iOS中多线程的实现方案

时间:2020-12-15 21:50:28

什么是主线程?

一个iOS程序运行后,默认会开启一条线程,称为“主线程”或“UI线程”

主线程的主要作用

1.显示/刷新UI界面

2.处理UI事件(比如点击事件,滚动事件,拖拽事件)

主线程的使用注意

1.别将比较耗时的操作放在主线程中

2.耗时操作会卡在主线程中,严重影响UI的流畅程度

iOS中多线程的实现方案

如图,将耗时操作放在主线程中,任务会按照串行顺序执行,在第五秒点击按钮之后,界面会卡住5秒

因为耗时操作还没有执行完,不能立即响应按钮的点击

iOS中多线程的实现方案

1.pthread的使用

void *run(void *parme) {

    NSLog(@"%@",[NSThread currentThread]);

    for (int i = ; i < ; i++) {
NSLog(@"%d",i);
}
return NULL; } - (IBAction)btnClick:(id)sender { pthread_t thread;
pthread_create(&thread, NULL, run, NULL); }

2.NSThread的使用

- (void)touchesBegan:(NSSet<UITouch *> *)touches withEvent:(UIEvent *)event {
[self createThread3];
} //第一种创建方法
- (void)createThread1 {
//需要几个线程就alloc几个
NSThread *thread = [[NSThread alloc] initWithTarget:self selector:@selector(run:) object:@"第一种"];
thread.name = @"one_thread";
[thread start];
}
//第二种创建方法
- (void)createThread2 { [NSThread detachNewThreadSelector:@selector(run:) toTarget:self withObject:@"第二种"];
} //第三种创建方法
- (void)createThread3 { [self performSelectorInBackground:@selector(run:) withObject:@"第三种"];
} - (void)run:(NSString *)param {
NSLog(@"______%@_____%@",param,[NSThread currentThread]);
}

3.GCD的使用

- (void)touchesBegan:(NSSet<UITouch *> *)touches withEvent:(UIEvent *)event {
[self syncMain];
} /**
同步函数+主队列
*/
- (void)syncMain {
dispatch_queue_t queue = dispatch_get_main_queue(); NSLog(@"syncMain ---- begin");
//将任务加入到队列
dispatch_sync(queue, ^{
NSLog(@"1----%@",[NSThread currentThread]);
});
dispatch_sync(queue, ^{
NSLog(@"2----%@",[NSThread currentThread]);
});
dispatch_sync(queue, ^{
NSLog(@"3----%@",[NSThread currentThread]);
}); NSLog(@"syncMain ---- end");
} /**
异步函数+主队列
*/
- (void)asyncMain { //异步函数用在主队列上就不会开线程了
//获得串行队列
dispatch_queue_t queue = dispatch_get_main_queue(); //将任务加入到队列
dispatch_async(queue, ^{
NSLog(@"1----%@",[NSThread currentThread]);
});
dispatch_async(queue, ^{
NSLog(@"2----%@",[NSThread currentThread]);
});
dispatch_async(queue, ^{
NSLog(@"3----%@",[NSThread currentThread]);
});
} /**
同步函数+串行队列:不会开启新的线程,在当前线程执行任务
*/
- (void)syncSerial {
//创建串行队列
dispatch_queue_t queue = dispatch_queue_create("com.520.queue", DISPATCH_QUEUE_SERIAL); //将任务加入到队列
dispatch_sync(queue, ^{
NSLog(@"1----%@",[NSThread currentThread]);
});
dispatch_sync(queue, ^{
NSLog(@"2----%@",[NSThread currentThread]);
});
dispatch_sync(queue, ^{
NSLog(@"3----%@",[NSThread currentThread]);
});
} /**
异步函数+串行队列:会开启新的线程,但是任务是串行的,执行完一个任务,再执行下一个任务
*/
- (void)asyncSerial {
//创建串行队列
dispatch_queue_t queue = dispatch_queue_create("com.520.queue", DISPATCH_QUEUE_SERIAL); //将任务加入到队列
dispatch_async(queue, ^{
NSLog(@"1----%@",[NSThread currentThread]);
});
dispatch_async(queue, ^{
NSLog(@"2----%@",[NSThread currentThread]);
});
dispatch_async(queue, ^{
NSLog(@"3----%@",[NSThread currentThread]);
});
} /**
同步函数+并发队列:不会开启线程,不能
*/
- (void)syncConcurrent {
//获得全局的并发队列
dispatch_queue_t queue = dispatch_get_global_queue(DISPATCH_QUEUE_PRIORITY_DEFAULT, ); //将任务添加到队列
dispatch_async(queue, ^{
NSLog(@"1----%@",[NSThread currentThread]);
}); dispatch_async(queue, ^{
NSLog(@"1----%@",[NSThread currentThread]);
});
dispatch_async(queue, ^{
NSLog(@"1----%@",[NSThread currentThread]);
});
} /**
异步函数+并发队列:可以同时开启多条线程
*/
- (void)asycConcurrent {
//创建一个队列
//第一个参数是标签等同于名字
//第二个参数传串行还是并行
// dispatch_queue_t queue = dispatch_queue_create("img.download", DISPATCH_QUEUE_CONCURRENT); //获得全局的并发队列
dispatch_queue_t queue = dispatch_get_global_queue(DISPATCH_QUEUE_PRIORITY_DEFAULT, ); //将任务添加到队列
dispatch_async(queue, ^{
for (int i = ; i < ; i++) {
NSLog(@"1----%@",[NSThread currentThread]);
}
}); //将任务添加到队列
dispatch_async(queue, ^{
for (int i = ; i < ; i++) {
NSLog(@"2----%@",[NSThread currentThread]);
}
}); //将任务添加到队列
dispatch_async(queue, ^{
for (int i = ; i < ; i++) {
NSLog(@"3----%@",[NSThread currentThread]);
}
});
}

在使用GCD时,主要分为两步

1.定制任务

2.将任务添加到队列

这里还需要区分下同步,异步,并行,串行

同步异步:影响是否开启新的线程

并行串行:影响任务的执行方式

4.NSOperation的使用

NSOperation是抽象类,并不具备封装操作,必须使用它的子类

使用NSOperation子类的方式有三种

1.NSInvocationOperation

2.NSBlockOperation

3.自定义子类继承NSOperation,实现内部响应的方法

- (void)touchesBegan:(NSSet<UITouch *> *)touches withEvent:(UIEvent *)event {

    //创建队列
NSOperationQueue *queue = [[NSOperationQueue alloc] init]; //创建任务1(invocationOperation方法)
NSInvocationOperation *op1 = [[NSInvocationOperation alloc] initWithTarget:self selector:@selector(download1) object:nil]; //创建任务2(blockOperation方法)
NSBlockOperation *op2 = [NSBlockOperation blockOperationWithBlock:^{
NSLog(@"download2----%@",[NSThread currentThread]);
}]; [op2 addExecutionBlock:^{
NSLog(@"download3----%@",[NSThread currentThread]);
}]; //创建任务3(自定义方法)
DDZOperation *op3 = [[DDZOperation alloc] init]; //添加任务到队列中
[queue addOperation:op1];//内部自动调start方法
[queue addOperation:op2];
[queue addOperation:op3];
} - (void)download1 {
NSLog(@"download1----%@",[NSThread currentThread]);
}

补充在自定义的DDZOperation中只有实现main方法才会开启线程处理任务

@implementation DDZOperation

- (void)main {
NSLog(@"自定义-----%@",[NSThread currentThread]);
}