hadoop学习笔记(五):java api 操作hdfs

时间:2022-12-05 18:34:31

HDFS的Java访问接口 

  1)org.apache.hadoop.fs.FileSystem
    是一个通用的文件系统API,提供了不同文件系统的统一访问方式。
  2)org.apache.hadoop.fs.Path
    是Hadoop文件系统中统一的文件或目录描述,类似于java.io.File对本地文件系统的文件或目录描述。
  3)org.apache.hadoop.conf.Configuration
    读取、解析配置文件(如core-site.xml/hdfs-default.xml/hdfs-site.xml等),或添加配置的工具类
  4)org.apache.hadoop.fs.FSDataOutputStream
    对Hadoop中数据输出流的统一封装
  5)org.apache.hadoop.fs.FSDataInputStream
    对Hadoop中数据输入流的统一封装

Java访问HDFS主要编程步骤 

 1)构建Configuration对象,读取并解析相关配置文件
    Configuration conf=new Configuration();
  2)设置相关属性
    conf.set("fs.defaultFS","hdfs://1IP:9000");
  3)获取特定文件系统实例fs(以HDFS文件系统实例)
    FileSystem fs=FileSystem.get(new URI("hdfs://IP:9000"),conf,“hdfs");
  4)通过文件系统实例fs进行文件操作(以删除文件实例)
    fs.delete(new Path("/user/liuhl/someWords.txt"));

示例代码

1、新建mave项目:hadoop-hdfs-demo。

pom.xml如下:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion> <groupId>com.hadoop.demo</groupId>
<artifactId>hadoop-hdfs-demo</artifactId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.hadoop</groupId>
<artifactId>hadoop-common</artifactId>
<version>2.8.1</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.hadoop</groupId>
<artifactId>hadoop-client</artifactId>
<version>2.8.1</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.hadoop</groupId>
<artifactId>hadoop-hdfs</artifactId>
<version>2.8.1</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.hadoop</groupId>
<artifactId>hadoop-mapreduce-client-core</artifactId>
<version>2.8.1</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.hadoop</groupId>
<artifactId>hadoop-auth</artifactId>
<version>2.8.1</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>log4j</groupId>
<artifactId>log4j</artifactId>
<version>1.2.17</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>commons-logging</groupId>
<artifactId>commons-logging</artifactId>
<version>1.2</version>
</dependency>

<dependency>
<groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
<artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
<version>1.16.10</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies> </project>

2、新建连接hadoop的类:ConnectHadoop 

import org.apache.hadoop.conf.Configuration;
import org.apache.hadoop.fs.FileSystem; import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.URI;
import java.net.URISyntaxException; public class ConnectHadoop {
public static FileSystem getHadoopFileSystem() {
FileSystem fs = null;
Configuration conf = null;
//此时的conf不需任何设置,只需读取远程的配置文件即可
conf = new Configuration();
// Hadoop的用户名,master机器的登录用户
String hdfsUserName = "root"; URI hdfsUri = null;
try {
// HDFS的访问路径
hdfsUri = new URI("hdfs://192.168.137.100:9000");
} catch (URISyntaxException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} try {
// 根据远程的NN节点,获取配置信息,创建HDFS对象
fs = FileSystem.get(hdfsUri,conf,hdfsUserName);
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} return fs;
} }
hdfs://192.168.137.100:9000,是master节点下的core-site.xml的配置

hadoop学习笔记(五):java api 操作hdfs

3、测试基本操作类:HadoopHdfsBaseOperation

注意:运行过程中会报以下异常,但是程序可以运行成功,所说是本地要放一个hadoop的二进制包,并且要填写HADOOP_HOME

hadoop学习笔记(五):java api 操作hdfs

import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.apache.hadoop.conf.Configuration;
import org.apache.hadoop.fs.*;
import org.apache.hadoop.io.IOUtils; import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.Map; @Slf4j
public class HadoopHdfsBaseOperation {
public static void main(String[] args){
FileSystem fs = ConnectHadoop.getHadoopFileSystem();
try {
//createDir(fs);
//deleteDir(fs);
//renamePath(fs);
//iteratorPath(fs,new Path("/aa"));
//showAllConf();
//printHdfsFileContent(fs);
//uploadLocalFileToHdfs(fs);
//downloadFileFromHdfs(fs);
copyInHdfs(fs);
}catch (Exception e){
log.error("hdfs error,{}",e);
}finally {
try {
fs.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
} } /**
* 创建目录
* @param fs
* @return
*/
public static void createDir(FileSystem fs){
boolean b = false;
Path path = new Path("/hzb");
try {
// even the path exist,it can also create the path.
fs.mkdirs(path);
log.info("mkdir success");
} catch (IOException e) {
log.error("mkdir error,{}",e);
}
} /**
* 删除path,参数true相当于rm -r
* @param fs
* @return
*/
public static void deleteDir(FileSystem fs){
boolean b = false;
Path path = new Path("/xxxx/yyyy");
try {
// even the path exist,it can also create the path.
fs.delete(path,true);
log.info("delete dir success");
} catch (IOException e) {
log.error("delete error,{}",e);
}
} /**
* 删除path,参数true相当于rm -r
* @param fs
* @return
*/
public static void renamePath(FileSystem fs){
boolean b = false;
Path oldPath = new Path("/xxxx");
Path newPath = new Path("/zzzz");
try {
// even the path exist,it can also create the path.
fs.rename(oldPath,newPath);
log.info("rename path success");
} catch (IOException e) {
log.error("rename error,{}",e);
}
} /**
* 遍历文件夹及子文件
* @param hdfs
* @return
*/
public static void iteratorPath(FileSystem hdfs,Path listPath){
FileStatus[] files;
try {
files = hdfs.listStatus(listPath);
// 实际上并不是每个文件夹都会有文件的。
if(files.length == 0){
// 如果不使用toUri(),获取的路径带URL。
log.info("==>root dir:{}",listPath.toUri().getPath());
}else {
// 判断是否为文件
for (FileStatus f : files) {
if (files.length == 0 || f.isFile()) {
log.info("==>file:{}",f.getPath().toUri().getPath());
} else {
// 是文件夹,且非空,就继续遍历
iteratorPath(hdfs, f.getPath());
}
}
}
} catch (IOException e) {
log.error("iteratorPath error,{}",e);
}
} /**
* 读取远程hadoop集群的所有配置文件信息,并以键值对打印出来
*/
public static void showAllConf(){
Configuration conf = new Configuration();
conf.set("fs.defaultFS", "hdfs://192.168.137.100:9000");
Iterator<Map.Entry<String,String>> it = conf.iterator();
log.info("==================================================以下是远程hadoop的配置信息==============");
while(it.hasNext()){
Map.Entry<String,String> entry = it.next();
log.info(entry.getKey()+"=" +entry.getValue());
}
log.info("==================================================以上是远程hadoop的配置信息==============");
} /**
* 将远程hdfs中的test/readme.txt内容读取并打印到console并输出到E
*/
public static void printHdfsFileContent(FileSystem hdfs){
try {
FSDataInputStream is = hdfs.open(new Path("/test/readme.txt"));
OutputStream os = new FileOutputStream(new File("E:/hadooptest/readme.txt"));
byte[] buff = new byte[1024];
int length = 0;
log.info("远程的/test/readme.txt内容如下:=======================》");
while ((length = is.read(buff)) != -1) {
System.out.println(new String(buff, 0, length));
os.write(buff, 0, length);
os.flush();
}
} catch (Exception e){
log.error("printHdfsFileContent error,{}",e);
}
} /**
* 文件上传,将本地的E:/hadooptest/navicat.zip上传到hdfs的/aa
* @param hdfs
*/
public static void uploadLocalFileToHdfs(FileSystem hdfs){
Path HDFSPath = new Path("/aa");
Path localPath = new Path("E:/hadooptest/navicat.zip");
// 如果上传的路径不存在会创建
// 如果该路径文件已存在,就会覆盖
try {
hdfs.copyFromLocalFile(localPath,HDFSPath);
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
log.error("uploadLocalFileToHdfs error,{}",e);
}
} /**
* 文件下载,将hdfs中/aa/navicat.zip文件下载到E:/hadooptest/,经过测试直接使用hdfs.copyToLocalFile下载不下来,所有用文件流来下载
* @param hdfs
*/
public static void downloadFileFromHdfs(FileSystem hdfs){
// Path HDFSPath = new Path("/aa/navicat.zip");
// Path localPath = new Path("E:/hadooptest/");
// try {
// log.info("====================开始下载=======================");
// hdfs.copyToLocalFile(HDFSPath,localPath);
// log.info("====================下载结束=======================");
// } catch (IOException e) {
// e.printStackTrace();
// log.error("downloadFileFromHdfs error,{}",e);
// }
try {
FSDataInputStream ifs = hdfs.open(new Path("/aa/navicat.zip"));
OutputStream os = new FileOutputStream(new File("E:/hadooptest/navicat.zip"));
byte[] buff = new byte[1024];
int length = 0;
log.info("============开始下载=======================》");
while ((length = ifs.read(buff)) != -1) {
os.write(buff, 0, length);
os.flush();
}
} catch (Exception e){
log.error("printHdfsFileContent error,{}",e);
}
} /**
* 在hdfs内部之间复制文件
* 使用FSDataInputStream来打开文件open(Path p)
* 使用FSDataOutputStream开创建写到的路径create(Path p)
* 使用 IOUtils.copyBytes(FSDataInputStream,FSDataOutputStream,int buffer,Boolean isClose)来进行具体的读写
* 说明:
* 1.java中使用缓冲区来加速读取文件,这里也使用了缓冲区,但是只要指定缓冲区大小即可,不必单独设置一个新的数组来接受
* 2.最后一个布尔值表示是否使用完后关闭读写流。通常是false,如果不手动关会报错的
* @param hdfs
*/
public static void copyInHdfs(FileSystem hdfs){
Path inPath = new Path("/aa/navicat.zip");
Path outPath = new Path("/test/navicat.zip");
FSDataInputStream hdfsIn = null;
FSDataOutputStream hdfsOut = null;
try {
hdfsIn = hdfs.open(inPath);
hdfsOut = hdfs.create(outPath);
IOUtils.copyBytes(hdfsIn,hdfsOut,1024*1024*64,false);
} catch (IOException e) {
log.error("copyInHdfs error,{}",e);
}
} }