天气说变就变,马上又变冷了,还好空气不错,阳光也不错,早起上班的车上的人也不多,公司来的同事和昨天一样一样的,可能明天会多一些吧,那就再来学习android吧。学了两个android的组件,这里学习下第三个android的组件,Content Provider内容提供器。
Content Provider向我们提供了在不同应用程序之间的数据共享,比如微信啊,支付宝啊,想要获取手机联系人的信息,而手机联系人是另一个应用程序,那么这时候就需要用到Content Provider了。Content Provider为存储和获取数据提供了统一的接口,对数据进行了封装,我们不用关心数据存储的细节,使用表的形式来组织数据。Android提供了一些默认的ContentProvider,比如音频,视频,图片和通讯录等。
类似于文件,SharedPreferences或者SQLiteDataBase都有一个路径,那么ContentProvider也是有路径的,它的路径由Uri表示,Uri主要包含了两部分的信息,一个是需要操作的ContentProvider,另一个就是对ContentProvider中的什么数据进行操作。一个简单的Uri:
content://com.example.contentprovidertest.provider/person/2
scheme:content://表示,这个是android定义好的,不能改变的
主机名或者authority:com.example.contentprovidertest.provider表示,唯一的,一般指的是包名,
路径:person,表示的是person这个表,2表示id为2。
如果要把上面的字符串转变为uri,那么就要使用Uri类中的parse()方法,如下:
Uri uri=Uri.parse("content://com.example.contentprovidertest.provider/person/2");
这里先来写个例子,用来获取通讯录中的信息吧。新建ContentProviderTest工程,因为模拟器的联系人还没有创建,这里先添加几个好友:
接着我们继续编写代码,先在layout中添加listview,因为通讯录一般都是用listview来实现的。代码如下:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout
xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
android:orientation="vertical"
tools:context="com.example.jared.contentprovidertest.MainActivity"> <ListView
android:id="@+id/contacts"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
android:layout_width="match_parent"/> </LinearLayout>
这里就简单地加了一个listview,接着修改MainAcitivity代码:
package com.example.jared.contentprovidertest; import android.database.Cursor;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.provider.ContactsContract;
import android.support.v7.app.AppCompatActivity;
import android.widget.ArrayAdapter;
import android.widget.ListView; import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List; public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity { private ListView contactViews; ArrayAdapter<String> adapter;
List<String> contactList = new ArrayList<String>(); @Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main); contactViews = (ListView)findViewById(R.id.contacts);
adapter = new ArrayAdapter<String>(this, android.R.layout.simple_list_item_1, contactList);
contactViews.setAdapter(adapter);
readContacts();
} public void readContacts() {
Cursor cursor = null;
try {
cursor = getContentResolver().query(ContactsContract.CommonDataKinds.Phone.CONTENT_URI,
null, null, null, null);
while(cursor.moveToNext()) {
String ContactName = cursor.getString(cursor.getColumnIndex(ContactsContract.CommonDataKinds.Phone.DISPLAY_NAME));
String ContactPhoneNum = cursor.getString(cursor.getColumnIndex(ContactsContract.CommonDataKinds.Phone.NUMBER));
contactList.add(ContactName+'\n'+ContactPhoneNum);
}
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
if(cursor != null){
cursor.close();
}
}
}
}
这里用了string类型的适配器,然后通过cursor来获取联系人名字和电话号码,其中的名字和电话的定义最终也是字符串。
String DISPLAY_NAME = "display_name";
String NUMBER = "number";
这个和数据库的存取很类似,接着在AndroidManifest中添加权限:
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.READ_CONTACTS"/>
然后运行app,效果如下:
由上可知,获得了三个联系人的信息,也就是我们刚保存的信息。
接着学习自定义的ContentProvider,这里借用了dbtest中的MyDBHelper类,新建myContenProvider类,代码如下:
package com.example.jared.contentprovidertest; import android.content.ContentProvider;
import android.content.ContentValues;
import android.content.UriMatcher;
import android.database.Cursor;
import android.database.sqlite.SQLiteDatabase;
import android.net.Uri;
import android.support.annotation.Nullable; /**
* Created by jared on 16/2/15.
*/
public class myContentProvider extends ContentProvider { public static final int PERSON_DIR = 0;
public static final int PERSON_ITEM = 1;
public static final int TEACHER_DIR = 2;
public static final int TEACHER_ITEM = 3; private static UriMatcher uriMatcher;
private static final String AUTHORITY = "com.example.jared.contentprovidertest.provider"; private MyDBHelper myDBHelper; static {
uriMatcher = new UriMatcher(UriMatcher.NO_MATCH);
uriMatcher.addURI(AUTHORITY, "person", PERSON_DIR);
uriMatcher.addURI(AUTHORITY, "person/#", PERSON_ITEM);
uriMatcher.addURI(AUTHORITY, "teacher", TEACHER_DIR);
uriMatcher.addURI(AUTHORITY, "teacher/#", TEACHER_DIR);
}
@Override
public boolean onCreate() {
myDBHelper = new MyDBHelper(getContext(), "PersonStore.db", null, 2);
return true;
} @Override
public int update(Uri uri, ContentValues contentValues, String s, String[] strings) {
SQLiteDatabase db = myDBHelper.getWritableDatabase();
int updateRows = 0;
switch (uriMatcher.match(uri)) {
case PERSON_DIR:
updateRows = db.update("person", contentValues, s, strings);
break;
case PERSON_ITEM:
String personId = uri.getPathSegments().get(1);
updateRows = db.update("person", contentValues, "id = ?", new String[]{personId});
break;
case TEACHER_DIR:
updateRows = db.update("teacher", contentValues, s, strings);
break;
case TEACHER_ITEM:
String teacherId = uri.getPathSegments().get(1);
updateRows = db.update("teacher", contentValues, "id = ?", new String[]{teacherId});
break;
default:
break;
}
return updateRows;
} @Override
public int delete(Uri uri, String s, String[] strings) {
SQLiteDatabase db = myDBHelper.getWritableDatabase();
int deleteRows = 0;
switch (uriMatcher.match(uri)) {
case PERSON_DIR:
deleteRows = db.delete("person", s, strings);
break;
case PERSON_ITEM:
String personId = uri.getPathSegments().get(1);
deleteRows = db.delete("person", "id = ?", new String[]{personId});
break;
case TEACHER_DIR:
deleteRows = db.delete("teacher", s, strings);
break;
case TEACHER_ITEM:
String teacherId = uri.getPathSegments().get(1);
deleteRows = db.delete("teacher", "id = ?", new String[]{teacherId});
break;
default:
break;
}
return deleteRows;
} @Nullable
@Override
public String getType(Uri uri) {
switch (uriMatcher.match(uri)) {
case PERSON_DIR:
return "vnd.android.cursor.dir/vnd."+AUTHORITY+".person";
//break;
case TEACHER_DIR:
return "vnd.android.cursor.dir/vnd."+AUTHORITY+".teacher";
//break;
case PERSON_ITEM:
return "vnd.android.cursor.item/vnd."+AUTHORITY+".person";
//break;
case TEACHER_ITEM:
return "vnd.android.cursor.item/vnd."+AUTHORITY+".teacher";
//break;
default:
break;
}
return null;
} @Nullable
@Override
public Cursor query(Uri uri, String[] strings, String s, String[] strings1, String s1) {
SQLiteDatabase db = myDBHelper.getWritableDatabase();
Cursor cursor = null;
switch (uriMatcher.match(uri)) {
case PERSON_DIR:
cursor = db.query("person", strings, s, strings1, null, null, s1);
break;
case PERSON_ITEM:
String personId = uri.getPathSegments().get(1);
cursor = db.query("person", strings, "id = ?", new String[]{personId}, null, null, s1);
break;
case TEACHER_DIR:
cursor = db.query("teacher", strings, s, strings1, null, null, s1);
break;
case TEACHER_ITEM:
String teacherId = uri.getPathSegments().get(1);
cursor = db.query("teacher", strings, "id = ?", new String[]{teacherId}, null, null, s1);
break;
default:
break;
}
return cursor;
} @Nullable
@Override
public Uri insert(Uri uri, ContentValues contentValues) {
SQLiteDatabase db = myDBHelper.getWritableDatabase();
Uri uriReturn = null;
switch (uriMatcher.match(uri)) {
case PERSON_DIR:
case PERSON_ITEM:
long newPersonId = db.insert("person", null, contentValues);
uriReturn = Uri.parse("content://"+AUTHORITY+"/person/"+newPersonId);
break;
case TEACHER_DIR:
case TEACHER_ITEM:
long newTeacherId = db.insert("teacher", null, contentValues);
uriReturn = Uri.parse("content://"+AUTHORITY+"teacher"+newTeacherId);
break;
default:
break;
}
return uriReturn;
}
}
这里基本上和数据库的操作没什么不同,就是需要注意AUTHORITY需要在AndroidManifest中注册。
通过UriMatcher来匹配uri,然后通过Uri.parse解析uri。此外这里又重写了onCreate方法,update方法,delete方法。getType方法,query方法,insert方法。其中onCreate方法主要是创建数据库,update为更新数据,delete是删除数据,query是查询数据,insert为插入数据,基本和数据库的操作很类似。
getType方法主要是获取Uri对象的MIME类型
如果以路径结尾的话,那么就是:vnd.android.cursor.dir/vnd.+authoriry+.path;
如果以id结尾的话,那么就是:vnd.android.cursor.item/vnd.+authoriry+.path;
接着就是AndroidManifest了,代码如下:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
package="com.example.jared.contentprovidertest" > <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.READ_CONTACTS"/> <application
android:allowBackup="true"
android:icon="@mipmap/ic_launcher"
android:label="@string/app_name"
android:supportsRtl="true"
android:theme="@style/AppTheme" >
<activity android:name=".MainActivity" >
<intent-filter>
<action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" /> <category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" />
</intent-filter>
</activity>
<provider
android:name=".myContentProvider"
android:exported="true"
android:authorities="com.example.jared.contentprovidertest.provider">
</provider>
</application> </manifest>
这里需要添加provider,其中android:name属性是类名。android:exported属性表示对外暴露,所以需要为true。android:authorities属性表示的是authority,也就是上面代码的那个authority,必须一致。这样基本上就ok了。
接着我们创建一个ContentProviderTest2工程,用来获取,操作ContentProviderTest的内容。layout就参考了dbtest的工程的代码:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout
xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
android:orientation="vertical">
<Button
android:id="@+id/createDB"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="创建数据库" /> <LinearLayout
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content">
<Button
android:id="@+id/addData"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="添加数据"/>
<Button
android:id="@+id/updateData"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="更新数据"/>
<Button
android:id="@+id/delData"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="删除数据"/>
<Button
android:id="@+id/queryData"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="查询数据"/>
</LinearLayout> </LinearLayout>
接着编写代码实现各个按钮的功能:
package com.example.jared.contentprovidertest2; import android.content.ContentValues;
import android.database.Cursor;
import android.net.Uri;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.support.v7.app.AppCompatActivity;
import android.util.Log;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.Button; public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity { private static final String TAB = "MainActivity"; private Button addDataBtn;
private Button deleteDataBtn;
private Button updateDataBtn;
private Button queryDataBtn; public String id1, id2;
private static final String PERSON_URI = "content://com.example.jared.contentprovidertest.provider/person"; @Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main); addDataBtn = (Button)findViewById(R.id.addData);
addDataBtn.setOnClickListener(new myOnClickListener()); deleteDataBtn = (Button)findViewById(R.id.delData);
deleteDataBtn.setOnClickListener(new myOnClickListener()); updateDataBtn = (Button)findViewById(R.id.updateData);
updateDataBtn.setOnClickListener(new myOnClickListener()); queryDataBtn = (Button)findViewById(R.id.queryData);
queryDataBtn.setOnClickListener(new myOnClickListener()); } private class myOnClickListener implements View.OnClickListener {
@Override
public void onClick(View view) {
switch (view.getId()) {
case R.id.addData:
id1 = setAddDataBtn("xiao ming", 20, 172.5, "man");
id2 = setAddDataBtn("xiao hong", 22, 162.5, "woman");
break;
case R.id.delData:
setDeleteDataBtn(id1);
break;
case R.id.updateData:
setUpdateDataBtn(id1, 175.0);
break;
case R.id.queryData:
setQueryDataBtn();
break;
default:
break;
}
}
} public void setQueryDataBtn() {
Uri uri = Uri.parse(PERSON_URI);
Cursor cursor = getContentResolver().query(uri, null, null, null, null);
if(cursor != null) {
while (cursor.moveToNext()) {
String personName = cursor.getString(cursor.getColumnIndex("name"));
int personAge = cursor.getInt(cursor.getColumnIndex("age"));
double personHeight = cursor.getDouble(cursor.getColumnIndex("height"));
String personSex = cursor.getString(cursor.getColumnIndex("sex")); Log.d(TAB, "name:"+personName + " |age:"+personAge + " |height:"
+personHeight + " |sex:"+personSex);
}
cursor.close();
}
} public void setUpdateDataBtn(String id, double height) {
Uri uri = Uri.parse(PERSON_URI+"/"+id);
ContentValues values = new ContentValues();
values.put("height", height);
getContentResolver().update(uri, values, null, null);
} public void setDeleteDataBtn(String id) {
Uri uri = Uri.parse(PERSON_URI+"/"+id);
getContentResolver().delete(uri, null, null);
} public String setAddDataBtn(String name, int age, double height, String sex) {
Uri uri = Uri.parse(PERSON_URI);
ContentValues values = new ContentValues();
values.put("name", name);
values.put("age", age);
values.put("height", height);
values.put("sex", sex);
Uri newUri = getContentResolver().insert(uri, values);
return newUri.getPathSegments().get(1);
}
}
这里基本上都是先把字符串转换为Uri,然后通过getContentResolver()类的方法来实现各个功能,准备好代码后,我们继续运行看下效果:
首先是添加功能:按添加按钮再按查询,查看log信息如下:
02-15 03:47:53.730 17319-17319/com.example.jared.contentprovidertest2 D/MainActivity: name:xiao ming |age:20 |height:172.5 |sex:man
02-15 03:47:53.780 17319-17319/com.example.jared.contentprovidertest2 D/MainActivity: name:xiao hong |age:22 |height:162.5 |sex:woman
已经添加了数据,然后是更新功能:按更新按钮再按查询,查看log信息如下:
02-15 03:49:33.210 17319-17319/com.example.jared.contentprovidertest2 D/MainActivity: name:xiao ming |age:20 |height:175.0 |sex:man
02-15 03:49:33.210 17319-17319/com.example.jared.contentprovidertest2 D/MainActivity: name:xiao hong |age:22 |height:162.5 |sex:woman
已经更新身高为175.0了,然后是删除功能:按删除按钮再按查询,查看log信息如下:
02-15 03:50:46.650 17319-17319/com.example.jared.contentprovidertest2 D/MainActivity: name:xiao hong |age:22 |height:162.5 |sex:woman
查询功能已经在上面的多次操作中用过了,基本*问另外一个app数据的功能也实现了。ContentProvider就先学到这里了,继续学习别的内容!