JavaScript 构造函数与原型链

时间:2022-04-07 23:01:18

构造函数、原型链:

function Person(name, age, job) {
this.name = name;
this.age = age;
this.job = job;
// this.sayName = function () {
// console.log(this.name);
// };
Person.prototype.sayName = function () {
console.log(this.name);
}
} var p1 = new Person('Jesse', 18, 'coder');
var p2 = new Person('Carol', 17, 'designer');
console.log(p1.sayName==p2.sayName); //this.sayName = function () {} // false
// console.log(p1.sayName==p2.sayName); //Person.prototype.sayName = function () {} // true
console.log(p1.sayName()); //console.log(name); // Carol
// console.log(p1.sayName()); //console.log(this.name); // Jesse

数组方法:

//push()   添加一个或多个元素到数组的末尾   返回数组新的长度(length )   改变原数组
var sports = ["soccer", "baseball"];
var total = sports.push("football", "swimming");
console.log(sports); // ["soccer", "baseball", "football", "swimming"]
console.log(total); // 4 //pop() 删除一个数组中的最后的一个元素 返回这个元素 改变原数组
var myFish = ["angel", "clown", "mandarin", "surgeon"];
console.log("myFish before: " + myFish);
var popped = myFish.pop();
console.log("myFish after: " + myFish);
console.log("Removed this element: " + popped);
//unshift()   在数组的开头添加一个或者多个元素   返回数组新的 length 值   改变原数组
var arr = [1, 2];
arr.unshift(0); //result of call is 3, the new array length
//arr is [0, 1, 2]
arr.unshift(-2, -1); // = 5
//arr is [-2, -1, 0, 1, 2]
arr.unshift( [-3] );
//arr is [[-3], -2, -1, 0, 1, 2] //shift() 删除数组的 第一个 元素 返回这个元素 改变原数组
var myFish = ['angel', 'clown', 'mandarin', 'surgeon'];
console.log('调用 shift 之前: ' + myFish);
// "调用 shift 之前: angel,clown,mandarin,surgeon"
var shifted = myFish.shift();
console.log('调用 shift 之后: ' + myFish);
// "调用 shift 之后: clown,mandarin,surgeon"
console.log('被删除的元素: ' + shifted);
// "被删除的元素: angel"
//slice()   浅复制(shallow copy)数组的一部分到一个新的数组   返回这个新数组   不改变原数组

//如果该元素是个对象引用 (不是实际的对象),slice会拷贝这个对象引用到新的数组里。两个对象引用都引用了同一个对象。如果被引用的对象发生改变,则新的和原来的数组中的这个元素也会发生改变。

//对于字符串、数字及布尔值来说 会拷贝这些值到新的数组里。在别的数组里修改这些字符串或数字或是布尔值,将不会影响另一个数组。

//如果向两个数组任一中添加了新元素,则另一个不会受到影响。
//在下例中, slice从myCar中创建了一个新数组newCar.两个数组都包含了一个myHonda对象的引用. 当myHonda的color属性改变为purple, 则两个数组中的对应元素都会随之改变. // 使用slice方法从myCar中创建一个newCar.
var myHonda = { color: "red", wheels: 4, engine: { cylinders: 4, size: 2.2 } };
var myCar = [myHonda, 2, "cherry condition", "purchased 1997"];
var newCar = myCar.slice(0, 2); // 输出myCar, newCar,以及各自的myHonda对象引用的color属性.
print("myCar = " + myCar.toSource());
print("newCar = " + newCar.toSource());
print("myCar[0].color = " + myCar[0].color);
print("newCar[0].color = " + newCar[0].color); // 改变myHonda对象的color属性.
myHonda.color = "purple";
print("The new color of my Honda is " + myHonda.color); //输出myCar, newCar中各自的myHonda对象引用的color属性.
print("myCar[0].color = " + myCar[0].color);
print("newCar[0].color = " + newCar[0].color);
//splice()   用新元素替换旧元素,以此修改数组的内容   返回被删除的元素   改变原数组
var myFish = ["angel", "clown", "mandarin", "surgeon"]; //从第 2 位开始删除 0 个元素,插入 "drum"
var removed = myFish.splice(2, 0, "drum");
//运算后的 myFish:["angel", "clown", "drum", "mandarin", "surgeon"]
//被删除元素数组:[],没有元素被删除 //从第 3 位开始删除 1 个元素
removed = myFish.splice(3, 1);
//运算后的myFish:["angel", "clown", "drum", "surgeon"]
//被删除元素数组:["mandarin"] //从第 2 位开始删除 1 个元素,然后插入 "trumpet"
removed = myFish.splice(2, 1, "trumpet");
//运算后的myFish: ["angel", "clown", "trumpet", "surgeon"]
//被删除元素数组:["drum"] //从第 0 位开始删除 2 个元素,然后插入 "parrot", "anemone" 和 "blue"
removed = myFish.splice(0, 2, "parrot", "anemone", "blue");
//运算后的myFish:["parrot", "anemone", "blue", "trumpet", "surgeon"]
//被删除元素的数组:["angel", "clown"] //从第 3 位开始删除 2 个元素
removed = myFish.splice(3, Number.MAX_VALUE);
//运算后的myFish: ["parrot", "anemone", "blue"]
//被删除元素的数组:["trumpet", "surgeon"]
//concat()   将传入的数组或非数组值与原数组合并,组成一个新的数组并返回.   不修改原数组

var alpha = ["a", "b", "c"];
var numeric = [1, 2, 3];
// 组成新数组 ["a", "b", "c", 1, 2, 3]; 原数组 alpha 和 numeric 未被修改
var alphaNumeric = alpha.concat(numeric); var num1 = [1, 2, 3];
var num2 = [4, 5, 6];
var num3 = [7, 8, 9];
// 组成新数组[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]; 原数组 num1, num2, num3 未被修改
var nums = num1.concat(num2, num3); var alpha = ['a', 'b', 'c'];
// 组成新数组 ["a", "b", "c", 1, 2, 3], 原alpha数组未被修改
var alphaNumeric = alpha.concat(1, [2, 3]);
// join()   将数组中的所有元素连接成一个字符串   不修改原数组
var a = ['Wind', 'Rain', 'Fire'];
var myVar1 = a.join(); // myVar1的值变为"Wind,Rain,Fire"
var myVar2 = a.join(', '); // myVar2的值变为"Wind, Rain, Fire"
var myVar3 = a.join(' + '); // myVar3的值变为"Wind + Rain + Fire"
var myVar4 = a.join(''); // myVar4的值变为"WindRainFire"
//filter()   使用指定的函数测试所有元素,并创建一个包含所有通过测试的元素的新数组   

function isBigEnough(element) {
return element >= 10;
}
var filtered = [12, 5, 8, 130, 44].filter(isBigEnough);
// filtered is [12, 130, 44]
//indexOf()   返回给定元素能找在数组中找到的第一个索引值,否则返回-1
var array = [2, 5, 9];
array.indexOf(2); // 0
array.indexOf(7); // -1
array.indexOf(9, 2); // 2
array.indexOf(2, -1); // -1
array.indexOf(2, -3); // 0 var indices = [];
var array = ['a', 'b', 'a', 'c', 'a', 'd'];
var element = 'a';
var idx = array.indexOf(element);
while (idx != -1) {
indices.push(idx);
idx = array.indexOf(element, idx + 1);
}
console.log(indices);
// [0, 2, 4] function updateVegetablesCollection (veggies, veggie) {
if (veggies.indexOf(veggie) === -1) {
veggies.push(veggie);
console.log('New veggies collection is : ' + veggies);
} else if (veggies.indexOf(veggie) > -1) {
console.log(veggie + ' already exists in the veggies collection.');
}
} var veggies = ['potato', 'tomato', 'chillies', 'green-pepper']; // New veggies collection is : potato,tomato,chillies,green-papper,spinach
updateVegetablesCollection(veggies, 'spinach');
// spinach already exists in the veggies collection.
updateVegetablesCollection(veggies, 'spinach');
//reverse()   颠倒数组中元素的位置。第一个元素会成为最后一个,最后一个会成为第一个   改变原数组

var myArray = ['one', 'two', 'three'];
myArray.reverse();
console.log(myArray) // ['three', 'two', 'one']