关于TCP/IP协议栈

时间:2021-01-24 10:30:18

1. TCP/IP协议栈

与OSI参考模型不同,TCP/IP协议栈共有4层,其中网络接口层对应OSI中的物理层和数据链路层,应用层对应OSI中的应用层、表示层和会话层。

在网络接口层的主要协议有:ARP、RARP等。ARP协议主要功能是根据IP地址获取物理地址,RARP协议则反之。

网络层的主要协议有:IP、路由协议(RIP、OSPF、BGP等)。IP协议为网络上的每台主机编号,在此基础上才有路由协议,因此路由协议是基于IP协议的。

传输层的主要协议有:TCP、UDP。传输层有端口号的概念,端口号是指TCP或UDP协议能根据端口号找到接受数据包的进程。(也就是说一个TCPServer和一个UDPServer可以绑定同一个端口,详细解释参看第2节)

应用层协议主要有:HTTP、FTP、SMTP等。

 

 关于TCP/IP协议栈

2. “协议号+端口号”唯一确定了接收数据包的进程

协议号:协议号是存在于IP数据报的首部的20字节的固定部分,占有8bit。该字段是指出此数据报所携带的是数据是使用何种协议,以便目的主机的IP层知道将数据部分上交给哪个传输层协议(TCP/UDP等)。

端口号:端口号存在于TCP/UDP报文的首部。

目的主机收到数据报后,IP协议会将解析到协议号,并据此将数据上送给相应的传输层协议;传输层协议收到数据并解析,获得端口号,并据此将数据上送给相应的接受数据报的进程。

从上述过程可知,端口号是按照传输层协议号划分了“命名空间”的,因此,同一主机可以同时运行绑定同一端口号的TCP Socket(java中对应ServerSocket、Socket)和UDP Socket(java中对应DatagramSocket)而不发生冲突。

3. 附件

测试使用的代码:

TCPClient.java

 1 package socket;
 2 
 3 import java.io.*;
 4 import java.net.*;
 5 import java.util.Date;
 6 
 7 public class TCPClient {
 8 
 9     /**
10      * @param args
11      */
12     public static void main(String[] args) {
13         // TODO Auto-generated method stub
14         try {
15             System.out.println(new Date());
16             InetAddress remoteAddress = InetAddress.getByName("22.11.143.60");
17 //            InetAddress localAddress = InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1");
18 //            Socket socket = new Socket(remoteAddress, 1287, localAddress, 1288);
19 //            Socket socket = new Socket(remoteAddress, 1287);
20             Socket socket = new Socket ();
21             socket.connect(new InetSocketAddress(remoteAddress,1287), 1000);
22             socket.setSoTimeout(110000);
23             System.out.println(new Date());
24             PrintWriter os = new PrintWriter(socket.getOutputStream());
25             BufferedReader is = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(socket.getInputStream()));
26             String msg = "hello";
27             os.println(msg);
28             os.flush();
29             System.out.println("Client: " + msg);
30 //            Thread.sleep(1000);
31             System.out.println("Server: " + is.readLine());
32             System.out.println(new Date());
33             Thread.sleep(1000000);
34             System.out.println("end!");
35             os.close();
36             is.close();
37             socket.close();
38         } catch (UnknownHostException e) {
39             // TODO Auto-generated catch block
40             System.out.println(new Date());
41             e.printStackTrace();
42         } catch (IOException e) {
43             // TODO Auto-generated catch block
44             System.out.println(new Date());
45             e.printStackTrace();
46         }
47         catch (InterruptedException e) {
48             // TODO Auto-generated catch block
49             System.out.println(new Date());
50             e.printStackTrace();
51         }
52         
53     }
54 
55 }

TCPServer.java

 1 package socket;
 2 
 3 import java.io.*;
 4 import java.net.*;
 5 
 6 public class TCPServer {
 7 
 8     /**
 9      * @param args
10      */
11     public static void main(String[] args) {
12         // TODO Auto-generated method stub
13         try {
14             ServerSocket serverSocket = new ServerSocket(1287,2);
15             Socket socket = serverSocket.accept();
16             
17             PrintWriter os = new PrintWriter(socket.getOutputStream());
18             BufferedReader is = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(socket.getInputStream()));
19             while (true){
20                 System.out.println("Client: " + is.readLine());
21                 String msg = "hi";
22                 os.println(msg);
23                 os.flush();
24                 System.out.println("Server: " + msg);
25             }
26 //            os.close();
27 //            is.close();
28 //            socket.close();
29 //            serverSocket.close();
30         } catch (IOException e) {
31             // TODO Auto-generated catch block
32             e.printStackTrace();
33         }
34 //        catch (InterruptedException e) {
35 //            // TODO Auto-generated catch block
36 //            e.printStackTrace();
37 //        }
38 
39     }
40 
41 }    

UDPClient.java

 1 package socket;
 2 
 3 import java.io.IOException;
 4 import java.net.DatagramPacket;
 5 import java.net.DatagramSocket;
 6 import java.net.InetAddress;
 7 import java.net.SocketException;
 8 import java.net.UnknownHostException;
 9 
10 public class UDPClient {
11 
12     public static void main(String[] args) {
13         try {
14             DatagramSocket ds = new DatagramSocket();
15             String str = "hello";
16             DatagramPacket dp = new DatagramPacket(str.getBytes(),str.length(),InetAddress.getByName("22.11.143.60"),1287);
17             ds.send(dp);
18             
19             ds.close();
20             
21         } catch (SocketException e) {
22             e.printStackTrace();
23         } catch (UnknownHostException e) {
24             e.printStackTrace();
25         } catch (IOException e) {
26             e.printStackTrace();
27         }
28 
29     }
30 
31 }

UDPServer.java

 1 package socket;
 2 
 3 import java.io.IOException;
 4 import java.net.DatagramPacket;
 5 import java.net.DatagramSocket;
 6 import java.net.SocketException;
 7 
 8 public class UDPServer {
 9 
10     public static void main(String[] args) {
11         
12         try {
13             DatagramSocket ds = new DatagramSocket(1287);
14             byte[] buf=new byte[100];
15             DatagramPacket dp=new DatagramPacket(buf,100);
16             ds.receive(dp);// block here
17             System.out.println(new String(dp.getData()));
18             
19             ds.close();
20             
21         } catch (SocketException e) {
22             e.printStackTrace();
23         } catch (IOException e) {
24             e.printStackTrace();
25         }
26         
27         
28     }
29 
30 }