1.分分钟扒一个网页下来
怎样扒网页呢？其实就是根据URL来获取它的网页信息，虽然我们在浏览器中看到的是一幅幅优美的画面，但是其实是由浏览器解释才呈现出来的，实质它是一段HTML代码，加 JS、CSS，如果把网页比作一个人，那么HTML便是他的骨架，JS便是他的肌肉，CSS便是它的衣服。所以最重要的部分是存在于HTML中的，下面我们就写个例子来扒一个网页下来。
import urllib2
request = urllib2.Request("http://www.baidu.com")
reponse = urllib2.urlopen(request)
print reponse.read()
var _chrome_37_fix = document.createElement("style");
_chrome_37_fix.type="text/css";
_chrome_37_fix.setAttribute("data-for","result");
_chrome_37_fix.innerHTML = ".t,.f16,#kw,.s_ipt,.c-title,.c-title-size,.to_zhidao,.to_tieba,.to_zhidao_bottom{font-size:15px;} .ec-hospital-info-main h2,.ad-widget-gx_sck-ylzx-doctor-info h2,.ec-card-main h2,.ad-widget-h1 h2,.ad-widget-title h2,.ad-widget-small-head h2,.ad-widget-small-head h2 a,.ad-widget-header .ec-figcaption h2{font-size: 15px !important;}";
document.getElementsByTagName("head")[0].appendChild(_chrome_37_fix);
}
</script>
<div id="wrapper" style="display:none;">
<script>if(window.bds&&bds.util&&bds.util.setContainerWidth){bds.util.setContainerWidth();}</script><div id="head"><div class="head_wrapper"><div class="s_form"><div class="s_form_wrapper"><div id="lg"><img hidefocus="true" src="//www.baidu.com/img/bd_logo1.png" width="" height=""></div><a href="/" id="result_logo" onmousedown="return c({'fm':'tab','tab':'logo'})"><img src="//www.baidu.com/img/baidu_jgylogo3.gif" alt="到百度首页" title="到百度首页"></a><form id="form" name="f" action="/s" class="fm"><input type="hidden" name="ie" value="utf-8"><input type="hidden" name="f" value=""><input type="hidden" name="rsv_bp" value=""><input type="hidden" name="rsv_idx" value=""><input type=hidden name=ch value=""><input type=hidden name=tn value="baidu"><input type=hidden name=bar value=""><span class="bg s_ipt_wr"><input id="kw" name="wd" class="s_ipt" value="" maxlength="" autocomplete="off"></span><span class="bg s_btn_wr"><input type="submit" id="su" value="百度一下" class="bg s_btn"></span><span class="tools"><span id="mHolder"><div id="mCon"><span>输入法</span></div><ul id="mMenu"><li><a href="javascript:;" name="ime_hw">手写</a></li><li><a href="javascript:;" name="ime_py">拼音</a></li><li class="ln"></li><li><a href="javascript:;" name="ime_cl">关闭</a></li></ul></span></span><input type="hidden" name="rn" value=""><input type="hidden" name="oq" value=""><input type="hidden" name="rsv_pq" value="a9751a040000edc2"><input type="hidden" name="rsv_t" value="1a36JwX6EYzEBPQCuW35Vnxbm3RooFs3vSI29QpW+rmQhyzyjvBQ3WAH27Y"><input type="hidden" name="rqlang" value="cn"></form><div id="m"></div></div></div><div id="u"><a class="toindex" href="/">百度首页</a><a href="javascript:;" name="tj_settingicon" class="pf">设置<i class="c-icon c-icon-triangle-down"></i></a><a href="https://passport.baidu.com/v2/?login&tpl=mn&u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.baidu.com%2F" name="tj_login" class="lb" onclick="return false;">登录</a></div><div id="u1"><a href="http://www.nuomi.com/?cid=002540" name="tj_trnuomi" class="mnav">糯米</a><a href="http://news.baidu.com" name="tj_trnews" class="mnav">新闻</a><a href="http://www.hao123.com" name="tj_trhao123" class="mnav">hao123</a><a href="http://map.baidu.com" name="tj_trmap" class="mnav">地图</a><a href="http://v.baidu.com" name="tj_trvideo" class="mnav">视频</a><a href="http://tieba.baidu.com" name="tj_trtieba" class="mnav">贴吧</a><a href="https://passport.baidu.com/v2/?login&tpl=mn&u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.baidu.com%2F" name="tj_login" class="lb" onclick="return false;">登录</a><a href="http://www.baidu.com/gaoji/preferences.html" name="tj_settingicon" class="pf">设置</a><a href="http://www.baidu.com/more/" name="tj_briicon" class="bri" style="display: block;">更多产品</a></div></div></div>
<div class="s_tab" id="s_tab">
<b>网页</b><a href="http://news.baidu.com/ns?cl=2&rn=20&tn=news&word=" wdfield="word" onmousedown="return c({'fm':'tab','tab':'news'})">新闻</a><a href="http://tieba.baidu.com/f?kw=&fr=wwwt" wdfield="kw" onmousedown="return c({'fm':'tab','tab':'tieba'})">贴吧</a><a href="http://zhidao.baidu.com/q?ct=17&pn=0&tn=ikaslist&rn=10&word=&fr=wwwt" wdfield="word" onmousedown="return c({'fm':'tab','tab':'zhidao'})">知道</a><a href="http://music.baidu.com/search?fr=ps&ie=utf-8&key=" wdfield="key" onmousedown="return c({'fm':'tab','tab':'music'})">音乐</a><a href="http://image.baidu.com/search/index?tn=baiduimage&ps=1&ct=201326592&lm=-1&cl=2&nc=1&ie=utf-8&word=" wdfield="word" onmousedown="return c({'fm':'tab','tab':'pic'})">图片</a><a href="http://v.baidu.com/v?ct=301989888&rn=20&pn=0&db=0&s=25&ie=utf-8&word=" wdfield="word" onmousedown="return c({'fm':'tab','tab':'video'})">视频</a><a href="http://map.baidu.com/m?word=&fr=ps01000" wdfield="word" onmousedown="return c({'fm':'tab','tab':'map'})">地图</a><a href="http://wenku.baidu.com/search?word=&lm=0&od=0&ie=utf-8" wdfield="word" onmousedown="return c({'fm':'tab','tab':'wenku'})">文库</a><a href="//www.baidu.com/more/" onmousedown="return c({'fm':'tab','tab':'more'})">更多»</a>
</div>
<div class="qrcodeCon">
<div id="qrcode">
<div class="qrcode-item qrcode-item-1">
<div class="qrcode-img"></div>
<div class="qrcode-text">
<p><b>手机百度</b></p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div id="ftCon">
<div class="ftCon-Wrapper"><div id="ftConw"><p id="lh"><a id="setf" href="//www.baidu.com/cache/sethelp/help.html" onmousedown="return ns_c({'fm':'behs','tab':'favorites','pos':0})" target="_blank">把百度设为主页</a><a onmousedown="return ns_c({'fm':'behs','tab':'tj_about'})" href="http://home.baidu.com">关于百度</a><a onmousedown="return ns_c({'fm':'behs','tab':'tj_about_en'})" href="http://ir.baidu.com">About Baidu</a><a onmousedown="return ns_c({'fm':'behs','tab':'tj_tuiguang'})" href="http://e.baidu.com/?refer=888">百度推广</a></p><p id="cp">©2017 Baidu <a href="http://www.baidu.com/duty/" onmousedown="return ns_c({'fm':'behs','tab':'tj_duty'})">使用百度前必读</a> <a href="http://jianyi.baidu.com/" class="cp-feedback" onmousedown="return ns_c({'fm':'behs','tab':'tj_homefb'})">意见反馈</a> 京ICP证030173号 <i class="c-icon-icrlogo"></i> <a id="jgwab" target="_blank" href="http://www.beian.gov.cn/portal/registerSystemInfo?recordcode=11000002000001">京公网安备11000002000001号</a> <i class="c-icon-jgwablogo"></i></p></div></div></div>
<div id="wrapper_wrapper">
</div>
</div>
<div class="c-tips-container" id="c-tips-container"></div>
<script>
window.__async_strategy=2;
//window.__switch_add_mask=false;
</script>
<script>
var bds={
se:{},
su:{
urdata:[],
urSendClick:function(){}
},
util:{},
use:{},
comm : {
domain:"http://www.baidu.com",
ubsurl : "http://sclick.baidu.com/w.gif",
tn:"baidu",
queryEnc:"",
queryId:"",
inter:"",
templateName:"",
sugHost : "http://suggestion.baidu.com/su",
query : "",
qid : "a9751a040000edc2",
cid : "",
sid : "1459_21112_17001_20929",
indexSid : "1459_21112_17001_20929",
stoken : "",
serverTime : "",
user : "",
username : "",
userid : "",
loginAction : [],
useFavo : "",
pinyin : "",
favoOn : "",
cookie : {"BAIDUID":"30EC6C2D9EBB46E5FB786326350BD39E:FG=1","BIDUPSID":"E95F42E62F7AC75675AA34F1D402E7AC","PSTM":"","H_PS_PSSID":"1459_21112_17001_20929","_umeng":"","BDSVRTM":"","BD_HOME":""},
userAgent : "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; zh-CN) AppleWebKit/533.19.4 (KHTML, like Gecko) AdobeAIR/24.0",
curResultNum:"",
rightResultExist:false,
protectNum:0,
zxlNum:0,
pageNum:1,
pageSize:10,
newindex:0,
async:2,
maxPreloadThread:5,
maxPreloadTimes:10,
preloadMouseMoveDistance:5,
switchAddMask:false,
isDebug:false,
ishome : 1,
flagTranslateResult:0,
globalLogFlag:0
,encTn:'1a36JwX6EYzEBPQCuW35Vnxbm3RooFs3vSI29QpW+rmQhyzyjvBQ3WAH27Y' }
};
//防止从结果页打开的页面中通过opener.xxx来影响百度页面
var name,navigate,al_arr=[];
var selfOpen = window.open;eval("var open = selfOpen;");
var isIE=navigator.userAgent.indexOf("MSIE")!=-1&&!window.opera;
var E = bds.ecom= {};
bds.se.mon = {'loadedItems':[],'load':function(){},'srvt':-1};
try {
bds.se.mon.srvt = parseInt(document.cookie.match(new RegExp("(^| )BDSVRTM=([^;]*)(;|$)"))[2]);
document.cookie="BDSVRTM=;expires=Sat, 01 Jan 2000 00:00:00 GMT";
}catch(e){}
//兼容之前一些变量
var
bdUser = bds.comm.user?bds.comm.user:null,
bdQuery = bds.comm.query,
bdUseFavo = bds.comm.useFavo,
bdFavoOn = bds.comm.favoOn,
bdCid = bds.comm.cid,
bdSid = bds.comm.sid,
bdServerTime = bds.comm.serverTime,
bdQid = bds.comm.queryId,
bdstoken = bds.comm.stoken,
login_success = [];
</script>
<script>
/* https域名转换工具 */
bds.util.domain = (function(){
var list = {
"graph.baidu.com": "http://graph.baidu.com",
"p.qiao.baidu.com":"http://p.qiao.baidu.com",
"vse.baidu.com":"http://vse.baidu.com",
"hdpreload.baidu.com":"http://hdpreload.baidu.com",
"lcr.open.baidu.com":"http://lcr.open.baidu.com",
"kankan.baidu.com":"http://kankan.baidu.com",
"xapp.baidu.com":"http://xapp.baidu.com",
"dr.dh.baidu.com":"http://dr.dh.baidu.com",
"xiaodu.baidu.com":"http://xiaodu.baidu.com",
"sensearch.baidu.com":"http://sensearch.baidu.com",
"s1.bdstatic.com":"http://s1.bdstatic.com",
"olime.baidu.com":"http://olime.baidu.com",
"app.baidu.com":"http://app.baidu.com",
"i.baidu.com":"http://i.baidu.com",
"c.baidu.com":"http://c.baidu.com",
"sclick.baidu.com":"http://sclick.baidu.com",
"nsclick.baidu.com":"http://nsclick.baidu.com",
"sestat.baidu.com":"http://sestat.baidu.com",
"eclick.baidu.com":"http://eclick.baidu.com",
"api.map.baidu.com":"http://api.map.baidu.com",
"ecma.bdimg.com":"http://ecma.bdimg.com",
"ecmb.bdimg.com":"http://ecmb.bdimg.com",
"t1.baidu.com":"http://t1.baidu.com",
"t2.baidu.com":"http://t2.baidu.com",
"t3.baidu.com":"http://t3.baidu.com",
"t10.baidu.com":"http://t10.baidu.com",
"t11.baidu.com":"http://t11.baidu.com",
"t12.baidu.com":"http://t12.baidu.com",
"i7.baidu.com":"http://i7.baidu.com",
"i8.baidu.com":"http://i8.baidu.com",
"i9.baidu.com":"http://i9.baidu.com",
"b1.bdstatic.com":"http://b1.bdstatic.com",
"ss.bdimg.com":"http://ss.bdimg.com",
"opendata.baidu.com":"http://opendata.baidu.com",
"api.open.baidu.com":"http://api.open.baidu.com",
"tag.baidu.com":"http://tag.baidu.com",
"f3.baidu.com":"http://f3.baidu.com",
"s.share.baidu.com":"http://s.share.baidu.com",
"bdimg.share.baidu.com":"http://bdimg.share.baidu.com",
"1.su.bdimg.com":"http://1.su.bdimg.com",
"2.su.bdimg.com":"http://2.su.bdimg.com",
"3.su.bdimg.com":"http://3.su.bdimg.com",
"4.su.bdimg.com":"http://4.su.bdimg.com",
"5.su.bdimg.com":"http://5.su.bdimg.com",
"6.su.bdimg.com":"http://6.su.bdimg.com",
"7.su.bdimg.com":"http://7.su.bdimg.com",
"8.su.bdimg.com":"http://8.su.bdimg.com"
};
var get = function(url) {
if(location.protocol === "http") {
return url;
}
var reg = /^(http[s]?:\/\/)?([^\/]+)(.*)/,
matches = url.match(reg);
/* 判断传入参数是域名还是地址，分别做处理 */
url = list.hasOwnProperty(matches[2])&&(list[matches[2]] + matches[3]) || url;
return url;
},
set = function(kdomain,vdomain) {
list[kdomain] = vdomain;
};
return {
get : get,
set : set
}
})();
</script>
<script>
//让用户更快看到首页
if(!location.hash.match(/[^a-zA-Z0-9]wd=/)){
document.getElementById("wrapper").style.display='block';
setTimeout(function(){
try{
var kw=document.getElementById("kw");
kw.focus();
kw.parentNode.className="bg s_ipt_wr iptfocus quickdelete-wrap";
}catch(e){}
},0);
}
</script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="http://s1.bdstatic.com/r/www/cache/static/jquery/jquery-1.10.2.min_65682a2.js"></script>
<script>
(function(){
var result_common_css="<style data-for=\"result\" id=\"css_result\" type=\"text\/css\">body{color:#333;background:#fff;padding:6px 0 0;margin:0;position:relative;min-width:900px}body,th,td,.p1,.p2{font-family:arial}p,form,ol,ul,li,dl,dt,dd,h3{margin:0;padding:0;list-style:none}input{padding-top:0;padding-bottom:0;-moz-box-sizing:border-box;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box;box-sizing:border-box}table,img{border:0}td{font-size:9pt;line-height:18px}em{font-style:normal;color:#c00}a em{text-decoration:underline}cite{font-style:normal;color:green}.m,a.m{color:#666}a.m:visited{color:#606}.g,a.g{color:green}.c{color:#77c}.f14{font-size:14px}.f10{font-size:10.5pt}.f16{font-size:16px}.f13{font-size:13px}.bg{background-image:url(http:\/\/s1.bdstatic.com\/r\/www\/cache\/static\/global\/img\/icons_5859e57.png);_background-image:url(http:\/\/s1.bdstatic.com\/r\/www\/cache\/static\/global\/img\/icons_d5b04cc.gif);background-repeat:no-repeat}#u,#head,#tool,#search,#foot{font-size:12px}.logo{width:117px;height:38px;cursor:pointer}.p1{line-height:120%;margin-left:-12pt}.p2{width:100%;line-height:120%;margin-left:-12pt}#wrapper{_zoom:1}#container{word-break:break-all;word-wrap:break-word}.container_s{width:1002px}.container_l{width:1222px}#content_left{width:636px;float:left;padding-left:35px}#content_right{border-left:1px solid #e1e1e1;float:right}.container_s #content_right{width:271px}.container_l #content_right{width:434px}.content_none{padding-left:35px}#u{color:#999;white-space:nowrap;position:absolute;right:10px;top:4px;z-index:299}#u a{color:#00c;margin:0 5px}#u .reg{margin:0}#u .last{margin-right:0}#u .un{font-weight:700;margin-right:5px}#u ul{width:100%;background:#fff;border:1px solid #9b9b9b}#u li{height:25px}#u li a{width:100%;height:25px;line-height:25px;display:block;text-align:left;text-decoration:none;text-indent:6px;margin:0;filter:none\\9}#u li a:hover{background:#ebebeb}#u li.nl{border-top:1px solid #ebebeb}#user{display:inline-block}#user_center{position:relative;display:inline-block}#user_center .user_center_btn{margin-right:5px}.userMenu{width:64px;position:absolute;right:7px;_right:2px;top:15px;top:14px\\9;*top:15px;padding-top:4px;display:none;*background:#fff}#head{padding-left:35px;margin-bottom:20px;width:900px}.fm{clear:both;position:relative;z-index:297}.nv a,.nv b,.btn,#page,#more{font-size:14px}.s_nav{height:45px}.s_nav .s_logo{margin-right:20px;float:left}.s_nav .s_logo img{border:0;display:block}.s_tab{line-height:18px;padding:20px 0 0;float:left}.s_nav a{color:#00c;font-size:14px}.s_nav b{font-size:14px}.s_ipt_wr{width:536px;height:30px;display:inline-block;margin-right:5px;background-position:0 -96px;border:1px solid #b6b6b6;border-color:#7b7b7b #b6b6b6 #b6b6b6 #7b7b7b;vertical-align:top}.s_ipt{width:523px;height:22px;font:16px\/18px arial;line-height:22px\\9;margin:5px 0 0 7px;padding:0;background:#fff;border:0;outline:0;-webkit-appearance:none}.s_btn{width:95px;height:32px;padding-top:2px\\9;font-size:14px;padding:0;background-color:#ddd;background-position:0 -48px;border:0;cursor:pointer}.s_btn_h{background-position:-240px -48px}.s_btn_wr{width:97px;height:34px;display:inline-block;background-position:-120px -48px;*position:relative;z-index:0;vertical-align:top}.sethf{padding:0;margin:0;font-size:14px}.set_h{display:none;behavior:url(#default#homepage)}.set_f{display:none}.shouji{margin-left:19px}.shouji a{text-decoration:none}#head .bdsug{top:33px}#search form{position:relative}#search form .bdsug{bottom:33px}.bdsug{display:none;position:absolute;z-index:1;width:538px;background:#fff;border:1px solid #ccc;_overflow:hidden;box-shadow:1px 1px 3px #ededed;-webkit-box-shadow:1px 1px 3px #ededed;-moz-box-shadow:1px 1px 3px #ededed;-o-box-shadow:1px 1px 3px #ededed}.bdsug.bdsugbg ul{background:url(http:\/\/s1.bdstatic.com\/r\/www\/cache\/static\/home\/img\/sugbg_1762fe7.png) 100% 100% no-repeat;background-size:100px 110px;background-image:url(http:\/\/s1.bdstatic.com\/r\/www\/cache\/static\/home\/img\/sugbg_90fc9cf.gif)\\9}.bdsug li{width:522px;color:#000;font:14px arial;line-height:22px;padding:0 8px;position:relative;cursor:default}.bdsug li.bdsug-s{background:#f0f0f0}.bdsug-store 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2.分析扒网页的方法
那么我们来分析这两行代码，第一行
request = urllib2.Request("http://www.baidu.com")
首先调用的是urllib2库里面的urlopen方法，传入一个URL，这个网址是百度首页，协议是HTTP协议，当然你也可以把HTTP换做FTP,FILE,HTTPS 等等，只是代表了一种访问控制协议，urlopen一般接受三个参数，它的参数如下：
urlopen(url, data, timeout)
第一个参数url即为URL，第二个参数data是访问URL时要传送的数据，第三个timeout是设置超时时间。
第二三个参数是可以不传送的，data默认为空None，timeout默认为 socket._GLOBAL_DEFAULT_TIMEOUT
第一个参数URL是必须要传送的，在这个例子里面我们传送了百度的URL，执行urlopen方法之后，返回一个response对象，返回信息便保存在这里面。
print response.read()
response对象有一个read方法，可以返回获取到的网页内容。
如果不加read直接打印会是什么？答案如下：
<addinfourl at 139728495260376 whose fp = <socket._fileobject object at 0x7f1513fb3ad0>>
直接打印出了该对象的描述，所以记得一定要加read方法
3.构造Request
其实上面的urlopen参数可以传入一个request请求,其实就是一个Request类的实例，构造时需要传入Url,Data等等的内容。比如上面的两行代码，可以这么改写
import urllib2
request = urllib2.Request("http://www.baidu.com")
response = urllib2.urlopen(request)
print response.read()
运行结果是完全一样的，只不过中间多了一个request对象，推荐大家这么写，因为在构建请求时还需要加入好多内容，通过构建一个request，服务器响应请求得到应答，这样显得逻辑上清晰明确。
4.POST和GET数据传送
上面的程序演示了最基本的网页抓取，不过，现在大多数网站都是动态网页，需要你动态地传递参数给它，它做出对应的响应。所以，在访问时，我们需要传递数据给它。最常见的情况是什么？对了，就是登录注册的时候呀。
把数据用户名和密码传送到一个URL，然后你得到服务器处理之后的响应，这个该怎么办？下面揭晓吧！
数据传送分为POST和GET两种方式，两种方式有什么区别呢？
最重要的区别是GET方式是直接以链接形式访问，链接中包含了所有的参数，当然如果包含了密码的话是一种不安全的选择，不过你可以直观地看到自己提交了什么内容。POST则不会在网址上显示所有的参数，不过如果你想直接查看提交了什么就不太方便了，大家可以酌情选择。
POST方式：
上面我们说了data参数是干嘛的？对了，它就是用在这里的，我们传送的数据就是这个参数data，下面演示一下POST方式。
import urllib
import urllib2 values = {"username":"1016903103@qq.com","password":"XXXX"}
data = urllib.urlencode(values)
url = "https://passport.csdn.net/account/login?from=http://my.csdn.net/my/mycsdn"
request = urllib2.Request(url,data)
response = urllib2.urlopen(request)
print response.read()
引入了urllib库，模拟登陆CSDN，当然上述代码可能登陆不进去，因为CSDN还有个流水号的字段，没有设置全，比较复杂在这里就不写上去了，在此只是说明登录的原理。一般的登录网站一般是这种写法。
我们需要定义一个字典，名字为values，参数我设置了username和password，下面利用urllib的urlencode方法将字典编码，命名为data，构建request时传入两个参数，url和data，运行程序，返回的便是POST后呈现的页面内容。
注意上面字典的定义方式还有一种，下面的写法是等价的
import urllib
import urllib2 values = {}
values['username'] = "1016903103@qq.com"
values['password'] = "XXXX"
data = urllib.urlencode(values)
url = "http://passport.csdn.net/account/login?from=http://my.csdn.net/my/mycsdn"
request = urllib2.Request(url,data)
response = urllib2.urlopen(request)
print response.read()
以上方法便实现了POST方式的传送
GET方式：
至于GET方式我们可以直接把参数写到网址上面，直接构建一个带参数的URL出来即可。
import urllib
import urllib2 values={}
values['username'] = "1016903103@qq.com"
values['password']="XXXX"
data = urllib.urlencode(values)
url = "http://passport.csdn.net/account/login"
geturl = url + "?"+data
request = urllib2.Request(geturl)
response = urllib2.urlopen(request)
print response.read()
print geturl，打印输出一下url，发现其实就是原来的url加？然后加编码后的参数
http://passport.csdn.net/account/login?username=1016903103%40qq.com&password=XXXX
和平常GET访问方式一模一样，这样就实现了数据的GET方式传送。