KVC 与 KVO

时间:2022-06-19 19:50:15

一、Key-Value Coding (KVC)键值编码

KVC,即是指 NSKeyValueCoding,一个非正式的 Protocol,提供一种机制来间接访问对象的属性。KVO 就是基于 KVC 实现的关键技术之一。

一个对象拥有某些属性。比如说,一个 Person 对象有一个 name 和一个 age 属性。以 KVC 说法,Person 对象分别有一个 value 对应他的 name 和 age 的 key。 key 只是一个字符串,它对应的值可以是任意类型的对象。从最基础的层次上看,KVC 有两个方法:一个是设置 key 的值,另一个是获取 key 的值。如下面的例子:

    // using the KVC accessor (getter) method-valueForKe
NSString *personlName = [p valueForKey:@"name"]; // using the KVC accessor (setter) method.-setValue: forKey:
[p setValue:newName forKey:@"name"];

现在,如果 Person 有另外一个 key 配偶(spouse),spouse 的 key 值是另一个 Person 对象,用 KVC 可以这样写:

   // just using the accessor again, same as example above
NSString *personsName = [p valueForKey:@"name"]; // this line is different, because it is using
// a "key path" instead of a normal "key"
NSString *spousesName = [p valueForKeyPath:@"spouse.name"];
valueForKey 与 valueForKeyPath 要区分开来,valueForKey 可以从一个对象中获取值,而valueForKeyPath可以将多个 key 用点号 “.” 分割连接起来,比如:
[p valueForKeyPath:@"spouse.name"];等同于[[p valueForKey:@"spouse"] valueForKey:@"name"];
 
 

二、Key-Value Observing (KVO)键值观察

Key-Value Observing (KVO) 建立在 KVC 之上,它能够观察一个对象的 KVC key path 值的变化。举个例子,用代码观察一个 person 对象的 age 变化,以下是实现的三个方法:

  • watchPersonForChangeOfAddress: 实现观察
  • observeValueForKeyPath:ofObject:change:context: 在被观察的 key path 的值变化时调用。
  • dealloc 停止观察
    static NSString *const KVO_CONTEXT_ADDRESS_CHANGED = @"KVO_CONTEXT_ADDRESS_CHANGED"
    
    @implementation PersonWatcher
    
    -(void) watchPersonForChangeOfAddress:(Person *)p
    { // this begins the observing添加键值监听事件
    [p addObserver:self
    forKeyPath:@"address"
    options:
    context:KVO_CONTEXT_ADDRESS_CHANGED]; // keep a record of all the people being observed,
    // because we need to stop observing them in dealloc
    [m_observedPeople addObject:p];
    } // whenever an observed key path changes, this method will be called
    - (void)observeValueForKeyPath:(NSString *)keyPath
    ofObject:(id)object
    change:(NSDictionary *)change
    context:(void *)context {
    // use the context to make sure this is a change in the address,
    // because we may also be observing other things-键值改变时对应的操作
    if(context == KVO_CONTEXT_ADDRESS_CHANGED) {
    NSString *name = [object valueForKey:@"name"];
    NSString *address = [object valueForKey:@"address"];
    NSLog(@"%@ has a new address: %@", name, address);
    }
    } -(void) dealloc;
    { // must stop observing everything before this object is
    // deallocated, otherwise it will cause crashes-在销毁的时候移除键值监听
    for(Person *p in m_observedPeople){
    [p removeObserver:self forKeyPath:@"address"];
    } [m_observedPeople release];
    m_observedPeople = nil; [super dealloc]; }

    这就是 KVO 的作用,它通过 key path 观察对象的值,当值发生变化的时候会收到通知。