众所周知,异步并发编程可以帮助程序更好地处理阻塞操作,比如网络 IO 操作或文件 IO 操作,避免因等待这些操作完成而导致程序卡住的情况。云存储文件传输场景正好包含网络 IO 操作和文件 IO 操作,比如业内相对著名的七牛云存储,官方sdk的默认阻塞传输模式虽然差强人意,但未免有些循规蹈矩,不够锐意创新。在全球同性交友网站Github上找了一圈,也没有找到异步版本,那么本次我们来自己动手将同步阻塞版本改造为异步非阻塞版本,并上传至Python官方库。
异步改造
首先参见七牛云官方接口文档:https://developer.qiniu.com/kodo,新建qiniu_async.py文件:
# @Author:Liu Yue (v3u.cn)
# @Software:Vscode
# @Time:2022/12/30
import base64
import hmac
import time
from hashlib import sha1
import json
import httpx
import aiofiles
class Qiniu:
def __init__(self, access_key, secret_key):
"""初始化"""
self.__checkKey(access_key, secret_key)
self.__access_key = access_key
self.__secret_key = secret_key.encode('utf-8')
def get_access_key(self):
return self.__access_key
def get_secret_key(self):
return self.__secret_key
def __token(self, data):
hashed = hmac.new(self.__secret_key,data.encode('utf-8'), sha1)
return self.urlsafe_base64_encode(hashed.digest())
def token(self, data):
return '{0}:{1}'.format(self.__access_key, self.__token(data))
def token_with_data(self, data):
data = self.urlsafe_base64_encode(data)
return '{0}:{1}:{2}'.format(
self.__access_key, self.__token(data), data)
def urlsafe_base64_encode(self,data):
if isinstance(data, str):
data = data.encode('utf-8')
ret = base64.urlsafe_b64encode(data)
data = ret.decode('utf-8')
return data
@staticmethod
def __checkKey(access_key, secret_key):
if not (access_key and secret_key):
raise ValueError('invalid key')
def upload_token(
self,
bucket,
key=None,
expires=3600,
policy=None,
strict_policy=True):
"""生成上传凭证
Args:
bucket: 上传的空间名
key: 上传的文件名,默认为空
expires: 上传凭证的过期时间,默认为3600s
policy: 上传策略,默认为空
Returns:
上传凭证
"""
if bucket is None or bucket == '':
raise ValueError('invalid bucket name')
scope = bucket
if key is not None:
scope = '{0}:{1}'.format(bucket, key)
args = dict(
scope=scope,
deadline=int(time.time()) + expires,
)
return self.__upload_token(args)
@staticmethod
def up_token_decode(up_token):
up_token_list = up_token.split(':')
ak = up_token_list[0]
sign = base64.urlsafe_b64decode(up_token_list[1])
decode_policy = base64.urlsafe_b64decode(up_token_list[2])
decode_policy = decode_policy.decode('utf-8')
dict_policy = json.loads(decode_policy)
return ak, sign, dict_policy
def __upload_token(self, policy):
data = json.dumps(policy, separators=(',', ':'))
return self.token_with_data(data)
@staticmethod
def __copy_policy(policy, to, strict_policy):
for k, v in policy.items():
if (not strict_policy) or k in _policy_fields:
to[k] = v
这里有两个很关键的异步非阻塞三方库,分别是httpx和aiofiles,对应处理网络IO和文件IO阻塞问题:
pip3 install httpx
pip3 install aiofiles
随后按照文档流程通过加密方法获取文件上传token,这里无须进行异步改造,因为并不涉及IO操作:
q = Qiniu(access_key,access_secret)
token = q.upload_token("空间名称")
print(token)
程序返回:
➜ mydemo git:(master) ✗ /opt/homebrew/bin/python3.10 "/Users/liuyue/wodfan/work/mydemo/src/test.py"
q06bq54Ps5JLfZyP8Ax-qvByMBdu8AoIVJpMco2m:8RjIo9a4CxHM3009DwjbMxDzlU8=:eyJzY29wZSI6ImFkLWgyMTEyIiwiZGVhZGxpbmUiOjE2NzIzNjg2NTd9
接着添加文件流推送方法,先看官方原版逻辑:
def put_data(
up_token, key, data, params=None, mime_type='application/octet-stream', check_crc=False, progress_handler=None,
fname=None, hostscache_dir=None, metadata=None):
"""上传二进制流到七牛
Args:
up_token: 上传凭证
key: 上传文件名
data: 上传二进制流
params: 自定义变量,规格参考 https://developer.qiniu.com/kodo/manual/vars#xvar
mime_type: 上传数据的mimeType
check_crc: 是否校验crc32
progress_handler: 上传进度
hostscache_dir: host请求 缓存文件保存位置
metadata: 元数据
Returns:
一个dict变量,类似 {"hash": "<Hash string>", "key": "<Key string>"}
一个ResponseInfo对象
"""
final_data = b''
if hasattr(data, 'read'):
while True:
tmp_data = data.read(config._BLOCK_SIZE)
if len(tmp_data) == 0:
break
else:
final_data += tmp_data
else:
final_data = data
crc = crc32(final_data)
return _form_put(up_token, key, final_data, params, mime_type,
crc, hostscache_dir, progress_handler, fname, metadata=metadata)
def _form_put(up_token, key, data, params, mime_type, crc, hostscache_dir=None, progress_handler=None, file_name=None,
modify_time=None, keep_last_modified=False, metadata=None):
fields = {}
if params:
for k, v in params.items():
fields[k] = str(v)
if crc:
fields['crc32'] = crc
if key is not None:
fields['key'] = key
fields['token'] = up_token
if config.get_default('default_zone').up_host:
url = config.get_default('default_zone').up_host
else:
url = config.get_default('default_zone').get_up_host_by_token(up_token, hostscache_dir)
# name = key if key else file_name
fname = file_name
if not fname or not fname.strip():
fname = 'file_name'
# last modify time
if modify_time and keep_last_modified:
fields['x-qn-meta-!Last-Modified'] = rfc_from_timestamp(modify_time)
if metadata:
for k, v in metadata.items():
if k.startswith('x-qn-meta-'):
fields[k] = str(v)
r, info = http._post_file(url, data=fields, files={'file': (fname, data, mime_type)})
if r is None and info.need_retry():
if info.connect_failed:
if config.get_default('default_zone').up_host_backup:
url = config.get_default('default_zone').up_host_backup
else:
url = config.get_default('default_zone').get_up_host_backup_by_token(up_token, hostscache_dir)
if hasattr(data, 'read') is False:
pass
elif hasattr(data, 'seek') and (not hasattr(data, 'seekable') or data.seekable()):
data.seek(0)
else:
return r, info
r, info = http._post_file(url, data=fields, files={'file': (fname, data, mime_type)})
return r, info
这里官方使用两个方法,先试用put_data方法将字符串转换为二进制文件流,随后调用_form_put进行同步上传操作,这里_form_put这个私有方法是可复用的,既兼容文件流也兼容文件实体,写法上非常值得我们借鉴,弄明白了官方原版的流程后,让我们撰写文件流传输的异步版本:
# 上传文件流
async def upload_data(self,up_token, key,data,url="http://up-z1.qiniup.com",params=None,mime_type='application/octet-stream',file_name=None,metadata=None):
data.encode('utf-8')
fields = {}
if params:
for k, v in params.items():
fields[k] = str(v)
if key is not None:
fields['key'] = key
fields['token'] = up_token
fname = file_name
if not fname or not fname.strip():
fname = 'file_name'
async with httpx.AsyncClient() as client:
# 调用异步使用await关键字
res = await client.post(url,data=fields,files={'file': (fname,data,mime_type)})
print(res.text)
这里我们声明异步方法upload_data,通过encode直接转换文件流,并使用异步httpx.AsyncClient()对象将文件流推送到官网接口地址:up-z1.qiniup.com
随后进行测试:
import asyncio
q = qiniu_async.Qiniu("accesskey","accesssecret")
token = q.upload_token("空间名称")
#文件流上传
asyncio.run(q.upload_data(token,"3343.txt","123测试"))
程序返回:
➜ mydemo git:(master) ✗ /opt/homebrew/bin/python3.10 "/Users/liuyue/wodfan/work/mydemo/src/test.py"
{"hash":"FtnQXAXft5AsOH1mrmXGaRzSt-95","key":"33434.txt"}
接口会返回文件流的hash编码,没有问题。
接着查看文件上传流程:
def put_file(up_token, key, file_path, params=None,
mime_type='application/octet-stream', check_crc=False,
progress_handler=None, upload_progress_recorder=None, keep_last_modified=False, hostscache_dir=None,
part_size=None, version=None, bucket_name=None, metadata=None):
"""上传文件到七牛
Args:
up_token: 上传凭证
key: 上传文件名
file_path: 上传文件的路径
params: 自定义变量,规格参考 https://developer.qiniu.com/kodo/manual/vars#xvar
mime_type: 上传数据的mimeType
check_crc: 是否校验crc32
progress_handler: 上传进度
upload_progress_recorder: 记录上传进度,用于断点续传
hostscache_dir: host请求 缓存文件保存位置
version: 分片上传版本 目前支持v1/v2版本 默认v1
part_size: 分片上传v2必传字段 默认大小为4MB 分片大小范围为1 MB - 1 GB
bucket_name: 分片上传v2字段 空间名称
metadata: 元数据信息
Returns:
一个dict变量,类似 {"hash": "<Hash string>", "key": "<Key string>"}
一个ResponseInfo对象
"""
ret = {}
size = os.stat(file_path).st_size
with open(file_path, 'rb') as input_stream:
file_name = os.path.basename(file_path)
modify_time = int(os.path.getmtime(file_path))
if size > config.get_default('default_upload_threshold'):
ret, info = put_stream(up_token, key, input_stream, file_name, size, hostscache_dir, params,
mime_type, progress_handler,
upload_progress_recorder=upload_progress_recorder,
modify_time=modify_time, keep_last_modified=keep_last_modified,
part_size=part_size, version=version, bucket_name=bucket_name, metadata=metadata)
else:
crc = file_crc32(file_path)
ret, info = _form_put(up_token, key, input_stream, params, mime_type,
crc, hostscache_dir, progress_handler, file_name,
modify_time=modify_time, keep_last_modified=keep_last_modified, metadata=metadata)
return ret, info
这里官方使用的是标准库上下文管理器同步读取文件,改写为异步方法:
# 上传文件实体
async def upload_file(self,up_token,key,path,url="http://up-z1.qiniup.com",params=None,mime_type='application/octet-stream',file_name=None,metadata=None):
async with aiofiles.open(path, mode='rb') as f:
contents = await f.read()
fields = {}
if params:
for k, v in params.items():
fields[k] = str(v)
if key is not None:
fields['key'] = key
fields['token'] = up_token
fname = file_name
if not fname or not fname.strip():
fname = 'file_name'
async with httpx.AsyncClient() as client:
# 调用异步使用await关键字
res = await client.post(url,data=fields,files={'file': (fname,contents,mime_type)})
print(res.text)
通过aiofiles异步读取文件后,在通过httpx.AsyncClient()进行异步传输。
需要注意的是,这里默认传输到up-z1.qiniup.com接口,如果是不同区域的云存储服务器,需要更改url参数的值,具体服务器接口列表请参照官网文档。
至此,文件流和文件异步传输就改造好了。
上传至Python官方库
为了方便广大七牛云用户使用异步传输版本库,可以将qiniu-async上传到Python官方库,首先注册成为Python官方库的开发者:pypi.org/
随后在项目根目录下新建setup.py文件:
import setuptools
import pathlib
here = pathlib.Path(__file__).parent.resolve()
long_description = (here / "README.md").read_text(encoding="utf-8")
setuptools.setup(
name="qiniu-async",
version="1.0.1",
author="LiuYue",
author_email="zcxey2911@gmail.com",
description="qiniu_async python library",
long_description=long_description,
long_description_content_type="text/markdown",
url="https://github.com/qiniu-async",
packages=setuptools.find_packages(),
license="Apache 2.0",
classifiers=[
"Development Status :: 3 - Alpha",
"Intended Audience :: Developers",
"Programming Language :: Python :: 3",
"Programming Language :: Python :: 3.7",
"Programming Language :: Python :: 3.8",
"Programming Language :: Python :: 3.9",
"Programming Language :: Python :: 3.10",
"Programming Language :: Python :: 3 :: Only",
"License :: OSI Approved :: MIT License",
"Operating System :: OS Independent",
],
keywords="qiniu, qiniu_async, async",
py_modules=[
'qiniu_async'
],
install_requires=["aiofiles","httpx"],
)
这是安装文件,主要为了声明该模块的名称、作者、版本以及依赖库。
随后本地打包文件:
python3 setup.py sdist
程序会根据setup.py文件生成压缩包:
➜ qiniu_async tree
.
├── README.md
├── dist
│ └── qiniu-async-1.0.1.tar.gz
├── https:
│ └── github.com
│ └── zcxey2911
│ └── qiniu-async.git
├── qiniu_async.egg-info
│ ├── PKG-INFO
│ ├── SOURCES.txt
│ ├── dependency_links.txt
│ ├── requires.txt
│ └── top_level.txt
├── qiniu_async.py
└── setup.py
接着安装twine库, 准备提交Python官网:
pip3 install twine
随后在根目录运行命令提交:
twine upload dist/*
在官网进行查看:https://pypi.org/project/qiniu-async/
随后本地就可以直接通过pip命令句进行安装了:
pip install qiniu-async -i https://pypi.org/simple
非常方便。
结语
云端存储,异步加持,猛虎添翼,未敢拥钵独飨,除了通过pip安装qiniu-async库,也奉上Github项目地址:https://github.com/zcxey2911/qiniu-async ,与众乡亲同飨。