将stdout/stderr重定向到字符串

there has been many previous questions about redirecting stdout/stderr to a file. is there a way to redirect stdout/stderr to a string?

关于将stdout/stderr重定向到文件有很多问题。有办法将stdout/stderr重定向到字符串吗?

5 个解决方案

#1

Yes, you can redirect it to an std::stringstream:

是的，您可以将它重定向到std: stringstream:

std::stringstream buffer;
std::streambuf * old = std::cout.rdbuf(buffer.rdbuf());

std::cout << "Bla" << std::endl;

std::string text = buffer.str(); // text will now contain "Bla\n"

You can use a simple guard class to make sure the buffer is always reset:

您可以使用一个简单的保护类来确保缓冲区总是重置:

struct cout_redirect {
    cout_redirect( std::streambuf * new_buffer ) 
        : old( std::cout.rdbuf( new_buffer ) )
    { }

    ~cout_redirect( ) {
        std::cout.rdbuf( old );
    }

private:
    std::streambuf * old;
};

#2

You can use this class:

你可以使用这个类:

#include <unistd.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string>

class StdCapture
{
public:
    StdCapture(): m_capturing(false), m_init(false), m_oldStdOut(0), m_oldStdErr(0)
    {
        m_pipe[READ] = 0;
        m_pipe[WRITE] = 0;
        if (_pipe(m_pipe, 65536, O_BINARY) == -1)
            return;
        m_oldStdOut = dup(fileno(stdout));
        m_oldStdErr = dup(fileno(stderr));
        if (m_oldStdOut == -1 || m_oldStdErr == -1)
            return;

        m_init = true;
    }

    ~StdCapture()
    {
        if (m_capturing)
        {
            EndCapture();
        }
        if (m_oldStdOut > 0)
            close(m_oldStdOut);
        if (m_oldStdErr > 0)
            close(m_oldStdErr);
        if (m_pipe[READ] > 0)
            close(m_pipe[READ]);
        if (m_pipe[WRITE] > 0)
            close(m_pipe[WRITE]);
    }


    void BeginCapture()
    {
        if (!m_init)
            return;
        if (m_capturing)
            EndCapture();
        fflush(stdout);
        fflush(stderr);
        dup2(m_pipe[WRITE], fileno(stdout));
        dup2(m_pipe[WRITE], fileno(stderr));
        m_capturing = true;
    }

    bool EndCapture()
    {
        if (!m_init)
            return false;
        if (!m_capturing)
            return false;
        fflush(stdout);
        fflush(stderr);
        dup2(m_oldStdOut, fileno(stdout));
        dup2(m_oldStdErr, fileno(stderr));
        m_captured.clear();

        std::string buf;
        const int bufSize = 1024;
        buf.resize(bufSize);
        int bytesRead = 0;
        if (!eof(m_pipe[READ]))
        {
            bytesRead = read(m_pipe[READ], &(*buf.begin()), bufSize);
        }
        while(bytesRead == bufSize)
        {
            m_captured += buf;
            bytesRead = 0;
            if (!eof(m_pipe[READ]))
            {
                bytesRead = read(m_pipe[READ], &(*buf.begin()), bufSize);
            }
        }
        if (bytesRead > 0)
        {
            buf.resize(bytesRead);
            m_captured += buf;
        }
        return true;
    }

    std::string GetCapture() const
    {
        std::string::size_type idx = m_captured.find_last_not_of("\r\n");
        if (idx == std::string::npos)
        {
            return m_captured;
        }
        else
        {
            return m_captured.substr(0, idx+1);
        }
    }

private:
    enum PIPES { READ, WRITE };
    int m_pipe[2];
    int m_oldStdOut;
    int m_oldStdErr;
    bool m_capturing;
    bool m_init;
    std::string m_captured;
};

call BeginCapture() when you need to start capture
call EndCapture() when you need to stop capture
call GetCapture() to retrieve captured output

调用BeginCapture()当需要启动捕获调用EndCapture()时，当需要停止捕获调用GetCapture()以检索捕获的输出时

#3

In order to provide a thread-safe & cross platform solution, I have adapted rmflow's approach into a similar interface. As this class modifies global file descriptors, I adapted it to a mutex-guarded static class that protects against multiple instances thrashing global file descriptors. In addition, rmflow's answer does not clean up all of the used file descriptors which can lead to problems opening new ones (for output streams or files) if many BeginCapture() & EndCapture() calls are used in one application. This code has been tested on Windows 7/8, Linux, OSX, Android, and iOS.

为了提供线程安全的跨平台解决方案，我将rmflow的方法应用到类似的接口中。当这个类修改全局文件描述符时，我将它修改为一个互斥保护的静态类，该静态类防止多个实例抖动全局文件描述符。此外，如果在一个应用程序中使用了许多BeginCapture()和EndCapture()调用，那么rmflow的答案不会清除所有使用过的文件描述符，这会导致打开新文件(用于输出流或文件)的问题。该代码已经在Windows 7/8、Linux、OSX、Android和iOS上进行了测试。

NOTE: In order to use std::mutex you must compile against c++ 11. If you do not / cannot use c++11, you can remove the mutex calls completely (sacrificing thread safety) or you can find a legacy sychronization mechanism to get the job done.

注意:要使用std::mutex，必须使用c++ 11编译。如果您不/不能使用c++11，您可以完全删除互斥对象调用(牺牲线程安全性)，或者您可以找到一个遗留的同步机制来完成任务。

#ifdef _MSC_VER
#include <io.h>
#define popen _popen 
#define pclose _pclose
#define stat _stat 
#define dup _dup
#define dup2 _dup2
#define fileno _fileno
#define close _close
#define pipe _pipe
#define read _read
#define eof _eof
#else
#include <unistd.h>
#endif
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <mutex>

class StdCapture
{
public:
    static void Init()
    {
        // make stdout & stderr streams unbuffered
        // so that we don't need to flush the streams
        // before capture and after capture 
        // (fflush can cause a deadlock if the stream is currently being 
        std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(m_mutex);
        setvbuf(stdout,NULL,_IONBF,0);
        setvbuf(stderr,NULL,_IONBF,0);
    }

    static void BeginCapture()
    {
        std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(m_mutex);
        if (m_capturing)
            return;

        secure_pipe(m_pipe);
        m_oldStdOut = secure_dup(STD_OUT_FD);
        m_oldStdErr = secure_dup(STD_ERR_FD);
        secure_dup2(m_pipe[WRITE],STD_OUT_FD);
        secure_dup2(m_pipe[WRITE],STD_ERR_FD);
        m_capturing = true;
#ifndef _MSC_VER
        secure_close(m_pipe[WRITE]);
#endif
    }
    static bool IsCapturing()
    {
        std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(m_mutex);
        return m_capturing;
    }
    static bool EndCapture()
    {
        std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(m_mutex);
        if (!m_capturing)
            return;

        m_captured.clear();
        secure_dup2(m_oldStdOut, STD_OUT_FD);
        secure_dup2(m_oldStdErr, STD_ERR_FD);

        const int bufSize = 1025;
        char buf[bufSize];
        int bytesRead = 0;
        bool fd_blocked(false);
        do
        {
            bytesRead = 0;
            fd_blocked = false;
#ifdef _MSC_VER
            if (!eof(m_pipe[READ]))
                bytesRead = read(m_pipe[READ], buf, bufSize-1);
#else
            bytesRead = read(m_pipe[READ], buf, bufSize-1);
#endif
            if (bytesRead > 0)
            {
                buf[bytesRead] = 0;
                m_captured += buf;
            }
            else if (bytesRead < 0)
            {
                fd_blocked = (errno == EAGAIN || errno == EWOULDBLOCK || errno == EINTR);
                if (fd_blocked)
                    std::this_thread::sleep_for(std::chrono::milliseconds(10));
            }
        }
        while(fd_blocked || bytesRead == (bufSize-1));

        secure_close(m_oldStdOut);
        secure_close(m_oldStdErr);
        secure_close(m_pipe[READ]);
#ifdef _MSC_VER
        secure_close(m_pipe[WRITE]);
#endif
        m_capturing = false;
    }
    static std::string GetCapture()
    {
        std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(m_mutex);
        return m_captured;
    }
private:
    enum PIPES { READ, WRITE };

    int StdCapture::secure_dup(int src)
    {
        int ret = -1;
        bool fd_blocked = false;
        do
        {
             ret = dup(src);
             fd_blocked = (errno == EINTR ||  errno == EBUSY);
             if (fd_blocked)
                std::this_thread::sleep_for(std::chrono::milliseconds(10));
        }
        while (ret < 0);
        return ret;
    }
    void StdCapture::secure_pipe(int * pipes)
    {
        int ret = -1;
        bool fd_blocked = false;
        do
        {
#ifdef _MSC_VER
            ret = pipe(pipes, 65536, O_BINARY);
#else
            ret = pipe(pipes) == -1;
#endif
            fd_blocked = (errno == EINTR ||  errno == EBUSY);
            if (fd_blocked)
                std::this_thread::sleep_for(std::chrono::milliseconds(10));
        }
        while (ret < 0);
    }
    void StdCapture::secure_dup2(int src, int dest)
    {
        int ret = -1;
        bool fd_blocked = false;
        do
        {
             ret = dup2(src,dest);
             fd_blocked = (errno == EINTR ||  errno == EBUSY);
             if (fd_blocked)
                std::this_thread::sleep_for(std::chrono::milliseconds(10));
        }
        while (ret < 0);
    }

    void StdCapture::secure_close(int & fd)
    {
        int ret = -1;
        bool fd_blocked = false;
        do
        {
             ret = close(fd);
             fd_blocked = (errno == EINTR);
             if (fd_blocked)
                std::this_thread::sleep_for(std::chrono::milliseconds(10));
        }
        while (ret < 0);

        fd = -1;
    }

    static int m_pipe[2];
    static int m_oldStdOut;
    static int m_oldStdErr;
    static bool m_capturing;
    static std::mutex m_mutex;
    static std::string m_captured;
};

// actually define vars.
int StdCapture::m_pipe[2];
int StdCapture::m_oldStdOut;
int StdCapture::m_oldStdErr;
bool StdCapture::m_capturing;
std::mutex StdCapture::m_mutex;
std::string StdCapture::m_captured;

call Init() once (before capture) to remove buffering to stdout / stderr

在捕获之前调用Init()一次，以删除对stdout / stderr的缓冲

call BeginCapture() when you need to start capture

需要开始捕获时调用BeginCapture()

call EndCapture() when you need to stop capture

当需要停止捕获时，调用EndCapture()

call GetCapture() to retrieve captured output

调用GetCapture()来检索捕获的输出。

call IsCapturing() to see if stdout/stderr is currently redirected

调用iscapture()，查看stdout/stderr是否当前被重定向

#4

Since your question is tagged C as well as C++, it seems appropriate to mention that although you cannot associate a string to a FILE * in standard C, there are several non-standard libraries that allow that. glibc is almost standard, so you may be perfectly happy using fmemopen() See http://www.gnu.org/s/libc/manual/html_mono/libc.html#String-Streams

由于您的问题被标记为C和c++，因此似乎应该指出，尽管在标准C中不能将字符串与文件*关联，但是有几个非标准库允许这样做。glibc几乎是标准的，所以您可以使用fmemopen()查看http://www.gnu.org/s/libc/manual/html_mono/libc.html#String-Streams。

#5

i've furnished a qt osx ready variation from Björn Pollex code

我已经提供了一个qt osx准备从Bjorn Pollex代码的变化。

#include <stdio.h>
#include <iostream>
#include <streambuf>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string>
#include <sstream>

class CoutRedirect {

public:
    CoutRedirect() {
        old = std::cout.rdbuf( buffer.rdbuf() ); // redirect cout to buffer stream
    }

    std::string getString() {
        return buffer.str(); // get string
    }

    ~CoutRedirect( ) {
        std::cout.rdbuf( old ); // reverse redirect
    }

private:
    std::stringstream buffer;
    std::streambuf * old;
};