问题描述：设置28401事件后启动数据库时报错ORA-49100，如下所示：
数据库：oracle 11.2.0.4 64位
系统：centos 7.9 64位
20:36:27 SQL> alter system set event='28401 trace namecontext forever,level 1' scope=spfile;
System altered.
20:37:19 SQL> shutdown immediate
Database closed.
Database dismounted.
ORACLE instance shut down.
20:37:43 SQL> startup
ORA-49601: syntax error: found "%s": expecting one of: "%s" etc..
20:37:49 SQL> startup
ORA-49100: Failed to process event statement [28401 trace namecontext forever,level 1]
ORA-49601: syntax error: found "FOREVER": expecting one of: "End-of-Statement" etc..
异常原因：设置28401事件语句错误，将“name context“写成”namecontext“.
处理方案：用spfile生成pfile，修改pfile后用pfile启动数据库,如下所示：
[oracle@leo ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.4.0 Production on Sun Jul 24 20:39:55 2022
Copyright (c) 1982, 2013, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to an idle instance.
SQL> create pfile from spfile;
File created.
[oracle@leo dbs]$ ll
total 24
-rw-rw---- 1 oracle asmadmin 1544 Jul 24 20:37 hc_orcl.dat
-rw-r--r-- 1 oracle oinstall 2851 May 15 2009 init.ora
-rw-r--r-- 1 oracle asmadmin 1027 Jul 24 20:40 initorcl.ora
-rw-r----- 1 oracle asmadmin 24 Jul 17 00:23 lkORCL
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 1536 Jul 24 12:24 orapworcl
-rw-r----- 1 oracle asmadmin 3584 Jul 24 20:37 spfileorcl.ora
[oracle@leo dbs]$ vi initorcl.ora
将以下
*.event='28401 trace namecontext forever,level 1'
修改为：
*.event='28401 trace name context forever,level 1'
然后以pfile启动数据库
SQL> startup pfile='/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/initorcl.ora';
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 3006406656 bytes
Fixed Size 2257032 bytes
Variable Size 704647032 bytes
Database Buffers 2281701376 bytes
Redo Buffers 17801216 bytes
Database mounted.
Database opened.
SQL> create spfile from pfile='/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/initorcl.ora';
File created.
SQL> show parameter pfile
NAME TYPE VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
spfile string
