC, §101):

对于什么是为雇佣而做的作品，似乎存在一些争议。根据美国法律(101年17南加州大学,§):

 A “work made for hire” is—

  (1) a work prepared by an employee within the scope of his or her employment;

  or

  (2) a work specially ordered or commissioned for use as a contribution to a
  collective work, as a part of a motion picture or other audiovisual work,
  as a translation, as a supplementary work, as a compilation, as an
  instructional text, as a test, as answer material for a test, or as an
  atlas, if the parties expressly agree in a written instrument signed by
  them that the work shall be considered a work made for hire.

Since this query seems to fall within the scope of '(1)', it can qualify as a work made for hire, even without an express agreement to that effect. The possible exception would be if his contract was written so it excluded writing the query from falling within the scope of his employment.

由于这个查询似乎属于“(1)”的范围，因此它可以作为为出租而制作的作品，即使没有对此的明确协议。可能的例外是，如果他的合同是书面的，所以它排除了在他的工作范围内写问题。

The only part that's really open to question is whether he qualifies as an employee or not. In the case of a consultant, that can be a difficult question to answer. Basically, if he work's completely independently, and just delivers a final result then he's probably not. If he works about like a normal employee, and they have control over things like his schedule and such, then there's a pretty good chance that he would qualify as just a temporary employee.

唯一真正值得怀疑的是，他是否有资格成为一名雇员。对于咨询师来说，这是一个很难回答的问题。基本上，如果他的工作是完全独立的，并且只给出最终的结果，那么他可能不会。如果他像一个普通员工一样工作，他们可以控制他的日程安排等，那么他很有可能只是一个临时员工。

#4

Yes, SQL queries CAN be protected by copyright.

是的，SQL查询可以受版权保护。

The question you really need to be asking is - does he actually own the copyright, or is he just saying he does. This would depend on the terms of the contract under which the query was written.

你真正需要问的问题是——他是否拥有版权，或者他只是说他拥有版权。这将取决于编写查询的合同条款。

Edit: I want to modify my answer - you can do what you wish with it (I am not a lawyer!), as long as there is no strange contract involved.

编辑:我想修改我的答案——你可以用它做你想做的事(我不是律师!)

Case 1: He sold you the .sql file as a "program" - the .sql file itself is the program, and you can modify it however you want - same with if you buy any application you can open it with a hex editor and change bits around. There is no EULA prohibiting this.

案例1:他将.sql文件作为一个“程序”出售给您——.sql文件本身就是一个程序，您可以随意修改它——同样，如果您购买任何应用程序，您可以使用十六进制编辑器打开它，并对其进行修改。没有EULA禁止这种行为。

Case 2: He sold you the .sql file as source code - he sold you the source meaning the source was what you bought from him and again you can modify it as you're just modifying what you bought.

案例2:他卖给你。sql文件作为源代码——他卖给你源代码，意思是你从他那里买的源代码，你可以修改它，就像你修改你买的一样。

People are getting too caught up in the fact that you can "view the source" of a .sql file - it's either a program or it's a source file depending on the contract, and either way you can modify it. Copyright protects people from unauthorized distribution, not modification for internal use.

人们太过于关注一个事实，即你可以“查看”一个.sql文件的源文件——它要么是一个程序，要么是一个依赖于合同的源文件，无论哪种方式，你都可以修改它。版权保护人们免受未经授权的发行，而不是修改为内部使用。

#5

Find someone who has never seen the extorter's code to inspect the table structure and derive an equivalent query in a cleanroom fashion.

查找从未见过勒索者代码的人，以检查表结构，并以洁净室的方式派生等价查询。

#6

Per US copyright law, section 102, paragraph b:

根据美国版权法，第102条b款:

In no case does copyright protection for an original work of authorship extend to any idea, procedure, process, system, method of operation, concept, principle, or discovery, regardless of the form in which it is described, explained, illustrated, or embodied in such work.

在任何情况下，对原创作者作品的版权保护都不能延伸到任何思想、程序、过程、系统、操作方法、概念、原则或发现，而不论这些作品的描述、解释、说明或体现形式如何。

Here's the original.

这是原始的。

DISCLAIMER: me != lawyer

免责声明:我! =律师

Just a thought: you may find it cheaper to have a lawyer review this, than to pay $500/yr for updates..

只要想一下:你可能会发现，让律师来审查这个问题比花500美元/年的时间来更新要便宜得多。

#7

As always, if you're truly worried about it then ask a lawyer. We're developers.

和往常一样，如果你真的担心这个问题，那就去找律师。我们开发人员。

If I saw something like that and the query wasn't anything overly complicated, I'd re-write it myself (possibly using his query strictly to figure out the database schema, but that's it).

如果我看到类似这样的东西，而查询并不是什么过于复杂的东西，我就会自己重写(可能是严格地使用他的查询来计算数据库模式，但仅此而已)。

At that point, you'd be updating your work...not somebody else's.

到那时，你将更新你的工作……不是别人的。

As for his query...if there was no contract signed at the time of the work, I think it'd be a little flaky to enforce the Copyright.

至于他的查询…如果在创作的时候没有签订合同，我认为执行版权保护有点不牢靠。

#8

Find someone else to rewrite the query for you (or do it yourself) and never use his code again.

找别人为您重写查询(或者自己重写)，并且永远不要再使用他的代码。

You don't have to use his code.

你不需要使用他的代码。

#9

Actually I am a bit surprised at some of the attitudes to this question. The programmer was initially brought in as no one else could solve the problem. The solution may or may not have been easy but no one else could do it and he could and did.

事实上，我对这个问题的一些态度感到有点惊讶。最初引入程序员是因为没有人能解决这个问题。解决方案可能很容易，也可能不容易，但没有人能做到，他也能做到。

He then gets called back in every year to do maintenance. While the changing the year is not exactly rocket science and maybe someone else would have suggested parameters he was not asked to (I assume). Did someone for argument's sake write a specification for the programer which he didn't adhere to? Or did someone say to him 'just fix it. How much? $500? Cool, hurry up. Oh and come back next year and maintain it please"?

然后，他每年都会接到回电去维修。虽然这一年的变化并不完全是火箭科学，也许其他人会提出一些他没有被要求的参数(我假设)。是否有人为了论证而写了一个他没有遵守的程序规范?或者有人对他说:“修好它。”多少钱?500美元?酷,快点。哦，明年再来维护吧?”

Much of the wrath here seems to be around the simplicity of the problem he solved, but surely that is not the point? He solved the actual problem, ensured it all ran each year and got an agreed recompense. My maths is awful, but I suspect there are people who can write applications to do fast Fourier transforms without breaking into a sweat. But because they find it easy should they charge little or no money for "solving the problem".

这里的大部分愤怒似乎都围绕着他解决的问题的简单性，但这肯定不是重点吗?他解决了实际的问题，确保每年都能运行，并得到一致同意的报酬。我的数学很糟糕，但我怀疑有些人可以编写应用程序来进行快速的傅里叶变换，而不用费力。但是，因为他们觉得很容易就应该收很少的钱或者根本没有钱来“解决问题”。

The point about the copyright. Well, many of the post here started with "I AM NOT A LAWYER". No, and neither I suspect was the original programmer. He (hamfistedly) tried to protect himself and I agree with others that it is either not worth the paper it is written on or that all that is needed is to rewrite ot without looking at or using the code, or some of the other suggestions here. Not hammering some guy for earning living.

版权问题。这里的很多帖子都是以“我不是律师”开头的。不，我也不认为是最初的程序员。他(笨拙地)试图保护自己，我同意其他人的观点，要么不值得写这篇文章，要么需要重写，而不需要查看或使用代码，或者这里的其他一些建议。不是为了谋生而殴打别人。

OK so mark me down now for dissenting.

好吧，现在给我记下反对意见。

#10

I am not an attorney, but from what I understand:

我不是律师，但据我所知:

Unless you had an express "work for hire" agreement in writing, or could prove that a mutual understanding of "work-for-hire" existed, then he would have been within his legal right to limit the use of that code.

除非你有一份书面的明确的“工作换工作”协议，或者可以证明双方对“工作换工作”的理解是存在的，否则他将在他的法律权利范围内限制该代码的使用。

"Work for hire" basically means anything created by an individual while under a "work-for-hire" arrangement, is immediately the property of the person hiring them. Without such an agreement, new work created is automatically copyrighted to the individual writing it. I believe any work created by an employee (not sub-contractor) is automatically considered "work for hire".

“雇佣工作”基本上指的是在“以工作为单位”的安排下，个人创造的任何东西，即雇佣他们的人的财产。如果没有这样的协议，新创作出来的作品就会自动获得作者的版权。我相信任何由雇员(不是分包商)创造的工作都会自动被认为是“雇佣工作”。

Of course you cannot copyright ideas, only a specific expression of those ideas.

当然，你不能对想法进行版权保护，只能对这些想法进行特定的表达。

#11

I'd love to do work for your school district. Apparently your contractors can stick whatever conditions they like into their comments and your first impulse will be to honor them rather than looking up the contract and determining what the actual conditions are.

我很乐意为你们学区工作。显然，你的承包商可以在他们的评论中加入他们喜欢的任何条件，你的第一反应是尊重他们，而不是查阅合同，确定实际情况。

#12

Nobody seems to have picked up the fact that Copyright deals with copying. If the OP is neither copying nor distributing, Copyright really doesn't appear to apply in this instance.

似乎没有人意识到版权涉及到复制。如果OP既没有复制也没有发布，那么在这个实例中，版权似乎并不适用。

i.e. the School may not publish or sell as their own work (perhaps) without permission. You'd want to consult your lawyer in those cases.

也就是说，学校不得在未经许可的情况下出版或出售自己的作品。在这种情况下你应该咨询你的律师。

In any event, the OP has consent to run the program which runs some sql in a particular file. I assume the OP hasn't circumvented any anti-tampering controls put in place by the programmer.

无论如何，OP都同意运行在特定文件中运行sql的程序。我认为OP没有绕过程序员设置的任何反篡改控件。

The sql, which is part of the program (work for hire notwithstanding), is just text in a file. Now it may be the case that modifying any/all files related to the program without express consent of the programmer may void any warranties, but that's really about it.

sql是程序的一部分(尽管是为招聘工作)，它只是文件中的文本。现在的情况可能是，在没有程序员明确同意的情况下修改与程序相关的任何/所有文件可能会取消任何保证，但这是真的。

And for $500, nobody's going to sue you. Do you know what lawyers cost? But don't be surprised if you void any support by the original programmer. Fair warning there.

500美元，没人会起诉你。你知道律师费是多少吗?但是如果您失去了原始程序员的任何支持，也不要感到惊讶。合理的警告。

When all is said and done, if all the guy does for $500 is take a 2 minute change that's a bit brash. But are you certain that's all he's doing? $500 for a 1/2 days work at a normal consulting charge out rate isn't unrealistic.

当所有人都说了又做了，如果所有人都花500美元做了2分钟的改变，那就有点傲慢了。但你确定他就是这么做的吗?在正常的咨询费中工作1/2天，500美元是不现实的。

#13

Write your own version of the "application" from scratch. How hard can it be?

从头开始编写自己的“应用程序”版本。这有多难?

#14

Checkout Aharonian v. Gonzales.

结帐Aharonian诉冈萨雷斯。

Basically, you cannot copy the source code of an application, but you can create an application that is functionally similar so long as that does not infringe the copyright of the source code itself.

基本上，您不能复制应用程序的源代码，但是您可以创建一个功能类似的应用程序，只要它不侵犯源代码本身的版权。

In essence, you can recreate the SQL queries, but you can't copy them directly.

本质上，您可以重新创建SQL查询，但不能直接复制它们。

Still, talk to a lawyer about it if you have additional concerns.

不过，如果你有其他顾虑的话，可以和律师谈谈。

#15

I think you'll need to look not at the code but at the contract under which the individual wrote the code. Normally in any kind of programming activity there is a clear indication of the ownership of the source code/object code for the project.

我认为你需要看的不是代码，而是个人写代码的合同。通常在任何一种编程活动中，都有明确表示项目源代码/对象代码的所有权。

If that wasn't in the original contract then I'd make sure it was in this one.

如果那不是在原来的合同里，那么我会确保它在这个合同里。

#16

The fact that it is a SQL query is a red herring. It is source code and intellectual property just like if it was compiled into an executable. As others have already said, any limitations on your use of the software depends mostly on the terms of your agreement.

它是一个SQL查询，这是一个转移注意力的问题。它是源代码和知识产权，就像它被编译成可执行文件一样。正如其他人已经说过的，对您使用该软件的任何限制主要取决于您的协议条款。

I will observe that his comment says:

我将注意到他的评论说:

// This code MAY NOT BE USED without the expressed written consent of 

Which says nothing of modifying it, plus if you modify it then you could also argue that you aren't using his code.

这并不是说要修改它，而且如果你修改它，你也可以说你没有使用他的代码。

#17

Define a new view using the original query as a base without specifying the date parameter e.g.

使用原始查询作为基础定义一个新的视图，而不指定日期参数，例如。

create or replace view MY_VIEW as
 select STUDENT_NAME, STUDENT_NO, CLASS_YEAR
   from STUDENT_TABLE
  where STUDENT_CLASS = 10

Write a new query to select from the view applying the date parameter e.g.

编写一个新的查询，从应用日期参数的视图中进行选择。

set DATE_PARM = '2009';
select STUDENT_NAME, STUDENT_NO, CLASS_YEAR
  from MY_VIEW
 where CLASS_YEAR = %DATE_PARM

#18

Spend the $500 on a solicitor's letter

花500美元在律师的信上

My 2 pennies is at most he can ask you leave his name in if you reuse his code (which is quite common, no?

我的2便士最多是他可以要求你留下他的名字如果你重用他的代码(这很常见，不是吗?

#19

My first question would be "What did the contract you had with the developer say when you paid him last year?" Or, I'd go talk to the attorney for the school system. And take the contract from last year if there is one.

我的第一个问题是“你去年付给开发商的合同是怎么说的?”或者，我去找学校系统的律师。如果有的话，从去年开始。

#20

You never said where you were, so any advice we could give you is useless. There are different laws in different jurisdictions.

你从来没有说过你在哪里，所以我们给你的任何建议都是没用的。不同的司法管辖区有不同的法律。

If you're in the US, call your local Bar Association, ask for a referral to somebody who works with software copyrights, and trust what that person tells you, not anything you read on SO. If you're in another country, find out the equivalent.

如果你在美国，打电话给当地的律师协会，向那些与软件版权相关的人寻求推荐，并且相信那个人告诉你的东西，而不是你读到的任何东西。如果你在另一个国家，你可以找到相应的答案。

Speaking as a US citizen who is not a lawyer of any sort, there's a few things to consider.

作为一个不是律师的美国公民，有一些事情需要考虑。

You never told us how complicated the query was. It's impossible to copyright the only reasonable implementation of something. If it's straightforward, just rewrite it in a straightforward manner. If it's complicated, the query is probably not strictly functional, and there is doubtless some creativity in it. In that case, you should rewrite it in a different manner, or hire somebody.

你从来没有告诉我们这个查询有多复杂。不可能对某件事的唯一合理实现进行版权保护。如果它很简单，就直接重写它。如果它是复杂的，那么查询可能不是严格意义上的功能，而且毫无疑问，它具有一定的创造性。在这种情况下，你应该以不同的方式重写它，或者雇佣某人。

You should be able to find somebody who'll rewrite the query cheaper than continuing to pay $500/year, and it shouldn't be hard to find somebody more ethical than the original developer.

你应该能够找到一个比每年支付500美元更便宜的人重写查询，而且找到一个比最初的开发人员更有道德的人应该不难。

#21

This is a board filled with Software Engineers who know a lot about coding and little about legal issues. It is better you consult a lawyer rather than risk receiving bad advice here.

这是一个充满软件工程师的董事会，他们知道很多关于编码的知识，却很少涉及法律问题。你最好咨询一下律师，而不是冒着在这里接受坏建议的风险。

#22

What were the terms of the contract between the school and the contractor?

学校和承包商之间的合同条款是什么?

(I don't hold out much hope...but I know that anything I write for my employer is contractually bound to them owning the copyright)

(我不抱多大希望……)但我知道我为我的雇主写的任何东西实际上都与他们拥有版权有关)

I hope you find it reassuring the amount of outraged posts you have had on this question about this snake oil pedlar (I know I do)

我希望你能发现，在这个关于这个卖蛇油的小贩的问题上，你有多少愤怒的帖子(我知道我有)。

#23

First, stop this disclaimer nonsense. You're not a lawyer even when you say "I'm a lawyer, seriously" anyway. I know this because I'm son of the king of Nigeria. Anyone who takes legal advice from a forum is doomed.

首先，停止这种免责声明。你不是律师，即使你说“我是律师，说真的”。我知道这一点，因为我是尼日利亚国王的儿子。任何从论坛上听取法律建议的人都是注定要失败的。

1) The code is copyrighted. If there are no contracts/agreements stating the otherwise, copyright belongs to the person who produced the code.

1)本代码版权所有。如果没有合同或协议说明其他情况，版权属于代码的作者。

2) Charging $500 every year for changing year variable is outrageous but not unethical. That's how capitalism works. However modifying a code till you invalidate its owner's rights is certainly unethical.

2)每年因更换年度变量而收取500美元的费用是令人发指的，但并不是不道德的。这是资本主义是如何工作的。然而，修改代码直到使其所有者的权利失效，这当然是不道德的。

What you need to do is to hire someone (or the same guy, whoever's cheapest), to write a query that works every year. That's the RIGHT and ETHICAL way of getting away from $500 every year. Don't forget to set your terms right this time (who owns copyright etc).

你需要做的是雇佣一个人(或者一个最便宜的人)，来写一个每年都要写的查询。这是一种正确的、合乎道德的方式，从每年500美元的价格中走出来。这次别忘了把你的条款写对(谁拥有版权等等)。

#24

[its not a legal advice]

[它不是法律建议]

You pay that guy for what? To generate you a report, or to write code to generate that report? In my opinion, as I'm not a lawyer:

你付钱给那个家伙干什么?要生成报告，还是要编写代码来生成报告?在我看来，因为我不是律师:

• If you pay him for a computer program, that belongs to you. (as dcneiner commented, just if it was in the contract)
• 如果你付钱给他买一个电脑程序，那是你的。(正如dcneiner评论的那样，就在合同中)
• If you pay him for use his program, that belongs to him.
• 如果你付钱给他使用他的程序，那是他的。

[/its not a legal advice]

[/不是法律咨询]

#25

You pay him for service not the code. The fact that he left you with source of his code does not allow you to use it. Even if that was single char he created it, he has not sold the copyright and he has not licensed you to use it.

你付钱给他是为了服务而不是代码。他留给你的代码的源代码不允许你使用它。即使他创造了一个字符，他也没有出售版权，也没有授权你使用它。

If you want to save money delete his query and write your own from scratch or just let him know you are going to do just that and offer to buy his query for 500$. He'll probably go for it since it's going to be his last opportunity to get some of your money.

如果你想省钱，删除他的查询，从头开始写你自己的查询，或者让他知道你要这么做，然后以500美元的价格购买他的查询。他可能会去争取，因为这将是他最后一次得到你的钱的机会。

#26

Why not just call the guy and ask him what's up? It's probably boiler-plate comments in his code and he probably doesn't give a toss. If he does care at all, it's probably more to do with releasing his code rather than using it. Also, if he's that concerned over $500, then he doesn't have enough money to hire a lawyer anyway. Lastly he would have to prove that you used his code - how's he going to do that?

为什么不直接打电话问他怎么了?这很可能是他代码中的样板式评论，他可能不会给你任何意见。如果他真的在乎的话，那可能更多的是发布他的代码而不是使用它。而且，如果他担心超过500美元，那么他也没有足够的钱聘请律师。最后，他必须证明你使用了他的代码——他要怎么做呢?

@PurplePilot PurplePilot makes a good point. If I haven't heard from a client in a year, chances are it'll take me 30 minutes just to pull up my old notes, passwords, etc and refresh my memory as far as what is going on. Then, assuming the single-click button still worked, I would probably at least want to do some spot checking. Then you have to send it off to the person (who knows if it is even the same person this year - you might have to explain to them what to do with the file). Then you have to generate an invoice if you plan on getting paid.

PurplePilot很有道理。如果我已经有一年没接到客户的电话了，我可能要花30分钟才能把我的旧笔记、密码等拿出来，并在接下来的时间里刷新我的记忆。然后，假设单击按钮仍然有效，我可能至少想做一些点检查。然后你必须把它发送给那个人(谁知道今年它是否还是那个人——你可能得向他们解释怎么处理这个文件)。然后，如果你计划获得报酬，你就必须生成一张发票。

Basically if you consult for a living you don't get paid for 8 hours a day. But when somebody calls you once a year, it takes an hour or two just for administrative stuff.

基本上，如果你以咨询为生，你一天工作8小时是得不到报酬的。但是如果有人每年给你打一次电话，仅仅是行政上的事情就需要一两个小时。

#27

I'm not a lawyer, yadda, yadda, yadda...

我不是律师，yadda, yadda, yadda…

This is from www.copyright.gov:

这是来自www.copyright.gov

"Copyright protection is not available for ideas, program logic, algorithms, systems, methods, concepts, or layouts."

版权保护不适用于思想、程序逻辑、算法、系统、方法、概念或布局。

If you extract the SQL code from his .bat file, it would most likely fall under the category of "program logic". He might be able to argue that his simple .bat file is a "program", but he'll most likely lose that argument if it comes down to it.

如果您从他的.bat文件中提取SQL代码，它很可能属于“程序逻辑”范畴。他可能会争辩说他简单的。bat文件是一个“程序”，但如果归结到它，他很可能会输掉这个争论。

Also (and more importantly), you have to actually file with the government to obtain a copyright on a computer program. I highly doubt that he has done that every year (any change to the program would require a new application and non-refundable fee).

而且(更重要的是)，你必须向*提交申请，以获得电脑程序的版权。我非常怀疑他是否每年都这么做(对项目的任何改变都需要新的申请和不可退还的费用)。

Finally, if this guy is hurting so much for his $500 a year then I doubt that he has the money to spend on a lawyer to litigate this. Do it yourself and if he actually finds out AND raises a stink (I doubt he will) then let him rant and rave. Don't explain yourself, don't get into an argument. Just say that you're not interested in what he has to say and "have a nice day". He'll most likely go away in a huff never to be heard from again.

最后，如果这个家伙每年因为500美元而受到如此严重的伤害，那么我怀疑他是否有足够的钱去请律师来解决这个问题。你自己做，如果他真的发现并引起了臭味(我怀疑他会)，那么就让他咆哮和狂欢吧。不要解释自己，不要陷入争论。只要说你对他说的话不感兴趣，“祝你今天愉快”。他很有可能会怒气冲冲地离去，再也听不到他的声音了。

Again, this is not legal advice, I'm not a lawyer, I've never played one on TV.

再说一次，这不是法律建议，我不是律师，我从来没有在电视上演过。

#28

I'm not a lawyer either but...

我也不是律师，但是……

I would guess that you've already got permission to USE the query as you paid him for the use of it.

我猜你已经得到了使用查询的许可，因为你付钱给他使用查询。

// This code was writtend by [the guy]
// and is the property of [his company]...Copyright 2005,2006,2008,2009
// This code MAY NOT BE USED without the expressed written consent of 
// [his company].

the verbiage doesn't say anything about "altering" it though... :)

尽管如此，这句话并没有说要“改变”它……:)

#29

One of your many options here is to create a black box replacement. This sounds like a well-understood problem for which you can write a short requirements document. I would recommend that you include the option to parameterize variable options such as the year in question (!).

您在这里的众多选项之一是创建一个黑盒替换。这听起来像是一个很容易理解的问题，您可以为此编写一个简短的需求文档。我建议您包含参数化变量选项，例如所涉及的年份(!)。

More importantly, I would recommend that you make SQL Injection and similar attacks impossible in your replacement code. To my mind, if someone has created a cash cow like this, they are focused entirely on milking you for the money and not so much on producing the quality one-time solution that you really need.

更重要的是，我建议您在替换代码中避免SQL注入和类似的攻击。在我看来，如果有人创造了像这样的摇钱树，他们会完全专注于为你的钱挤奶，而不是生产你真正需要的一次性解决方案。

Given your requirements document, your recommendation that you have a quality database management system so that you don't get 'hacked', you should be in a solid position to write a functional replacement.

考虑到您的需求文档，您建议您拥有一个高质量的数据库管理系统，这样您就不会被“黑客”攻击，因此您应该能够编写一个功能替换。

#30

It depends on the contract between the school district and the person who did the work. If its a Work for Hire contract (probably the most common), then the contractee (school) owns the work.

这取决于学区和做这项工作的人之间的合同。如果是租赁合同的工作(可能是最常见的)，那么合同方(学校)就拥有这份工作。