寒城攻略:Listo 教你 25 天学会 Swift 语言 - 19 Optional Chaining

时间:2021-11-27 19:36:34

import Foundation


//***********************************************************************************************

//1.Optional Chaining(自判断链接)

//_______________________________________________________________________________________________

//介绍

//自判断链接是一种可以请求和调用属性,方法以及子脚本的过程,他的自判断性体现于请求或者调用的目标当前可能为空。如果自判断的目标有值,那么他的调用就会成功;如果目标为空,返回 nil


//***********************************************************************************************

//2.Optional Chaining as an Alternative to Forced Unwrapping(自判断链接可以替代强制拆包)

//_______________________________________________________________________________________________

//介绍

//通过在想调用属性,方法,或者子脚本的自判断值(非空)后放一个问号,可以定义一个自判断链接。


//_______________________________________________________________________________________________

//代码演示自判断链接和强制拆包的不同

class Person{              //Person 具有一个自判断 residence属性

   var residence: Residence?

}

class Residence{           //Residence 具有一个 Int 类型的 numberOfRooms

   var numberOfRooms = 1

}


let john = Person()         //因为 Person 类中 residence 为自判断型,所以在创建实例的时候 residence属性默认为空

//let roomCount = john.residence!.numberOfRooms       //如果我们此刻想要强制拆包的话,因为 john.residence nil,程序错误,只有当 john.residence不为空的时候,程序才能运行


if let roomCount =john.residence?.numberOfRooms{          //使用自判断链接提供了另外一种方式去获取类实例属性,这时不会抱错,而是以 nil的形式表示 john.residence

    println("john's residence has\(roomCount) room")

}

else{

    println("Unable to retrieve the number of rooms")

}


john.residence =Residence()           //自己定义一个 Residence 实例给 john.residence 这时它就不是空了

if let roomCount =john.residence?.numberOfRooms{

    println("john's residence has\(roomCount) room")

}

else{

    println("Unable to retrieve the number of rooms")

}


//***********************************************************************************************

//3.Defining Model Classes for Optional Chaining(为自判断链接定义模型类)

//_______________________________________________________________________________________________

//介绍

//我们可以使用自判断链接来多层调用属性,方法和子脚本

class Person1{

   var residence1: Residence1?

}


class Residence1{

    var rooms = [Room]()           //初始化 rooms 为一个空数组,存储的元素必须为 Room 类型

   var numberOfRooms: Int{

   return rooms.count

    }

    

    subscript(i:Int) -> Room{      //为了快速访问 rooms 数组, Residence1 定义了一个只读的子脚本,通过插入角标就可以成功调用

       return rooms[i]

    }

    

   func printNumberOfRooms(){      //打印房间个数

        println("The number of rooms is\(numberOfRooms)")

    }

    

   var address: Address?

}


class Room{

   let name: String

   init(name: String){

       self.name = name

    }

}


class Address{

   var buildingName: String?

   var buildingNumber: String?

   var street: String?

   func buildingIdentifier() -> String?{

        ifbuildingName{

           return buildingName

        }

       else{

           return nil

        }

    }

}


//***********************************************************************************************

//4.Calling Properties Through Optional Chaining(通过自判断链接调用属性)

//_______________________________________________________________________________________________

//代码演示使用自判断链接替代强制拆包获取属性,并且检查属性是否获取成功

let john1 =Person1()

if let roomCount =john1.residence1?.numberOfRooms{        //由于 john1.residence1 nil,所以执行 else 中的语句

    println("john's residence has\(roomCount) rooms")

}

else{

    println("Unabel to retrieve the number of rooms")

}


//***********************************************************************************************

//5.Calling Methods Through Optional Chaining(通过自判断链接调用方法)

//_______________________________________________________________________________________________

//实例代码演示自判断链接调用方法

if john1.residence1?.printNumberOfRooms(){

    println("is was possible to print the number of rooms")

}

else{

    println("it was not possible to print the number of rooms")

}


//***********************************************************************************************

//6.Calling Subscripts Through Optional Chaining(通过自判断链接调用子脚本)

//_______________________________________________________________________________________________

//实例代码演示通过自判断链接调用子脚本

iflet firstRoomName = john1.residence1?[0].name {

   println("The first room is\(firstRoomName)")

}

else{

    println("Unable to retrieve the first room name")

}


let Listo =Residence1()

Listo.rooms += Room(name: "Pin")

Listo.rooms += Room(name: "Melody")

john1.residence1 =Listo           // john1.residence1 创建实例


iflet firstRoomName = john1.residence1?[0].name{

   println("the first room is\(firstRoomName)")

}

else{

    println("Unable to retrieve the first room name")

}


//***********************************************************************************************

//7.CLinking Multiple Levels of Chaining(连接多层链接)

//_______________________________________________________________________________________________

//代码演示连接多层链接

if let johnsStreet =john1.residence1?.address?.street{        //此时 john1.residence1不是 nil,但 john1.residence1.address nil,所以返回 else语句

    println("john's street name is\(johnsStreet)")

}

else{

    println("Unable to retrieve the address")

}


let address =Address()

address.buildingName ="The Larches"

address.street ="laurel Street"

john1.residence1!.address =address    // john1.residence1.address赋值


if let johnsStreet =john1.residence1?.address?.street{        //此时 john1.residence1不是 nil,但 john1.residence1.address nil,所以返回 else语句

    println("john's street name is\(johnsStreet)")

}

else{

    println("Unable to retrieve the address")

}


//***********************************************************************************************

//8.Chaining on Methods With Optional Return Values(链接自判断返回值的方法)

//_______________________________________________________________________________________________

//代码实例演示自判断连接的返回值方法

iflet buildingIdentifier = john1.residence1?.address?.buildingIdentifier(){

   println("john's building identifier is\(buildingIdentifier)")          //返回的值依旧是 String类型的自判断链接

}


iflet buildingIdentifier = john1.residence1?.address?.buildingIdentifier()?.uppercaseString{      //当继续对自判断链接执行操作室,使用 ?.来间隔方法

   println("john's building identifier is\(buildingIdentifier)")          //返回的值依旧是 String类型的自判断链接

}