java面试-synchronized与lock有什么区别?

时间:2022-03-14 19:20:15

1、原始构成:

synchronized是关键字,属于JVM层面,底层是由一对monitorenter和monitorexit指令实现的。

ReentrantLock是一个具体类,是API层面的锁。

2、使用方法:

synchronized不需要用户手动释放锁,当synchronized代码块执行完成后,系统会自动让线程释放对锁的占用

ReentrantLock需要用户手动释放锁,若没有手动释放可能导致死锁现象。

3、等待是否可中断:

synchronized不可中断,除非抛出异常或者正常运行完成

ReentrantLock可中断

4、加锁是否公平:

synchronized非公平锁

ReentrantLock两者都可以,默认是非公平锁。

5、锁绑定多个条件Condition:

synchronized没有。

ReentrantLock可用来分组唤醒需要唤醒的线程。而不是像synchronized要么随机唤醒一个线程,要么唤醒所有线程。

题目:多线程之间按顺序调用,实现A->B->C三个线程启动,要求如下

* AA打印5次,BB打印10次,CC打印15次
* 紧接着
* AA打印5次,BB打印10次,CC打印15次
* 来10轮
class ShareResource {
private int number = 1;
private Lock lock = new ReentrantLock();
private Condition condition1 = lock.newCondition();
private Condition condition2 = lock.newCondition();
private Condition condition3 = lock.newCondition(); public void print5() {
lock.lock();
try {
while (number != 1) {
condition1.await();
}
for (int i = 1; i <= 5; i++) {
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " " + i);
}
number = 2;
condition2.signal();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
lock.unlock();
}
} public void print10() {
lock.lock();
try {
while (number != 2) {
condition2.await();
}
for (int i = 1; i <= 10; i++) {
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " " + i);
}
number = 3;
condition3.signal();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
lock.unlock();
}
} public void print15() {
lock.lock();
try {
while (number != 3) {
condition3.await();
}
for (int i = 1; i <= 15; i++) {
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " " + i);
}
number = 1;
condition1.signal();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
lock.unlock();
}
}
} public class SyncAndReentrantLockDemo { public static void main(String[] args) {
ShareResource shareResource = new ShareResource();
new Thread(() -> {
for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
shareResource.print5();
}
}, "AAA").start(); new Thread(() -> {
for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
shareResource.print10();
}
}, "BBB").start(); new Thread(() -> {
for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
shareResource.print15();
}
}, "CCC").start();
}
}