hadoop2.5.2学习及实践笔记（五）—— HDFS shell命令行常见操作

时间：2022-12-12 11:50:02

附：HDFS shell guide文档地址

http://hadoop.apache.org/docs/r2.5.2/hadoop-project-dist/hadoop-common/FileSystemShell.html

启动HDFS后，输入hadoop fs命令，即可显示HDFS常用命令的用法

[hadoop@localhost hadoop-2.5.]$ hadoop fs

Usage: hadoop fs [generic options]

    [-appendToFile <localsrc> ... <dst>]

    [-cat [-ignoreCrc] <src> ...]

    [-checksum <src> ...]

    [-chgrp [-R] GROUP PATH...]

    [-chmod [-R] <MODE[,MODE]... | OCTALMODE> PATH...]

    [-chown [-R] [OWNER][:[GROUP]] PATH...]

    [-copyFromLocal [-f] [-p] <localsrc> ... <dst>]

    [-copyToLocal [-p] [-ignoreCrc] [-crc] <src> ... <localdst>]

    [-count [-q] <path> ...]

    [-cp [-f] [-p | -p[topax]] <src> ... <dst>]

    [-createSnapshot <snapshotDir> [<snapshotName>]]

    [-deleteSnapshot <snapshotDir> <snapshotName>]

    [-df [-h] [<path> ...]]

    [-du [-s] [-h] <path> ...]

    [-expunge]

    [-get [-p] [-ignoreCrc] [-crc] <src> ... <localdst>]

    [-getfacl [-R] <path>]

    [-getfattr [-R] {-n name | -d} [-e en] <path>]

    [-getmerge [-nl] <src> <localdst>]

    [-help [cmd ...]]

    [-ls [-d] [-h] [-R] [<path> ...]]

    [-mkdir [-p] <path> ...]

    [-moveFromLocal <localsrc> ... <dst>]

    [-moveToLocal <src> <localdst>]

    [-mv <src> ... <dst>]

    [-put [-f] [-p] <localsrc> ... <dst>]

    [-renameSnapshot <snapshotDir> <oldName> <newName>]

    [-rm [-f] [-r|-R] [-skipTrash] <src> ...]

    [-rmdir [--ignore-fail-on-non-empty] <dir> ...]

    [-setfacl [-R] [{-b|-k} {-m|-x <acl_spec>} <path>]|[--set <acl_spec> <path>]]

    [-setfattr {-n name [-v value] | -x name} <path>]

    [-setrep [-R] [-w] <rep> <path> ...]

    [-stat [format] <path> ...]

    [-tail [-f] <file>]

    [-test -[defsz] <path>]

    [-text [-ignoreCrc] <src> ...]

    [-touchz <path> ...]

    [-usage [cmd ...]]

Generic options supported are

-conf <configuration file>     specify an application configuration file

-D <property=value>            use value for given property

-fs <local|namenode:port>      specify a namenode

-jt <local|jobtracker:port>    specify a job tracker

-files <comma separated list of files>    specify comma separated files to be copied to the map reduce cluster

-libjars <comma separated list of jars>    specify comma separated jar files to include in the classpath.

-archives <comma separated list of archives>    specify comma separated archives to be unarchived on the compute machines.

The general command line syntax is

bin/hadoop command [genericOptions] [commandOptions]

>帮助相关命令

  • usage

　　查看命令的用法，例查看ls的用法

[hadoop@localhost hadoop-2.5.]$ hadoop fs -usage ls

Usage: hadoop fs [generic options] -ls [-d] [-h] [-R] [<path> ...]
  • help

　　查看命令的详细帮助，例查看ls命令的帮助：

[hadoop@localhost hadoop-2.5.]$ hadoop fs -help ls

-ls [-d] [-h] [-R] [<path> ...] :

  List the contents that match the specified file pattern. If path is not

  specified, the contents of /user/<currentUser> will be listed. Directory entries

  are of the form:

      permissions - userId groupId sizeOfDirectory(in bytes)

  modificationDate(yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm) directoryName

  and file entries are of the form:

      permissions numberOfReplicas userId groupId sizeOfFile(in bytes)

  modificationDate(yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm) fileName

  -d  Directories are listed as plain files.

  -h  Formats the sizes of files in a human-readable fashion rather than a number

      of bytes.

  -R  Recursively list the contents of directories.

>查看相关命令

  • ls

　　查看文件或目录，下例中：hdfs://localhost:9000是fs.defaultFS配置的值，hdfs://localhost:9000/即表示HDFS文件系统中根目录，如果使用的是HDFS文件系统， 可以简写为/。

[hadoop@localhost hadoop-2.5.]$ hadoop fs -ls  hdfs://localhost:9000/

Found  items

drwxr-xr-x   - hadoop supergroup           -- : hdfs://localhost:9000/input

-rw-r--r--    hadoop supergroup          -- : hdfs://localhost:9000/input1.txt

drwxr-xr-x   - hadoop supergroup           -- : hdfs://localhost:9000/output

[hadoop@localhost hadoop-2.5.]$ hadoop fs -ls /

Found  items

drwxr-xr-x   - hadoop supergroup           -- : /input

-rw-r--r--    hadoop supergroup          -- : /input1.txt

drwxr-xr-x   - hadoop supergroup           -- : /output

　　选项-R：连同子目录的文件一起列出，例：

[hadoop@localhost hadoop-2.5.]$ hadoop fs -ls -R /

drwxr-xr-x   - hadoop supergroup           -- : /input
-rw-r--r--   1 hadoop supergroup         14 2015-03-27 19:19 /input/input1.txt         --子目录下的文件也被列出

-rw-r--r--   1 hadoop supergroup         32 2015-03-27 19:19 /input/input2.txt
-rw-r--r--    hadoop supergroup          -- : /input1.txt

drwxr-xr-x   - hadoop supergroup           -- : /output
  • cat

　　显示文件内容

[hadoop@localhost hadoop-2.5.]$ hadoop fs -cat /input1.txt

hello hadoop!

hello hadoop!
  • text

　　将给定的文件以文本的格式输出，允许的格式zip、TextRecordInputStream、Avro。当文件为文本文件时，等同于cat。例：

[hadoop@localhost hadoop-2.5.]$ hadoop fs -text /input1.txt

hello hadoop!
  • tail

　　显示文件最后1KB的内容

　　选项-f：当文件内容增加时显示追加的内容

  • checksum

　　显示文件的校验和信息。因为需要和存储文件每个块的datanode互相通信，因此对大量的文件使用此命令效率可能会低

[hadoop@localhost hadoop-2.5.]$ hadoop fs -checksum /input.zip

/input.zip        MD5-of-0MD5-of-0CRC32        00000000000000000000000070bc8f4b72a86921468bf8e8441dce51

>文件及目录相关命令

  • touchz

　　创建一个空文件，如果存在指定名称的非空文件，则返回错误

[hadoop@localhost hadoop-2.5.]$ hadoop fs -ls /

Found  items

drwxr-xr-x   - hadoop supergroup           -- : /input

-rw-r--r--    hadoop supergroup         -- : /input1.zip

drwxr-xr-x   - hadoop supergroup           -- : /output

[hadoop@localhost hadoop-2.5.]$ hadoop fs -touchz /input1.zip
touchz: `/input1.zip': Not a zero-length file        --非空时给出错误提示
[hadoop@localhost hadoop-2.5.]$ hadoop fs -touchz /input.zip

[hadoop@localhost hadoop-2.5.]$ hadoop fs -ls /

Found  items

drwxr-xr-x   - hadoop supergroup           -- : /input
-rw-r--r--   1 hadoop supergroup          0 2015-04-02 08:43 /input.zip   --创建成功
-rw-r--r--    hadoop supergroup         -- : /input1.zip

drwxr-xr-x   - hadoop supergroup           -- : /output
  • appendToFile

　　向现有文件中追加内容，例：

[hadoop@localhost hadoop-2.5.]$ hadoop fs -text /input1.txt

hello hadoop!

[hadoop@localhost hadoop-2.5.]$ hadoop fs -appendToFile ~/Desktop/input1.txt /input1.txt

[hadoop@localhost hadoop-2.5.2]$ hadoop fs -text /input1.txt  
hello hadoop!

hello hadoop!   --查看追加后的文件内容
  • put

　　从本地文件系统上传文件到HDFS

[hadoop@localhost hadoop-2.5.]$ hadoop fs -put ~/Desktop/input1.txt /

[hadoop@localhost hadoop-2.5.]$ hadoop fs -text /input1.txt     --查看上传后的文件内容
hello hadoop!

　　选项-f：如果文件已经存在，覆盖已有文件

[hadoop@localhost hadoop-2.5.]$ hadoop fs -put ~/Desktop/input1.txt /

put: `/input1.txt': File exists   --文件已存在时给出错误提示
[hadoop@localhost hadoop-2.5.]$ hadoop fs -put -f ~/Desktop/input1.txt /

[hadoop@localhost hadoop-2.5.2]$     --使用-f选项后没有再报错

　　选项-p：保留原文件的访问、修改时间，用户和组，权限属性

[hadoop@localhost hadoop-2.5.]$ ll ~/input1.txt
-rw-r--r--. 1 hadoop hadoops 28 Mar 31 08:59 /home/hadoop/input1.txt   --本地文件属性

[hadoop@localhost hadoop-2.5.2]$ chmod 777 ~/input1.txt    --修改权限为rwxrwxrwx
[hadoop@localhost hadoop-2.5.]$ hadoop fs -put ~/input1.txt /

[hadoop@localhost hadoop-2.5.]$ hadoop fs -ls /input1.txt
-rw-r--r--   1 hadoop supergroup         28 2015-04-02 05:19 /input1.txt   --不使用-p选项，上传后文件属性
[hadoop@localhost hadoop-2.5.]$ hadoop fs -put -f -p ~/input1.txt /

[hadoop@localhost hadoop-2.5.]$ hadoop fs -ls /input1.txt
-rwxrwxrwx   1 hadoop hadoops         28 2015-03-31 08:59 /input1.txt    --使用-p选项，上传后文件属性
  • get

　　从HDFS上下载文件到本地，与put不同，没有覆盖本地已有文件的选项

[hadoop@localhost hadoop-2.5.]$ hadoop fs -get /input1.txt ~

[hadoop@localhost hadoop-2.5.]$ cat ~/input1.txt  --查看本地下载的文件
hello hadoop!

hellp hadoop!
  • getmerge

　　将指定的HDFS中原目录下的文件合并成一个文件并下载到本地，源文件保留

[hadoop@localhost hadoop-2.5.]$ hadoop fs -text /input/input1.txt
hello hadoop!    --input1.txt内容
[hadoop@localhost hadoop-2.5.]$ hadoop fs -text /input/input2.txt
welcome to the world of hadoop!    --input2.txt内容
[hadoop@localhost hadoop-2.5.]$ hadoop fs -getmerge /input/ ~/merge.txt

[hadoop@localhost hadoop-2.5.]$ cat ~/merge.txt
hello hadoop!        --合并后本地文件的内容

welcome to the world of hadoop!

　　选项-nl：在每个文件的最后增加一个新行

[hadoop@localhost hadoop-2.5.]$ hadoop fs -getmerge -nl /input/ ~/merge.txt

[hadoop@localhost hadoop-2.5.]$ cat ~/merge.txt

hello hadoop!
   --input1.txt增加的新行
welcome to the world of hadoop!
 --input2.txt增加的新行
[hadoop@localhost hadoop-2.5.]$
  • copyFromLocal

　　从本地文件系统上传文件到HDFS，与put命令相同

  • copyToLocal

　　从HDFS下载文件到本地文件系统，与get命令相同

  • moveFromLocal

　　与put命令相同，只是上传成功后本地文件会被删除

  • moveToLocal

　　该命令还未实现

  • mv

　　同linux的mv命令，移动或重命名文件

[hadoop@localhost hadoop-2.5.]$ hadoop fs -ls /

Found  items

drwxr-xr-x   - hadoop supergroup           -- : /input
-rw-r--r--   1 hadoop supergroup        184 2015-03-31 08:14 /input.zip
-rwxrwxrwx    hadoop hadoops             -- : /input1.txt

drwxr-xr-x   - hadoop supergroup           -- : /output

drwxr-xr-x   - hadoop supergroup           -- : /text

[hadoop@localhost hadoop-2.5.]$ hadoop fs -mv /input.zip /input1.zip

[hadoop@localhost hadoop-2.5.]$ hadoop fs -ls /

Found  items

drwxr-xr-x   - hadoop supergroup           -- : /input

-rwxrwxrwx    hadoop hadoops             -- : /input1.txt
-rw-r--r--   1 hadoop supergroup        184 2015-03-31 08:14 /input1.zip  --重命名
drwxr-xr-x   - hadoop supergroup           -- : /output

drwxr-xr-x   - hadoop supergroup           -- : /text

[hadoop@localhost hadoop-2.5.]$ hadoop fs -mv /input1.zip /text/

[hadoop@localhost hadoop-2.5.]$ hadoop fs -ls -R /

drwxr-xr-x   - hadoop supergroup           -- : /input

-rw-r--r--    hadoop supergroup          -- : /input/input1.txt

-rw-r--r--    hadoop supergroup          -- : /input/input2.txt

-rwxrwxrwx    hadoop hadoops             -- : /input1.txt

drwxr-xr-x   - hadoop supergroup           -- : /output

drwxr-xr-x   - hadoop supergroup           -- : /text
-rw-r--r--   1 hadoop supergroup        184 2015-03-31 08:14 /text/input1.zip   --移动文件
  • cp

　　复制文件

[hadoop@localhost hadoop-2.5.]$ hadoop fs -ls -R /

drwxr-xr-x   - hadoop supergroup           -- : /input

-rw-r--r--    hadoop supergroup          -- : /input/input1.txt

-rw-r--r--    hadoop supergroup          -- : /input/input2.txt

-rwxrwxrwx    hadoop hadoops             -- : /input1.txt

-rw-r--r--    hadoop supergroup         -- : /input1.zip

drwxr-xr-x   - hadoop supergroup           -- : /output

drwxr-xr-x   - hadoop supergroup           -- : /text

[hadoop@localhost hadoop-2.5.]$ hadoop fs -cp /input1.txt /input.txt

[hadoop@localhost hadoop-2.5.]$ hadoop fs -ls -R /

drwxr-xr-x   - hadoop supergroup           -- : /input

-rw-r--r--    hadoop supergroup          -- : /input/input1.txt

-rw-r--r--    hadoop supergroup          -- : /input/input2.txt
-rw-r--r--   1 hadoop supergroup         28 2015-04-02 07:31 /input.txt   --新复制文件
-rwxrwxrwx    hadoop hadoops             -- : /input1.txt

-rw-r--r--    hadoop supergroup         -- : /input1.zip

drwxr-xr-x   - hadoop supergroup           -- : /output

drwxr-xr-x   - hadoop supergroup           -- : /text

　　选项-f：如果文件已存在，覆盖已有文件

[hadoop@localhost hadoop-2.5.]$ hadoop fs -cp /input1.txt /input.txt
cp: `/input.txt': File exists     --文件已存在时给出错误提示
[hadoop@localhost hadoop-2.5.]$ hadoop fs -cp -f /input1.txt /input.txt

[hadoop@localhost hadoop-2.5.]$
  • mkdir

　　创建文件夹

[hadoop@localhost hadoop-2.5.]$ hadoop fs -mkdir /text

[hadoop@localhost hadoop-2.5.]$ hadoop fs -ls /

Found  items

drwxr-xr-x   - hadoop supergroup           -- : /input

-rw-r--r--    hadoop supergroup         -- : /input.zip

-rw-r--r--    hadoop supergroup         -- : /input1.txt

drwxr-xr-x   - hadoop supergroup           -- : /output

drwxr-xr-x   - hadoop supergroup           -- : /text

　　选项-p：如果上层目录不存在，递归建立所需目录

[hadoop@localhost hadoop-2.5.]$ hadoop fs -mkdir /text1/text2
mkdir: `/text1/text2': No such file or directory    --上层目录不存在，给出错误提示
[hadoop@localhost hadoop-2.5.]$ hadoop fs -mkdir -p /text1/text2

[hadoop@localhost hadoop-2.5.]$ hadoop fs -ls -R /

drwxr-xr-x   - hadoop supergroup           -- : /input

-rw-r--r--    hadoop supergroup          -- : /input/input1.txt

-rw-r--r--    hadoop supergroup          -- : /input/input2.txt

-rw-r--r--    hadoop supergroup         -- : /input.zip

-rw-r--r--    hadoop supergroup         -- : /input1.txt

drwxr-xr-x   - hadoop supergroup           -- : /output

drwxr-xr-x   - hadoop supergroup           -- : /text

drwxr-xr-x   - hadoop supergroup           -- : /text1
drwxr-xr-x   - hadoop supergroup          0 2015-03-31 08:26 /text1/text2   --使用-p选项，创建成功
  • rm

　　删除文件

[hadoop@localhost hadoop-2.5.]$ hadoop fs -rm /input.zip

// :: INFO fs.TrashPolicyDefault: Namenode trash configuration: Deletion interval =  minutes, Emptier interval =  minutes.

Deleted /input.zip

　　选项-r：递归的删除，可以删除非空目录

[hadoop@localhost hadoop-2.5.]$ hadoop fs -rm /text
rm: `/text': Is a directory    --删除文件夹时，给出错误提示

[hadoop@localhost hadoop-2.5.2]$ hadoop fs -rm -r /text  --使用-r选项，文件夹及文件夹下文件删除成功
// :: INFO fs.TrashPolicyDefault: Namenode trash configuration: Deletion interval =  minutes, Emptier interval =  minutes.

Deleted /text
  • rmdir

　　删除空目录

[hadoop@localhost hadoop-2.5.]$ hadoop fs -ls -R /

drwxr-xr-x   - hadoop supergroup           -- : /input

-rw-r--r--    hadoop supergroup          -- : /input/input1.txt

-rw-r--r--    hadoop supergroup          -- : /input/input2.txt

-rw-r--r--    hadoop supergroup         -- : /input1.zip

drwxr-xr-x   - hadoop supergroup           -- : /output

-rwxrwxrwx    hadoop hadoops             -- : /output/input1.txt

[hadoop@localhost hadoop-2.5.]$ hadoop fs -rmdir /output
rmdir: `/output': Directory is not empty     --不能删除非空目录

　　选项--ignore-fail-on-non-empty：忽略非空删除失败时的提示

[hadoop@localhost hadoop-2.5.]$ hadoop fs -rmdir --ignore-fail-on-non-empty /output

[hadoop@localhost hadoop-2.5.]$ hadoop fs -ls -R /

drwxr-xr-x   - hadoop supergroup           -- : /input

-rw-r--r--    hadoop supergroup          -- : /input/input1.txt

-rw-r--r--    hadoop supergroup          -- : /input/input2.txt

-rw-r--r--    hadoop supergroup         -- : /input1.zip

drwxr-xr-x   - hadoop supergroup          0 2015-04-02 08:34 /output    --不给出错误提示，但文件未删除

-rwxrwxrwx   1 hadoop hadoops            28 2015-03-31 08:59 /output/input1.txt
  • setrep

　　改变一个文件的副本数

[hadoop@localhost hadoop-2.5.]$ hadoop fs -stat %r /input.zip
--原副本数
[hadoop@localhost hadoop-2.5.]$ hadoop fs -setrep   /input.zip

Replication  set: /input.zip

[hadoop@localhost hadoop-2.5.]$ hadoop fs -stat %r /input.zip
--改变后副本数

　　选项-w：命令等待副本数调整完成

[hadoop@localhost hadoop-2.5.]$ hadoop fs -setrep -w  /input.zip

Replication  set: /input.zip

Waiting for /input.zip ... done

[hadoop@localhost hadoop-2.5.]$ hadoop fs -stat %r /input.zip
  • expunge

　　清空回收站

[hadoop@localhost hadoop-2.5.]$ hadoop fs -expunge

// :: INFO fs.TrashPolicyDefault: Namenode trash configuration: Deletion interval =  minutes, Emptier interval =  minutes.
  • chgrp

　　修改文件用户组

[hadoop@localhost hadoop-2.5.]$ hadoop fs -ls -R /

drwxr-xr-x   - hadoop supergroup           -- : /input

-rw-r--r--    hadoop supergroup          -- : /input/input1.txt

-rw-r--r--    hadoop supergroup          -- : /input/input2.txt

-rw-r--r--    hadoop supergroup           -- : /input.zip

-rw-r--r--    hadoop supergroup         -- : /input1.zip
drwxr-xr-x   - hadoop supergroup          0 2015-04-02 08:34 /output                   --文件原用户组

-rwxrwxrwx   1 hadoop hadoops            28 2015-03-31 08:59 /output/input1.txt
[hadoop@localhost hadoop-2.5.]$ hadoop fs -chgrp test /output

[hadoop@localhost hadoop-2.5.]$ hadoop fs -ls -R /

drwxr-xr-x   - hadoop supergroup           -- : /input

-rw-r--r--    hadoop supergroup          -- : /input/input1.txt

-rw-r--r--    hadoop supergroup          -- : /input/input2.txt

-rw-r--r--    hadoop supergroup           -- : /input.zip

-rw-r--r--    hadoop supergroup         -- : /input1.zip

drwxr-xr-x   - hadoop test                0 2015-04-02 08:34 /output                     --修改后的用户组（未建立test组，仍可成功）

-rwxrwxrwx   1 hadoop hadoops            28 2015-03-31 08:59 /output/input1.txt    --目录下文件的用户组未修改

　　选项-R：递归修，如果是目录，则递归的修改其下的文件及目录

[hadoop@localhost hadoop-2.5.]$ hadoop fs -chgrp -R testgrp /output

[hadoop@localhost hadoop-2.5.]$ hadoop fs -ls -R /

drwxr-xr-x   - hadoop supergroup           -- : /input

-rw-r--r--    hadoop supergroup          -- : /input/input1.txt

-rw-r--r--    hadoop supergroup          -- : /input/input2.txt

-rw-r--r--    hadoop supergroup           -- : /input.zip

-rw-r--r--    hadoop supergroup         -- : /input1.zip

drwxr-xr-x   - hadoop testgrp             0 2015-04-02 08:34 /output            --目录及其下文件都被更改

-rwxrwxrwx   1 hadoop testgrp            28 2015-03-31 08:59 /output/input1.txt
  • chmod

　　修改文件权限，权限模式同linux shell命令中的模式

[hadoop@localhost hadoop-2.5.]$ hadoop fs -ls -R /

drwxr-xr-x   - hadoop supergroup           -- : /input

-rw-r--r--    hadoop supergroup          -- : /input/input1.txt

-rw-r--r--    hadoop supergroup          -- : /input/input2.txt

-rw-r--r--    hadoop supergroup           -- : /input.zip

-rw-r--r--    hadoop supergroup         -- : /input1.zip

drwxr-xr-x   - hadoop supergroup          0 2015-04-02 08:34 /output    --文件原权限

-rwxrwxrwx   1 hadoop supergroup         28 2015-03-31 08:59 /output/input1.txt
[hadoop@localhost hadoop-2.5.]$ hadoop fs -chmod  /output

[hadoop@localhost hadoop-2.5.]$ hadoop fs -ls -R /

drwxr-xr-x   - hadoop supergroup           -- : /input

-rw-r--r--    hadoop supergroup          -- : /input/input1.txt

-rw-r--r--    hadoop supergroup          -- : /input/input2.txt

-rw-r--r--    hadoop supergroup           -- : /input.zip

-rw-r--r--    hadoop supergroup         -- : /input1.zip

drwxr-xr--   - hadoop supergroup          0 2015-04-02 08:34 /output      --修改后的权限

-rwxrwxrwx   1 hadoop supergroup         28 2015-03-31 08:59 /output/input1.txt  --目录下文件的权限未修改
[hadoop@localhost hadoop-2.5.]$ hadoop fs -chmod -R  /output

[hadoop@localhost hadoop-2.5.]$ hadoop fs -ls -R /

drwxr-xr-x   - hadoop supergroup           -- : /input

-rw-r--r--    hadoop supergroup          -- : /input/input1.txt

-rw-r--r--    hadoop supergroup          -- : /input/input2.txt

-rw-r--r--    hadoop supergroup           -- : /input.zip

-rw-r--r--    hadoop supergroup         -- : /input1.zip

drwxrwxr-x   - hadoop supergroup          0 2015-04-02 08:34 /output         --目录及其下文件都被更改

-rwxrwxr-x   1 hadoop supergroup         28 2015-03-31 08:59 /output/input1.txt
  • chown

　　修改文件的用户或组

[hadoop@localhost hadoop-2.5.]$ hadoop fs -ls -R /

drwxr-xr-x   - hadoop supergroup           -- : /input

-rw-r--r--    hadoop supergroup          -- : /input/input1.txt

-rw-r--r--    hadoop supergroup          -- : /input/input2.txt

-rw-r--r--    hadoop supergroup           -- : /input.zip

-rw-r--r--    hadoop supergroup         -- : /input1.zip

drwxrwxr-x   - hadoop supergroup          0 2015-04-02 08:34 /output       --文件原用户和组

-rwxrwxr-x   1 hadoop supergroup         28 2015-03-31 08:59 /output/input1.txt
[hadoop@localhost hadoop-2.5.]$ hadoop fs -chown test /output

[hadoop@localhost hadoop-2.5.]$ hadoop fs -ls -R /

drwxr-xr-x   - hadoop supergroup           -- : /input

-rw-r--r--    hadoop supergroup          -- : /input/input1.txt

-rw-r--r--    hadoop supergroup          -- : /input/input2.txt

-rw-r--r--    hadoop supergroup           -- : /input.zip

-rw-r--r--    hadoop supergroup         -- : /input1.zip

drwxrwxr-x   - test   supergroup          0 2015-04-02 08:34 /output           --修改后的用户（未建立test用户，仍可成功）

-rwxrwxr-x   1 hadoop supergroup         28 2015-03-31 08:59 /output/input1.txt    --目录下文件的用户未修改

　　选项-R：递归修改，如果是目录，则递归的修改其下的文件及目录

[hadoop@localhost hadoop-2.5.]$ hadoop fs -chown -R testown:testgrp /output

[hadoop@localhost hadoop-2.5.]$ hadoop fs -ls -R /

drwxr-xr-x   - hadoop  supergroup           -- : /input

-rw-r--r--    hadoop  supergroup          -- : /input/input1.txt

-rw-r--r--    hadoop  supergroup          -- : /input/input2.txt

-rw-r--r--    hadoop  supergroup           -- : /input.zip

-rw-r--r--    hadoop  supergroup         -- : /input1.zip

drwxrwxr-x   - testown testgrp             0 2015-04-02 08:34 /output       --目录及其下文件都被更改

-rwxrwxr-x   1 testown testgrp            28 2015-03-31 08:59 /output/input1.txt
  • getfacl

　　显示访问控制列表ACLs(Access Control Lists)

[hadoop@localhost bin]$ hadoop fs -getfacl /input.zip

# file: /input.zip

# owner: hadoop

# group: supergroup

user::rw-

group::r--

other::r--

　　选项-R：递归显示

[hadoop@localhost bin]$ hadoop fs -getfacl -R /input

# file: /input

# owner: hadoop

# group: supergroup

user::rwx

group::r-x

other::r-x

# file: /input/input1.txt

# owner: hadoop

# group: supergroup

user::rw-

group::r--

other::r--

# file: /input/input2.txt

# owner: hadoop

# group: supergroup

user::rw-

group::r--

other::r--
  • setfacl

　　设置访问控制列表，acls默认未开启，直接使用该命令会报错

[hadoop@localhost bin]$ hadoop fs -setfacl -b /output/input1.txt

setfacl: The ACL operation has been rejected.  Support for ACLs has been disabled by setting dfs.namenode.acls.enabled to false.

　　开启acls，配置hdfs-site.xml

[hadoop@localhost hadoop-2.5.]$ vi etc/hadoop/hdfs-site.xml

<property>

    <name>dfs.namenode.acls.enabled</name>

    <value>true</value>

</property>

　　选项-m：修改acls

[hadoop@localhost hadoop-2.5.]$ hadoop fs -getfacl /output/input1.txt

# file: /output/input1.txt

# owner: testown

# group: testgrp

user::rwx

group::rwx

other::r-x

[hadoop@localhost hadoop-2.5.]$ hadoop fs -setfacl -m user::rw-,user:hadoop:rw-,group::r--,other::r-- /output/input1.txt

[hadoop@localhost hadoop-2.5.]$ hadoop fs -getfacl /output/input1.txt

# file: /output/input1.txt

# owner: testown

# group: testgrp

user::rw-

user:hadoop:rw-

group::r--

mask::rw-

other::r--

　　选项-x：删除指定规则

[hadoop@localhost hadoop-2.5.]$ hadoop fs -setfacl -m user::rw-,user:hadoop:rw-,group::r--,other::r-- /output/input1.txt

[hadoop@localhost hadoop-2.5.]$ hadoop fs -getfacl /output/input1.txt

# file: /output/input1.txt

# owner: testown

# group: testgrp

user::rw-

user:hadoop:rw-

group::r--

mask::rw-

other::r--

[hadoop@localhost hadoop-2.5.]$ hadoop fs -setfacl -x user:hadoop /output/input1.txt

[hadoop@localhost hadoop-2.5.]$ hadoop fs -getfacl /output/input1.txt

# file: /output/input1.txt

# owner: testown

# group: testgrp

user::rw-

group::r--

mask::r--

other::r--

　　以下选项未做实验

　　选项-b：基本的acl规则(所有者，群组，其他）被保留，其他规则全部删除.

　　选项-k：删除缺省规则

  • setfattr

　　设置扩展属性的名称和值

　　选项-n：属性名称      选项-v：属性值

[hadoop@localhost hadoop-2.5.]$ hadoop fs -getfattr -d /input.zip

# file: /input.zip

[hadoop@localhost hadoop-2.5.]$ hadoop fs -setfattr -n user.web -v www.baidu.com /input.zip

[hadoop@localhost hadoop-2.5.]$ hadoop fs -getfattr -d /input.zip

# file: /input.zip

user.web="www.baidu.com"

　　选项-x：删除扩展属性

[hadoop@localhost hadoop-2.5.]$ hadoop fs -getfattr -d /input.zip

# file: /input.zip

user.web="www.baidu.com"

[hadoop@localhost hadoop-2.5.]$ hadoop fs -setfattr -x user.web /input.zip

[hadoop@localhost hadoop-2.5.]$ hadoop fs -getfattr -d /input.zip

# file: /input.zip
  • getfattr

　　显示扩展属性的名称和值

[hadoop@localhost hadoop-2.5.]$ hadoop fs -getfattr -d /input.zip

# file: /input.zip

user.web="www.baidu.com"

user.web2="www.google.com"

　　选项-n：显示指定名称的属性值

[hadoop@localhost hadoop-2.5.]$ hadoop fs -getfattr -n user.web /input.zip# file: /input.zip

user.web="www.baidu.com"

>统计相关命令

  • count

显示指定文件或目录的：DIR_COUNT、FILE_COUNT、CONTENT_SIZE、 FILE_NAME，分别表示：子目录个数(如果指定路径是目录，则包含该目录本身)、文件个数、使用字节个数，以及文件或目录名。

[hadoop@localhost hadoop-2.5.]$ hadoop fs -ls -R /

drwxr-xr-x   - hadoop supergroup           -- : /input

-rw-r--r--    hadoop supergroup          -- : /input/input1.txt

-rw-r--r--    hadoop supergroup          -- : /input/input2.txt

-rw-r--r--    hadoop supergroup          -- : /input.txt

-rwxrwxrwx    hadoop hadoops             -- : /input1.txt

-rw-r--r--    hadoop supergroup         -- : /input1.zip

drwxr-xr-x   - hadoop supergroup           -- : /output

drwxr-xr-x   - hadoop supergroup           -- : /text

[hadoop@localhost hadoop-2.5.]$ hadoop fs -count /

                                        /

　　选项-q：显示配额信息（在多人共用的情况下，可以通过限制用户写入目录，并设置目录的quota ，防止不小心就把所有的空间用完造成别人无法存取的情况）。配额信息包括：QUOTA、REMAINING_QUOTA、SPACE_QUOTA、REMAINING_SPACE_QUOTA，分别表示某个目录下档案及目录的总数、剩余目录或文档数量、目录下空间的大小、目录下剩余空间。

　　计算公式：

　　QUOTA – (DIR_COUNT + FILE_COUNT) = REMAINING_QUOTA；

　　SPACE_QUOTA – CONTENT_SIZE = REMAINING_SPACE_QUOTA。

　　none和inf表示未配置。

[hadoop@localhost hadoop-2.5.]$ hadoop fs -count -q /

             none             inf                                         /
  • du

　　显示文件大小，如果指定目录，会显示该目录中每个文件的大小

[hadoop@localhost hadoop-2.5.]$ hadoop fs -ls -R /

drwxr-xr-x   - hadoop supergroup           -- : /input

-rw-r--r--    hadoop supergroup          -- : /input/input1.txt

-rw-r--r--    hadoop supergroup          -- : /input/input2.txt

-rw-r--r--    hadoop supergroup          -- : /input.txt

-rwxrwxrwx    hadoop hadoops             -- : /input1.txt

-rw-r--r--    hadoop supergroup         -- : /input1.zip

drwxr-xr-x   - hadoop supergroup           -- : /output

drwxr-xr-x   - hadoop supergroup           -- : /text

[hadoop@localhost hadoop-2.5.]$ hadoop fs -du /

   /input

   /input.txt

   /input1.txt

  /input1.zip

    /output

    /text

　　选项-s：显示总的统计信息，而不是显示每个文件的信息

[hadoop@localhost hadoop-2.5.]$ hadoop fs -du -s /

  /
  • df

　　检查文件系统的磁盘空间占用情况

[hadoop@localhost hadoop-2.5.]$ hadoop fs -df /

Filesystem                    Size   Used   Available  Use%

hdfs://localhost:9000  18713219072  73728  8864460800    0%
  • stat

　　显示文件统计信息。

　　格式： %b - 文件所占的块数； %g - 文件所属的用户组 ；%n - 文件名； %o - 文件块大小；%r - 备份数 ；%u - 文件所属用户；%y - 文件修改时间

[hadoop@localhost hadoop-2.5.]$ hadoop fs -stat %b,%g,%n,%o,%r,%u,%y /input.zip

,supergroup,input.zip,,,hadoop,-- ::

>快照命令

  • createSnapshot

　　创建快照，

　　附：官方文档 http://hadoop.apache.org/docs/r2.5.2/hadoop-project-dist/hadoop-hdfs/HdfsSnapshots.html

　　snapshot(快照)是一个全部文件系统、或者某个目录在某一时刻的镜像。创建动作仅仅是在目录对应的Inode上加个快照的标签，不会涉及到数据块的拷贝操作，也不会对读写性能有影响，但是会占用namenode一定的额外内存来存放快照中被修改的文件和目录的元信息

[hadoop@localhost hadoop-2.5.]$ hadoop fs -ls -R /output

-rwxrwxr-x    testown testgrp          -- : /output/input1.txt

[hadoop@localhost hadoop-2.5.]$ hadoop fs -createSnapshot /output s1
createSnapshot: Directory is not a snapshottable directory: /output   --直接创建给出错误
[hadoop@localhost hadoop-2.5.]$ hdfs dfsadmin -allowSnapshot /output  --对开启某一目录的快照功能
Allowing snaphot on /output succeeded

[hadoop@localhost hadoop-2.5.]$ hadoop fs -createSnapshot /output s1  --创建快照
Created snapshot /output/.snapshot/s1

[hadoop@localhost hadoop-2.5.]$ hadoop fs -ls -R /output

-rwxrwxr-x    testown testgrp          -- : /output/input1.txt

[hadoop@localhost hadoop-2.5.]$ hadoop fs -ls /output/.snapshot/s1

Found  items

-rwxrwxr-x    testown testgrp          -- : /output/.snapshot/s1/input1.txt  --查看快照
  • renameSnapshot

　　重命名快照

[hadoop@localhost hadoop-2.5.]$ hadoop fs -ls /output/.snapshot/s1Found  items
-rwxrwxr-x   1 testown testgrp         28 2015-03-31 08:59 /output/.snapshot/s1/input1.txt  --原快照
[hadoop@localhost hadoop-2.5.]$ hadoop fs -renameSnapshot /output/ s1 s2[hadoop@localhost hadoop-2.5.]$ hadoop fs -ls /output/.snapshot/s2

Found  items
-rwxrwxr-x   1 testown testgrp         28 2015-03-31 08:59 /output/.snapshot/s2/input1.txt    --新快照
  • deleteSnapshot

　　删除快照

[hadoop@localhost hadoop-2.5.]$ hadoop fs -ls /output/.snapshot/s2

Found  items

-rwxrwxr-x    testown testgrp          -- : /output/.snapshot/s2/input1.txt

[hadoop@localhost hadoop-2.5.]$ hadoop fs -deleteSnapshot /output/ s2

[hadoop@localhost hadoop-2.5.]$ hadoop fs -ls /output/.snapshot/s2

ls: `/output/.snapshot/s2': No such file or directory

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