Python 3.1.1字符串到十六进制。

I am trying to use str.encode() but I get

我正在尝试使用str.encode()，但我得到了。

>>> "hello".encode(hex)
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
TypeError: must be string, not builtin_function_or_method

I have tried a bunch of variations and they seem to all work in Python 2.5.2, so what do I need to do to get them to work in Python 3.1?

我已经尝试了一些变体，它们似乎都在Python 2.5.2中工作，那么我需要做什么才能让它们在Python 3.1中工作呢?

8 个解决方案

#1

The hex codec has been chucked in 3.x. Use binascii instead:

十六进制编解码器已经被扔进了3。x。用binascii代替:

>>> binascii.hexlify(b'hello')
b'68656c6c6f'

#2

You've already got some good answers, but I thought you might be interested in a bit of the background too.

你已经得到了一些不错的答案，但我想你可能也会对一些背景感兴趣。

Firstly you're missing the quotes. It should be:

首先，你错过了引言。应该是:

"hello".encode("hex")

Secondly this codec hasn't been ported to Python 3.1. See here. It seems that they haven't yet decided whether or not these codecs should be included in Python 3 or implemented in a different way.

第二，这个编解码器没有被移植到Python 3.1中。在这里看到的。似乎他们还没有决定是否应该将这些编解码器包含在Python 3中，或者以不同的方式实现。

If you look at the diff file attached to that bug you can see the proposed method of implementing it:

如果你看一下附加到那个bug的diff文件，你可以看到它的实现方法:

import binascii
output = binascii.b2a_hex(input)

#3

binascii methodes are easier by the way

顺便说一下，binascii方法更简单。

>>> import binascii
>>> x=b'test'
>>> x=binascii.hexlify(x)
>>> x
b'74657374'
>>> y=str(x,'ascii')
>>> y
'74657374'
>>> x=binascii.unhexlify(x)
>>> x
b'test'
>>> y=str(x,'ascii')
>>> y
'test'

Hope it helps. :)

希望它可以帮助。:)

#4

In Python 3, encode the string to bytes and use the hex() method, returning a string.

在Python 3中，将字符串编码为字节，并使用hex()方法返回字符串。

s = "hello".encode("utf-8").hex()
s
# '68656c6c6f'

Optionally convert the string back to bytes:

可选地将字符串转换为字节:

b = bytes(s, "utf-8")
b
# b'68656c6c6f'

#5

base64.b16encode and base64.b16decode convert bytes to and from hex and work across all Python versions. The codecs approach also works, but is less straightforward in Python 3.

base64。b16encode和base64。b16decode将字节转换为和从十六进制转换到所有Python版本。codecs方法也有效，但是在Python 3中没有那么简单。

#6

In Python 3, all strings are unicode. Usually, if you encode an unicode object to a string, you use .encode('TEXT_ENCODING'), since hex is not a text encoding, you should use codecs.encode() to handle arbitrary codecs. For example:

在Python 3中，所有字符串都是unicode。通常，如果将unicode对象编码为字符串，则使用.encode('TEXT_ENCODING')，因为十六进制不是文本编码，您应该使用codecs.encode()来处理任意编解码器。例如:

>>>> "hello".encode('hex')
LookupError: 'hex' is not a text encoding; use codecs.encode() to handle arbitrary codecs
>>>> import codecs
>>>> codecs.encode(b"hello", 'hex')
b'68656c6c6f'

Again, since "hello" is unicode, you need to indicate it as a byte string before encoding to hexadecimal. This may be more inline with what your original approach of using the encode method.

同样，因为“hello”是unicode，所以在编码到十六进制之前，需要将它表示为字节字符串。这可能与您使用编码方法的原始方法更加内联。

The differences between binascii.hexlify and codecs.encode are as follow:

binascii之间的区别。hexlify和编解码器。编码是:

• binascii.hexlify

  binascii.hexlify

  Hexadecimal representation of binary data.

  二进制数据的十六进制表示。

  The return value is a bytes object.

  返回值是一个字节对象。

  Type: builtin_function_or_method

  类型:builtin_function_or_method

• codecs.encode

  codecs.encode

  encode(obj, [encoding[,errors]]) -> object

  编码(obj,[编码[、错误]])- >对象

  Encodes obj using the codec registered for encoding. encoding defaults to the default encoding. errors may be given to set a different error handling scheme. Default is 'strict' meaning that encoding errors raise a ValueError. Other possible values are 'ignore', 'replace' and 'xmlcharrefreplace' as well as any other name registered with codecs.register_error that can handle ValueErrors.

  使用注册编码的编解码器编码obj。编码默认为默认编码。可以使用错误设置不同的错误处理方案。默认是“严格”的，这意味着编码错误会引发一个ValueError。其他可能的值是“ignore”、“replace”和“xmlcharfreplace”，以及在codecs中注册的任何其他名称。可以处理ValueErrors的register_error。

  Type: builtin_function_or_method

  类型:builtin_function_or_method

#7

Use hexlify - http://epydoc.sourceforge.net/stdlib/binascii-module.html

使用hexlify - http://epydoc.sourceforge.net/stdlib/binascii-module.html

#8

Yet another method:

另一个方法:

s = 'hello'

h = ''.join([hex(ord(i)) for i in s]);

# outputs: '0x680x650x6c0x6c0x6f'

This basically splits the string into chars, does the conversion through hex(ord(char)), and joins the chars back together. In case you want the result without the prefix 0x then do:

这基本上是将字符串分割成字符，通过十六进制进行转换(ord(char))，并将这些字符连接在一起。如果你想要的结果没有前缀0x那么做:

h = ''.join([str(hex(ord(i)))[2:4] for i in s]);

# outputs: '68656c6c6f'

Tested with Python 3.5.3.

与Python 3.5.3测试。