curl是一款利用URL语法进行文件传输的工具,它支持多种协议,包括FTP, FTPS, HTTP, HTTPS, GOPHER, TELNET等,我们既可以在命令行上使用它,也可以利用 libcurl进行相关编程。相信大部分同学都应该使用过libcurl的easy 接口,easy接口的使用非常的简单,curl_easy_init用来初始化一个easy curl对象,curl_easy_setopt对easy curl对象进行相关设置,最后curl_easy_perform执行curl请求,返回相应结果。easy接口是阻塞的,也就是说必须等到上一个curl请求执行完后,下一个curl请求才能继续执行,在一般的应用场合,这种阻塞的访问方式是没有问题的,但是当程序需要进行多次curl并发请求的时候,easy接口就无能为力了,这个时候curl提供的multi接口就派上用场了,网上关于libcurl的multi接口的使用资料比较少(百度出来的大部分都是php multi curl的资料),curl官网上貌似也只有相关函数的说明,有实际demo才能让我们更快速的上手使用,所以下面结合实际例子来讲讲multi curl接口的使用方法。
相比而言,multi接口的使用会比easy 接口稍微复杂点,毕竟multi接口是依赖easy接口的,首先粗略的讲下其使用流程:curl_multi _init初始化一个multi curl对象,为了同时进行多个curl的并发访问,我们需要初始化多个easy curl对象,使用curl_easy_setopt进行相关设置,然后调用curl_multi _add_handle把easy curl对象添加到multi curl对象中,添加完毕后执行curl_multi_perform方法进行并发的访问,访问结束后curl_multi_remove_handle移除相关easy curl对象,curl_easy_cleanup清除easy curl对象,最后curl_multi_cleanup清除multi curl对象。
上面的介绍只是给大家一个大概的印象,实际使用中还有很多细节需要注意,好了,代码才能说明一切,下面的例子使用multi curl方式进行多次http并发访问,并输出访问结果。
- #include <string>
- #include <iostream>
- #include <curl/curl.h>
- #include <sys/time.h>
- #include <unistd.h>
- using namespace std;
- size_t curl_writer(void *buffer, size_t size, size_t count, void * stream)
- {
- std::string * pStream = static_cast<std::string *>(stream);
- (*pStream).append((char *)buffer, size * count);
- return size * count;
- };
- /**
- * 生成一个easy curl对象,进行一些简单的设置操作
- */
- CURL * curl_easy_handler(const std::string & sUrl,
- const std::string & sProxy,
- std::string & sRsp,
- unsigned int uiTimeout)
- {
- CURL * curl = curl_easy_init();
- curl_easy_setopt(curl, CURLOPT_URL, sUrl.c_str());
- curl_easy_setopt(curl, CURLOPT_NOSIGNAL, 1);
- if (uiTimeout > 0)
- {
- curl_easy_setopt(curl, CURLOPT_TIMEOUT_MS, uiTimeout);
- }
- if (!sProxy.empty())
- {
- curl_easy_setopt(curl, CURLOPT_PROXY, sProxy.c_str());
- }
- // write function //
- curl_easy_setopt(curl, CURLOPT_WRITEFUNCTION, curl_writer);
- curl_easy_setopt(curl, CURLOPT_WRITEDATA, &sRsp);
- return curl;
- }
- /**
- * 使用select函数监听multi curl文件描述符的状态
- * 监听成功返回0,监听失败返回-1
- */
- int curl_multi_select(CURLM * curl_m)
- {
- int ret = 0;
- struct timeval timeout_tv;
- fd_set fd_read;
- fd_set fd_write;
- fd_set fd_except;
- int max_fd = -1;
- // 注意这里一定要清空fdset,curl_multi_fdset不会执行fdset的清空操作 //
- FD_ZERO(&fd_read);
- FD_ZERO(&fd_write);
- FD_ZERO(&fd_except);
- // 设置select超时时间 //
- timeout_tv.tv_sec = 1;
- timeout_tv.tv_usec = 0;
- // 获取multi curl需要监听的文件描述符集合 fd_set //
- curl_multi_fdset(curl_m, &fd_read, &fd_write, &fd_except, &max_fd);
- /**
- * When max_fd returns with -1,
- * you need to wait a while and then proceed and call curl_multi_perform anyway.
- * How long to wait? I would suggest 100 milliseconds at least,
- * but you may want to test it out in your own particular conditions to find a suitable value.
- */
- if (-1 == max_fd)
- {
- return -1;
- }
- /**
- * 执行监听,当文件描述符状态发生改变的时候返回
- * 返回0,程序调用curl_multi_perform通知curl执行相应操作
- * 返回-1,表示select错误
- * 注意:即使select超时也需要返回0,具体可以去官网看文档说明
- */
- int ret_code = ::select(max_fd + 1, &fd_read, &fd_write, &fd_except, &timeout_tv);
- switch(ret_code)
- {
- case -1:
- /* select error */
- ret = -1;
- break;
- case 0:
- /* select timeout */
- default:
- /* one or more of curl's file descriptors say there's data to read or write*/
- ret = 0;
- break;
- }
- return ret;
- }
- #define MULTI_CURL_NUM 3
- // 这里设置你需要访问的url //
- std::string URL = "http://website.com";
- // 这里设置代理ip和端口 //
- std::string PROXY = "ip:port";
- // 这里设置超时时间 //
- unsigned int TIMEOUT = 2000; /* ms */
- /**
- * multi curl使用demo
- */
- int curl_multi_demo(int num)
- {
- // 初始化一个multi curl 对象 //
- CURLM * curl_m = curl_multi_init();
- std::string RspArray[num];
- CURL * CurlArray[num];
- // 设置easy curl对象并添加到multi curl对象中 //
- for (int idx = 0; idx < num; ++idx)
- {
- CurlArray[idx] = NULL;
- CurlArray[idx] = curl_easy_handler(URL, PROXY, RspArray[idx], TIMEOUT);
- if (CurlArray[idx] == NULL)
- {
- return -1;
- }
- curl_multi_add_handle(curl_m, CurlArray[idx]);
- }
- /*
- * 调用curl_multi_perform函数执行curl请求
- * url_multi_perform返回CURLM_CALL_MULTI_PERFORM时,表示需要继续调用该函数直到返回值不是CURLM_CALL_MULTI_PERFORM为止
- * running_handles变量返回正在处理的easy curl数量,running_handles为0表示当前没有正在执行的curl请求
- */
- int running_handles;
- while (CURLM_CALL_MULTI_PERFORM == curl_multi_perform(curl_m, &running_handles))
- {
- cout << running_handles << endl;
- }
- /**
- * 为了避免循环调用curl_multi_perform产生的cpu持续占用的问题,采用select来监听文件描述符
- */
- while (running_handles)
- {
- if (-1 == curl_multi_select(curl_m))
- {
- cerr << "select error" << endl;
- break;
- } else {
- // select监听到事件,调用curl_multi_perform通知curl执行相应的操作 //
- while (CURLM_CALL_MULTI_PERFORM == curl_multi_perform(curl_m, &running_handles))
- {
- cout << "select: " << running_handles << endl;
- }
- }
- cout << "select: " << running_handles << endl;
- }
- // 输出执行结果 //
- int msgs_left;
- CURLMsg * msg;
- while((msg = curl_multi_info_read(curl_m, &msgs_left)))
- {
- if (CURLMSG_DONE == msg->msg)
- {
- int idx;
- for (idx = 0; idx < num; ++idx)
- {
- if (msg->easy_handle == CurlArray[idx]) break;
- }
- if (idx == num)
- {
- cerr << "curl not found" << endl;
- } else
- {
- cout << "curl [" << idx << "] completed with status: "
- << msg->data.result << endl;
- cout << "rsp: " << RspArray[idx] << endl;
- }
- }
- }
- // 这里要注意cleanup的顺序 //
- for (int idx = 0; idx < num; ++idx)
- {
- curl_multi_remove_handle(curl_m, CurlArray[idx]);
- }
- for (int idx = 0; idx < num; ++idx)
- {
- curl_easy_cleanup(CurlArray[idx]);
- }
- curl_multi_cleanup(curl_m);
- return 0;
- }
- /**
- * easy curl使用demo
- */
- int curl_easy_demo(int num)
- {
- std::string RspArray[num];
- for (int idx = 0; idx < num; ++idx)
- {
- CURL * curl = curl_easy_handler(URL, PROXY, RspArray[idx], TIMEOUT);
- CURLcode code = curl_easy_perform(curl);
- cout << "curl [" << idx << "] completed with status: "
- << code << endl;
- cout << "rsp: " << RspArray[idx] << endl;
- // clear handle //
- curl_easy_cleanup(curl);
- }
- return 0;
- }
- #define USE_MULTI_CURL
- struct timeval begin_tv, end_tv;
- int main(int argc, char * argv[])
- {
- if (argc < 2)
- {
- return -1;
- }
- int num = atoi(argv[1]);
- // 获取开始时间 //
- gettimeofday(&begin_tv, NULL);
- #ifdef USE_MULTI_CURL
- // 使用multi接口进行访问 //
- curl_multi_demo(num);
- #else
- // 使用easy接口进行访问 //
- curl_easy_demo(num);
- #endif
- // 获取结束时间 //
- struct timeval end_tv;
- gettimeofday(&end_tv, NULL);
- // 计算执行延时并输出,用于比较 //
- int eclapsed = (end_tv.tv_sec - begin_tv.tv_sec) * 1000 +
- (end_tv.tv_usec - begin_tv.tv_usec) / 1000;
- cout << "eclapsed time:" << eclapsed << "ms" << endl;
- return 0;
- }