js数组中indexOf/filter/forEach/map/reduce详解

时间:2021-01-04 14:35:46

今天在网上看到一篇帖子,如题:

出处:前端开发博客 (http://caibaojian.com/5-array-methods.html)

在ES5中一共有9个Array方法,分别是:

Array.prototype.indexOf
Array.prototype.lastIndexOf
Array.prototype.every
Array.prototype.some
Array.prototype.forEach
Array.prototype.map
Array.prototype.filter
Array.prototype.reduce
Array.prototype.reduceRight

1) indexOf

indexOf()方法返回在该数组中第一个找到的元素位置,如果它不存在则返回-1。

via不使用indexOf时原文来自:http://caibaojian.com/5-array-methods.html

var arr = ['apple','orange','pear'],
found = false; for(var i= 0, l = arr.length; i< l; i++){
if(arr[i] === 'orange'){
found = true;
}
} console.log("found:",found);

使用后

var arr = ['apple','orange','pear'];

console.log("found:", arr.indexOf("orange") != -1);

2) filter

该filter()方法创建一个新的匹配过滤条件的数组。

不用 filter() 时

var arr = [
{"name":"apple", "count": 2},
{"name":"orange", "count": 5},
{"name":"pear", "count": 3},
{"name":"orange", "count": 16},
]; var newArr = []; for(var i= 0, l = arr.length; i< l; i++){
if(arr[i].name === "orange" ){
newArr.push(arr[i]);
}
} console.log("Filter results:",newArr);

用了 filter():

var arr = [
{"name":"apple", "count": 2},
{"name":"orange", "count": 5},
{"name":"pear", "count": 3},
{"name":"orange", "count": 16},
]; var newArr = arr.filter(function(item){
return item.name === "orange";
}); console.log("Filter results:",newArr);

3) forEach()

forEach为每个元素执行对应的方法

var arr = [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8];

// Uses the usual "for" loop to iterate
for(var i= 0, l = arr.length; i< l; i++){
console.log(arr[i]);
} console.log("========================"); //Uses forEach to iterate
arr.forEach(function(item,index){
console.log(item);
});

forEach是用来替换for循环的

4) map()

map()对数组的每个元素进行一定操作(映射)后,会返回一个新的数组,

不使用map

var oldArr = [{first_name:"Colin",last_name:"Toh"},{first_name:"Addy",last_name:"Osmani"},{first_name:"Yehuda",last_name:"Katz"}];

function getNewArr(){

var newArr = [];

for(var i= 0, l = oldArr.length; i< l; i++){
var item = oldArr[i];
item.full_name = [item.first_name,item.last_name].join(" ");
newArr[i] = item;
} return newArr;
} console.log(getNewArr());

使用map后

var oldArr = [{first_name:"Colin",last_name:"Toh"},{first_name:"Addy",last_name:"Osmani"},{first_name:"Yehuda",last_name:"Katz"}];

function getNewArr(){

return oldArr.map(function(item,index){
item.full_name = [item.first_name,item.last_name].join(" ");
return item;
}); } console.log(getNewArr());

map()是处理服务器返回数据时是一个非常实用的函数。

5) reduce()

reduce()可以实现一个累加器的功能,将数组的每个值(从左到右)将其降低到一个值。

说实话刚开始理解这句话有点难度,它太抽象了。

场景: 统计一个数组中有多少个不重复的单词

不使用reduce时

var arr = ["apple","orange","apple","orange","pear","orange"];

function getWordCnt(){
var obj = {}; for(var i= 0, l = arr.length; i< l; i++){
var item = arr[i];
obj[item] = (obj[item] +1 ) || 1;
} return obj;
} console.log(getWordCnt());

使用reduce()后

//code from http://caibaojian.com/5-array-methods.html
var arr = ["apple","orange","apple","orange","pear","orange"]; function getWordCnt(){
return arr.reduce(function(prev,next){
prev[next] = (prev[next] + 1) || 1;
return prev;
},{});
} console.log(getWordCnt());

让我先解释一下我自己对reduce的理解。reduce(callback, initialValue)会传入两个变量。回调函数(callback)和初始值(initialValue)。假设函数它有个传入参数,prev和next,index和array。prev和next你是必须要了解的。

一般来讲prev是从数组中第一个元素开始的,next是第二个元素。但是当你传入初始值(initialValue)后,第一个prev将是initivalValue,next将是数组中的第一个元素。

比如:

/*
* 二者的区别,在console中运行一下即可知晓
*/ var arr = ["apple","orange"]; function noPassValue(){
return arr.reduce(function(prev,next){
console.log("prev:",prev);
console.log("next:",next); return prev + " " +next;
});
}
function passValue(){
return arr.reduce(function(prev,next){
console.log("prev:",prev);
console.log("next:",next); prev[next] = 1;
return prev;
},{});
}
最后感谢大神的指点;
出处:前端开发博客 (http://caibaojian.com/5-array-methods.html)