Spring MVC简介 2.5 Spring MVC执行的流程

时间:2022-04-21 16:29:58
package org.fkit.controller;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse; import org.apache.commons.logging.Log;
import org.apache.commons.logging.LogFactory;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.Controller; /**
* HelloController是一个实现Controller接口的控制器,
* 可以处理一个单一的请求动作
*/ public class HelloController implements Controller{
private static final Log logger = LogFactory
.getLog(HelloController.class);
/**
* handleRequest是Controller接口必须实现的方法
* 该方法的参数是对应请求的HttpServletRequest和HttpServletResponse
* 该方法必须返回一个包含视图名或视图路径和模型的ModelAndView对象。
*/
public ModelAndView handleRequest(HttpServletRequest request,
HttpServletResponse response) throws Exception {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
logger.info("handleRequest 被调用");
// 创建准备返回的ModelAndView对象,该对象通常包含了返回视图名、模型的名称以及模型对象
ModelAndView mv = new ModelAndView();
// 添加模型数据,可以是任意的POJO对象
mv.addObject("message", "Hello World!");
//设置逻辑视图名,视图解析器会根据该名字解析到具体的视图页面
mv.setViewName("/WEB-INF/content/welcome.jsp");
//返回ModelAndView对象。
return mv;
} }
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app version="2.5"
xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee
http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd">
<!-- 定义Spring MVC的前端控制器 -->
<servlet>
<servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>
org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet
</servlet-class>
<init-param>
<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
<param-value>/WEB-INF/springmvc-config.xml</param-value>
</init-param>
<load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
</servlet>
<!-- 让Spring MVC的前端控制器拦截所有请求 -->
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
</web-app>
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-4.2.xsd">
<!-- 配置Handle,映射"/hello"请求 -->
<bean name="/hello" class="org.fkit.controller.HelloController"></bean> <!-- 处理映射器将bean的name作为url进行查找,需要在配置Handle时指定name(即url) -->
<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.BeanNameUrlHandlerMapping"></bean> <!-- SimpleControllerHandlerAdapter是一个处理器适配器,所有处理适配器都要实现 HandlerAdapter接口 -->
<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.SimpleControllerHandlerAdapter">
</bean> <!-- 视图解析器 -->
<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver"></bean>
</beans>
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<title>欢迎页面</title>
</head>
<body>
<!-- 页面可以访问Controller传递出来的message -->
${requestScope.message}</body>
</html>

示例:基于注解的控制器

package org.fkit.controller;

import org.apache.commons.logging.Log;
import org.apache.commons.logging.LogFactory;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView; /**
* HelloController是一个基于注解的控制器,
* 可以同时处理多个请求动作,并且无须实现任何接口。
* org.springframework.stereotype.Controller注解用于指示该类是一个控制器
* @author zhongzh
*
*/
@Controller
public class HelloController {
private static final Log logger = LogFactory.getLog(HelloController.class);
/**
* org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping注解
* 用来映射请求的URL和请求的方法等。本例用来映射"/hello"
* hello只是一个普通方法。
* 该方法返回一个包含视图名或视图名和模型的ModelAndView对象。
*/
@RequestMapping(value="/hello")
public ModelAndView hello() {
logger.info("hello方法 被调用");
// 创建准备返回的ModelAndView对象,该对象通常包含了返回视图名、模型的名称以及模型对象
ModelAndView mv = new ModelAndView(); //添加模型数据,可以是任意的POJO对象
mv.addObject("message", "Hello World!");
// 设置逻辑视图名,视图解析器会根据该名字解析到具体的视图页面
mv.setViewName("/WEB-INF/content/welcome.jsp");
// 返回ModelAndView对象。
return mv; } }
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!--
<web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee" xmlns:web="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd" xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd" version="2.5">
-->
<web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee" xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_1.xsd" id="WebApp_ID" version="3.1">
<!-- 定义Spring MVC的前端控制器 -->
<servlet>
<servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>
org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet
</servlet-class>
<init-param>
<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
<param-value>/WEB-INF/springmvc-config.xml</param-value>
</init-param>
<load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
</servlet>
<!-- 让Spring MVC的前端控制器拦截所有请求-->
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
</web-app>
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xsi:schemaLocation="
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-4.2.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc
http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-4.2.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.2.xsd"> <!-- spring可以自动去扫描base-pack 下面的包或者子包下面的Java文件,
如果扫描到有Spring的相关注解的类,则把这些类注册为Spring的bean
-->
<context:component-scan base-package="org.fkit.controller"></context:component-scan> <!-- 配置annotation类型的处理映射器 -->
<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.method.annotation.RequestMappingHandlerMapping"> </bean> <!-- 配置annotation类型的处理器适配器 -->
<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.method.annotation.RequestMappingHandlerAdapter"> </bean> <!-- 视图解析器 -->
<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver"></bean> </beans>
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<title>welcome</title>
</head>
<body>
<!-- 页面可以访问Controller传递出来的message-->
${requestScope.message}
</body>
</html>