文件编码格式获取

时间:2022-05-31 17:33:22
using Holworth;
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.IO;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
namespace Holworth
{
    /// <summary>
      /// 用于取得一个文本文件的编码方式(Encoding)。
      /// </summary>
    public class TxtFileEncoding
    {


        public static Encoding GetEncoding(string fileName)
        {
            return GetEncoding(fileName, Encoding.Default);
        }
        /// <summary>
            /// 取得一个文本文件流的编码方式。
            /// </summary>
            /// <param name="stream">文本文件流。</param>
            /// <returns></returns>
        public static Encoding GetEncoding(FileStream stream)
        {
            return GetEncoding(stream, Encoding.Default);
        }
        // <summary>
        /// 取得一个文本文件的编码方式。
            /// </summary>
            /// <param name="fileName">文件名。</param>
            /// <param name="defaultEncoding">默认编码方式。当该方法无法从文件的头部取得有效的前导符时,将返回该编码方式。</param>
            /// <returns></returns>
        public static Encoding GetEncoding(string fileName, Encoding defaultEncoding)
        {
            FileStream fs = new FileStream(fileName, FileMode.Open);
            Encoding targetEncoding = GetEncoding(fs, defaultEncoding);
            fs.Close();
            return targetEncoding;
        }
        /// <summary>
            /// 取得一个文本文件流的编码方式。
            /// </summary>
            /// <param name="stream">文本文件流。</param>
            /// <param name="defaultEncoding">默认编码方式。当该方法无法从文件的头部取得有效的前导符时,将返回该编码方式。</param>
            /// <returns></returns>
        public static Encoding GetEncoding(FileStream stream, Encoding defaultEncoding)
        {
            Encoding targetEncoding = defaultEncoding;
            if (stream != null && stream.Length >= 2)
            {
                //保存文件流的前4个字节
                byte byte1 = 0;
                byte byte2 = 0;
                byte byte3 = 0;
                byte byte4 = 0;
                //保存当前Seek位置
                long origPos = stream.Seek(0, SeekOrigin.Begin);
                stream.Seek(0, SeekOrigin.Begin);
                int nByte = stream.ReadByte();
                byte1 = Convert.ToByte(nByte);
                byte2 = Convert.ToByte(stream.ReadByte());
                if (stream.Length >= 3)
                {
                    byte3 = Convert.ToByte(stream.ReadByte());
                }
                if (stream.Length >= 4)
                {
                    byte4 = Convert.ToByte(stream.ReadByte());
                }
                //根据文件流的前4个字节判断Encoding
                //Unicode {0xFF, 0xFE};
                //BE-Unicode {0xFE, 0xFF};
                //UTF8 = {0xEF, 0xBB, 0xBF};
                if (byte1 == 0xFE && byte2 == 0xFF)//UnicodeBe
                {
                    targetEncoding = Encoding.BigEndianUnicode;
                }
                if (byte1 == 0xFF && byte2 == 0xFE && byte3 != 0xFF)//Unicode
                {
                    targetEncoding = Encoding.Unicode;
                }
                if (byte1 == 0xEF && byte2 == 0xBB && byte3 == 0xBF)//UTF8
                {
                    targetEncoding = Encoding.UTF8;
                }
                //恢复Seek位置    
                stream.Seek(origPos, SeekOrigin.Begin);
            }
            return targetEncoding;
        }
    }
}
namespace ConsoleApplication5
{
    class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {

            string content = "";
            //1. 创建1个文件流对象. 并给这个文件流对象指定操作的文件(路径) 还有指定操作的方式
            FileStream stream = new FileStream(@"c:\users\administrator\documents\visual studio 2015\Projects\ConsoleApplication5\ConsoleApplication5\新建文本文档 (2).txt", FileMode.Open);
            Encoding coding = TxtFileEncoding.GetEncoding(stream);
            //2. 准备1个byte数组 以供文件流对象读取数据并放到这个数组里面.
            byte[] buffer = new byte[stream.Length];
            //3. 调用文件流的读数据方法 将读出来的字节放入到buffer数组中.
            stream.Read(buffer, 0, buffer.Length); //100 1M


            switch (coding.BodyName.ToLower())
            {


                case "utf-8":
                    content = Encoding.UTF8.GetString(buffer);
                    break;
                case "utf-7":
                    content = Encoding.UTF7.GetString(buffer);
                    break;
                case "utf32":
                    content = Encoding.UTF32.GetString(buffer);
                    break;
                case "ascii":
                    content = Encoding.ASCII.GetString(buffer);
                    break;
                case "bigendianunicode":
                case "utf-16be":
                    content = Encoding.BigEndianUnicode.GetString(buffer);
                    break;
                case "default":
                case "gb2312":
                    content = Encoding.Default.GetString(buffer);
                    break;
                case "unicode":
                case "utf-16":
                    content = Encoding.Unicode.GetString(buffer);
                    break;

            }
            stream.Dispose();
        }
    }
}