手把手教你springboot中导出数据到excel中
问题来源:
前一段时间公司的项目有个导出数据的需求,要求能够实现全部导出也可以多选批量导出(虽然不是我负责的,我自己研究了研究),我们的项目是xboot前后端分离系统,后端的核心为SpringBoot 2.2.6.RELEASE,因此今天我主要讲述后端的操作实现,为了简化需求,我将需要导出的十几个字段简化为5个字段,导出的样式模板如下:
实现步骤:
打开一个你平时练习使用的springboot的demo,开始按照以下步骤加入代码进行操作。
1.添加maven依赖
<!--Excel-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.poi</groupId>
<artifactId>poi-ooxml</artifactId>
<version>3.11</version>
</dependency>
poi-ooxml是一个excel表格的操作工具包,处理的单页数据量也是百万级别的,因此我们选择的是poi-ooxml.
2.编写excel工具类
import org.apache.poi.ss.usermodel.Cell;
import org.apache.poi.ss.usermodel.Row;
import org.apache.poi.ss.usermodel.Sheet;
import org.apache.poi.xssf.streaming.SXSSFWorkbook;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException;
import java.util.List; public class ExcelUtil {
/**
* 用户信息导出类
* @param response 响应
* @param fileName 文件名
* @param columnList 每列的标题名
* @param dataList 导出的数据
*/
public static void uploadExcelAboutUser(HttpServletResponse response,String fileName,List<String> columnList,
List<List<String>> dataList){
//声明输出流
OutputStream os = null;
//设置响应头
setResponseHeader(response,fileName);
try {
//获取输出流
os = response.getOutputStream();
//内存中保留1000条数据,以免内存溢出,其余写入硬盘
SXSSFWorkbook wb = new SXSSFWorkbook(1000);
//获取该工作区的第一个sheet
Sheet sheet1 = wb.createSheet("sheet1");
int excelRow = 0;
//创建标题行
Row titleRow = sheet1.createRow(excelRow++);
for(int i = 0;i<columnList.size();i++){
//创建该行下的每一列,并写入标题数据
Cell cell = titleRow.createCell(i);
cell.setCellValue(columnList.get(i));
}
//设置内容行
if(dataList!=null && dataList.size()>0){
//序号是从1开始的
int count = 1;
//外层for循环创建行
for(int i = 0;i<dataList.size();i++){
Row dataRow = sheet1.createRow(excelRow++);
//内层for循环创建每行对应的列,并赋值
for(int j = -1;j<dataList.get(0).size();j++){//由于多了一列序号列所以内层循环从-1开始
Cell cell = dataRow.createCell(j+1);
if(j==-1){//第一列是序号列,不是在数据库中读取的数据,因此手动递增赋值
cell.setCellValue(count++);
}else{//其余列是数据列,将数据库中读取到的数据依次赋值
cell.setCellValue(dataList.get(i).get(j));
}
}
}
}
//将整理好的excel数据写入流中
wb.write(os);
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
try {
// 关闭输出流
if (os != null) {
os.close();
}
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
} /*
设置浏览器下载响应头
*/
private static void setResponseHeader(HttpServletResponse response, String fileName) {
try {
try {
fileName = new String(fileName.getBytes(),"ISO8859-1");
} catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
response.setContentType("application/octet-stream;charset=UTF-8");
response.setHeader("Content-Disposition", "attachment;filename="+ fileName);
response.addHeader("Pargam", "no-cache");
response.addHeader("Cache-Control", "no-cache");
} catch (Exception ex) {
ex.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
网上的excel的工具类有很多,但很多并不是你复制过来就能直接使用的,因此需要我们深究其原理,这样可以应对不同的场景写出属于我们自己的合适的代码,这里就不一一解释了,代码中注释加的很清楚,有不懂的可以留言评论。
3.编写controller,service,serviceImpl,dao,entity
3.1 entity
import io.swagger.annotations.ApiModelProperty;
import lombok.Data;
import org.hibernate.annotations.Where;
import javax.persistence.*;
import java.math.BigDecimal; @Data
@Entity
@Where(clause = "del_flag = 0")
@Table(name = "t_scf_item_data")
public class ItemData{
private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L; @Id
@TableId
@ApiModelProperty(value = "唯一标识")
private String id = String.valueOf(SnowFlakeUtil.getFlowIdInstance().nextId()); @ApiModelProperty(value = "创建者")
@CreatedBy
private String createBy; @CreatedDate
@JsonFormat(timezone = "GMT+8", pattern = "yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss")
@DateTimeFormat(pattern = "yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss")
@ApiModelProperty(value = "创建时间")
private Date createTime; @ApiModelProperty(value = "项目编号")
private String itemNo;
@ApiModelProperty(value = "项目名称")
private String itemName; @ApiModelProperty(value = "删除标志 默认0")
private Integer delFlag = 0;
}
3.2 dao
import cn.exrick.xboot.modules.item.entity.ItemData;
import org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.Query;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Repository;
import java.util.List; @Repository
public interface ItemDataDao{
@Query(value = "select a.item_no,a.item_name,concat(a.create_time),a.create_by from t_scf_item_data a where a.del_flag = 0 limit 5",nativeQuery = true)
List<List<String>> findAllObject();
@Query(value = "select a.item_no,a.item_name,concat(a.create_time),a.create_by from t_scf_item_data a where a.del_flag = 0 and a.id in ?1 limit 5",nativeQuery = true)
List<List<String>> findByIds(List<String> idList);
}
3.3 service
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.util.List; public interface TestService {
void exportExcel(List<String> idList, HttpServletResponse response);
}
3.4 serviceImpl
import cn.exrick.xboot.common.utils.ExcelUtil;
import cn.exrick.xboot.modules.item.dao.ItemDataDao;
import cn.exrick.xboot.modules.item.service.TestService;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Transactional;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.List; @Transactional
@Service
public class TestServiceImpl implements TestService { @Autowired
private ItemDataDao itemDataDao;
@Override
public void exportExcel(List<String> idList, HttpServletResponse response) {
List<List<String>> dataList = new ArrayList<>();
if(idList == null || idList.size() == 0){
dataList = itemDataDao.findAllObject();
}else{
dataList = itemDataDao.findByIds(idList);
}
List<String> titleList = Arrays.asList("序号","项目编码", "项目名称", "创建时间", "创建人");
ExcelUtil.uploadExcelAboutUser(response,"项目信息.xlsx",titleList,dataList);
}
}
3.5 controller
import cn.exrick.xboot.modules.item.service.TestService;
import io.swagger.annotations.ApiOperation;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestBody;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
@Slf4j
@RestController
@RequestMapping("/test")
public class TestController { @Autowired
private TestService testService; @RequestMapping(value = "/exportExcel", method = RequestMethod.POST)
@ApiOperation(value = "导出excel",produces="application/octet-stream")
public void exportCorpLoanDemand(@RequestBody Map<String,List<String>> map, HttpServletResponse response){ ;
log.info("测试:{}",map);
testService.exportExcel(map.get("list"),response);
}
}
4.测试
测试的话可以使用swagger或者postman,甚至你前端技术足够ok的话也可以写个简单的页面进行测试,我是用的是swaager进行的测试,下面就是我测试的结果了:
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