(本系列中所有代码在windows7 64位[]/Python 3.4.3 32bit/PyQt GPL v5.5 for Python v3.4 (x32)/eric6-6.0.8下测试通过.)
原本地址:http://zetcode.com/gui/pyqt5/
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在此我们会继续介绍PyQt5的部件.我们会介绍QPixmap、QLineEdit、QSplitter和QComboBox.
QPixmap
一个QPixmap是一个用于处理图像的部件.它更适合在屏幕上显示图片.在下面的例子中,我们会用QPixmap来在窗口上显示一个图片.
#!/usr/bin/python3
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
"""
ZetCode PyQt5 tutorial
In this example, we dispay an image
on the window.
author: Jan Bodnar
website: zetcode.com
last edited: January 2015
"""
import sys
from PyQt5.QtWidgets import (QWidget, QHBoxLayout,
QLabel, QApplication)
from PyQt5.QtGui import QPixmap
class Example(QWidget):
def __init__(self):
super().__init__()
self.initUI()
def initUI(self):
hbox = QHBoxLayout(self)
pixmap = QPixmap("redrock.png")
lbl = QLabel(self)
lbl.setPixmap(pixmap)
hbox.addWidget(lbl)
self.setLayout(hbox)
self.move(300, 200)
self.setWindowTitle('Red Rock')
self.show()
if __name__ == '__main__':
app = QApplication(sys.argv)
ex = Example()
sys.exit(app.exec_())
在上面的例子中,我们在窗口上显示了一张图片.
pixmap = QPixmap("redrock.png")我们创建一个QPixmap对象,他用文件名作为参数.
lbl = QLabel(self)我们把Pixmap放到QLabel部件里.
lbl.setPixmap(pixmap)
QLineEdit
一个QLineEdit是一个允许输入和编辑一行纯文件的部件.部件支持撤销和重做、剪切和剪贴、拖拽功能.
#!/usr/bin/python3
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
"""
ZetCode PyQt5 tutorial
This example shows text which
is entered in a QLineEdit
in a QLabel widget.
author: Jan Bodnar
website: zetcode.com
last edited: January 2015
"""
import sys
from PyQt5.QtWidgets import (QWidget, QLabel,
QLineEdit, QApplication)
class Example(QWidget):
def __init__(self):
super().__init__()
self.initUI()
def initUI(self):
self.lbl = QLabel(self)
qle = QLineEdit(self)
qle.move(60, 100)
self.lbl.move(60, 40)
qle.textChanged[str].connect(self.onChanged)
self.setGeometry(300, 300, 280, 170)
self.setWindowTitle('QLineEdit')
self.show()
def onChanged(self, text):
self.lbl.setText(text)
self.lbl.adjustSize()
if __name__ == '__main__':
app = QApplication(sys.argv)
ex = Example()
sys.exit(app.exec_())
这个例子我们显示了一个行编辑器和一个标签.我们在行编辑器里输入的文本会立刻在标签中显示.
qle = QLineEdit(self)创建一个QLineEdit部件.
qle.textChanged[str].connect(self.onChanged)如果在行编辑器里的文本有变动,我们就调用onChanged()方法.
def onChanged(self, text):
self.lbl.setText(text)
self.lbl.adjustSize()
在onChanged()方法里,我们设置被输入的文本到标签部件.我们通过调用adjustSize()方法来调整标签的大小到文本的长度.
![PyQt5初级教程--PyQt5中的部件II[9/13]](https://image.shishitao.com:8440/aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuaXRkYWFuLmNvbS9pbWdzLzAvNC8xLzQvOTgvYmE1Mzk3ZThlYTQwNTFmOWU1NDM1MzljOWViYTlkNDMuanBl.jpe?w=700&webp=1 "PyQt5初级教程--PyQt5中的部件II[9/13]")
图片:行编辑器
QSplitter
一个QSplitter可以让用户通过拖拽子部件的边界来控制子部件的大小.在下面的例子中,我们显示三个QFrame部件用两个分割器调整.
#!/usr/bin/python3
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
"""
ZetCode PyQt5 tutorial
This example shows
how to use QSplitter widget.
author: Jan Bodnar
website: zetcode.com
last edited: January 2015
"""
import sys
from PyQt5.QtWidgets import (QWidget, QHBoxLayout, QFrame,
QSplitter, QStyleFactory, QApplication)
from PyQt5.QtCore import Qt
class Example(QWidget):
def __init__(self):
super().__init__()
self.initUI()
def initUI(self):
hbox = QHBoxLayout(self)
topleft = QFrame(self)
topleft.setFrameShape(QFrame.StyledPanel)
topright = QFrame(self)
topright.setFrameShape(QFrame.StyledPanel)
bottom = QFrame(self)
bottom.setFrameShape(QFrame.StyledPanel)
splitter1 = QSplitter(Qt.Horizontal)
splitter1.addWidget(topleft)
splitter1.addWidget(topright)
splitter2 = QSplitter(Qt.Vertical)
splitter2.addWidget(splitter1)
splitter2.addWidget(bottom)
hbox.addWidget(splitter2)
self.setLayout(hbox)
self.setGeometry(300, 300, 300, 200)
self.setWindowTitle('QSplitter')
self.show()
def onChanged(self, text):
self.lbl.setText(text)
self.lbl.adjustSize()
if __name__ == '__main__':
app = QApplication(sys.argv)
ex = Example()
sys.exit(app.exec_())
在这个例子中,有三个框架和两个分割器.请注意,在某些主题下,分割器可能并不会很友好的显示.
topleft = QFrame(self)
topleft.setFrameShape(QFrame.StyledPanel)
我们用一个经典的框架以便可以看清QFrame部件的边界.
splitter1 = QSplitter(Qt.Horizontal)我们创建一个QSplitter部件,把两个框架加到它里面.
splitter1.addWidget(topleft)
splitter1.addWidget(topright)
splitter2 = QSplitter(Qt.Vertical)我们还可以把一个分割器加到另一个分割器部件里.
splitter2.addWidget(splitter1)
![PyQt5初级教程--PyQt5中的部件II[9/13]](https://image.shishitao.com:8440/aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuaXRkYWFuLmNvbS9pbWdzLzUvNi82LzIvMTAvZjkyYWIxNmRiZTNlOWE5N2ZhNDFiNjhmZmMzNzgwN2IuanBl.jpe?w=700&webp=1 "PyQt5初级教程--PyQt5中的部件II[9/13]")
图片:分割器
QComboBox
QComboBox是一个允许用户从一个选项列表里选择的部件.
#!/usr/bin/python3
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
"""
ZetCode PyQt5 tutorial
This example shows how to use
a QComboBox widget.
author: Jan Bodnar
website: zetcode.com
last edited: January 2015
"""
import sys
from PyQt5.QtWidgets import (QWidget, QLabel,
QComboBox, QApplication)
class Example(QWidget):
def __init__(self):
super().__init__()
self.initUI()
def initUI(self):
self.lbl = QLabel("Ubuntu", self)
combo = QComboBox(self)
combo.addItem("Ubuntu")
combo.addItem("Mandriva")
combo.addItem("Fedora")
combo.addItem("Arch")
combo.addItem("Gentoo")
combo.move(50, 50)
self.lbl.move(50, 150)
combo.activated[str].connect(self.onActivated)
self.setGeometry(300, 300, 300, 200)
self.setWindowTitle('QComboBox')
self.show()
def onActivated(self, text):
self.lbl.setText(text)
self.lbl.adjustSize()
if __name__ == '__main__':
app = QApplication(sys.argv)
ex = Example()
sys.exit(app.exec_())
例子显示了一个QComboBox和一个标签.下拉列表框是一个有着5个选项的列表.它们是Linux发行版的名字.标签部件显示了从下拉列表框选择的选项.
combo = QComboBox(self)我们创建一个有着5个选项的QComboBox部件.
combo.addItem("Ubuntu")
combo.addItem("Mandriva")
combo.addItem("Fedora")
combo.addItem("Arch")
combo.addItem("Gentoo")
combo.activated[str].connect(self.onActivated)基于选择,我们调用onActivated()方法.
def onActivated(self, text):在方法里,我们设置被选择的文本到标签部件.我们会调整标签的大小.
self.lbl.setText(text)
self.lbl.adjustSize()
![PyQt5初级教程--PyQt5中的部件II[9/13]](https://image.shishitao.com:8440/aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuaXRkYWFuLmNvbS9pbWdzLzcvOC84LzEvNTMvY2JkYjVjYzVhYjM1MmFmYzhiYzY5MjIxMTliYzgzNmMuanBl.jpe?w=700&webp=1 "PyQt5初级教程--PyQt5中的部件II[9/13]")
图片:下拉列表框