应用服务器：Windows Server 2008 R2 Enterprise
故障现象：项目侧同事反映应用服务器上的程序连接数据库报错：ORA-12560: TNS: 协议适配器错误
1.故障重现
在应用服务器上使用sqlplus和PL/SQL工具登录
连接数据库服务器均报错：
```
ORA-12154: TNS: 无法解析指定的连接标识符
```
2.定位问题
## 2.1 ping测试网络 ##
ping 数据库IP地址 网络通畅
```
C:\Users\Administrator>ping 192.168.1.100
正在 Ping 192.168.1.100 具有 32 字节的数据:
来自 192.168.1.100 的回复: 字节=32 时间<1ms TTL=64
来自 192.168.1.100 的回复: 字节=32 时间<1ms TTL=64
来自 192.168.1.100 的回复: 字节=32 时间<1ms TTL=64
来自 192.168.1.100 的回复: 字节=32 时间<1ms TTL=64
192.168.1.100 的 Ping 统计信息:
数据包: 已发送 = 4，已接收 = 4，丢失 = 0 (0% 丢失)，
往返行程的估计时间(以毫秒为单位):
最短 = 0ms，最长 = 0ms，平均 = 0ms
## 2.2 tnsping测试端口 ##
tnsping 数据库IP地址，报错：TNS-12560：TNS：协议适配器错误
C:\Users\Administrator>tnsping 192.168.1.100
TNS Ping Utility for 32-bit Windows: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on 27-1月 -
2016 09:55:56
Copyright (c) 1997, 2010, Oracle. All rights reserved.
已使用的参数文件:
D:\app\administrator\product\11.2.0\client_1\network\admin\sqlnet.ora
已使用 EZCONNECT 适配器来解析别名
尝试连接 (DESCRIPTION=(CONNECT_DATA=(SERVICE_NAME=))(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST
=192.168.1.100)(PORT=1521)))
TNS-12560: TNS: 协议适配器错误
## 2.3 登录数据库主机 ##
SecureCRT工具登录数据库主机服务器报错：
An operation on a socket could not be performed because the system lacked
sufficient buffer space or because a queue was full.
## 2.4 尝试其他机器连接 ##
发现其他机器是可以登录到数据库服务器的，进一步查看数据库相关信息，也发现一切正常：
- 数据库服务正常
- 数据库监听正常
- 防火墙/SELINUX均未启用
- 其他与应用服务器同一网段的主机测试到数据库的连接也正常
看起来非常诡异，不过到现在也确定了不是数据库服务器那边的原因，不是网络的原因。
<h1 id="3">3.解决问题</h1>
## 3.1 两个ORA错误的官方解释 ##
ORA-12560
$ oerr ora 12560
12560, 00000, "TNS:protocol adapter error"
// *Cause: A generic protocol adapter error occurred.
// *Action: Check addresses used for proper protocol specification. Before
// reporting this error, look at the error stack and check for lower level
// transport errors. For further details, turn on tracing and reexecute the
// operation. Turn off tracing when the operation is complete.
ORA-12154
$ oerr ora 12154
12154, 00000, "TNS:could not resolve the connect identifier specified"
// *Cause: A connection to a database or other service was requested using
// a connect identifier, and the connect identifier specified could not
// be resolved into a connect descriptor using one of the naming methods
// configured. For example, if the type of connect identifier used was a
// net service name then the net service name could not be found in a
// naming method repository, or the repository could not be
// located or reached.
// *Action:
// - If you are using local naming (TNSNAMES.ORA file):
// - Make sure that "TNSNAMES" is listed as one of the values of the
// NAMES.DIRECTORY_PATH parameter in the Oracle Net profile
// (SQLNET.ORA)
// - Verify that a TNSNAMES.ORA file exists and is in the proper
// directory and is accessible.
// - Check that the net service name used as the connect identifier
// exists in the TNSNAMES.ORA file.
// - Make sure there are no syntax errors anywhere in the TNSNAMES.ORA
// file. Look for unmatched parentheses or stray characters. Errors
// in a TNSNAMES.ORA file may make it unusable.
// - If you are using directory naming:
// - Verify that "LDAP" is listed as one of the values of the
// NAMES.DIRETORY_PATH parameter in the Oracle Net profile
// (SQLNET.ORA).
// - Verify that the LDAP directory server is up and that it is
// accessible.
// - Verify that the net service name or database name used as the
// connect identifier is configured in the directory.
// - Verify that the default context being used is correct by
// specifying a fully qualified net service name or a full LDAP DN
// as the connect identifier
// - If you are using easy connect naming:
// - Verify that "EZCONNECT" is listed as one of the values of the
// NAMES.DIRETORY_PATH parameter in the Oracle Net profile
// (SQLNET.ORA).
// - Make sure the host, port and service name specified
// are correct.
// - Try enclosing the connect identifier in quote marks.
//
// See the Oracle Net Services Administrators Guide or the Oracle
// operating system specific guide for more information on naming.
## 3.2 windows应用服务器信息 ##
使用systeminfo命令查看这台windows应用服务器信息的部分内容：
C:\Users\Administrator>systeminfo
主机名: XXXXWEB1
OS 名称: Microsoft Windows Server 2008 R2 Enterprise
OS 版本: 6.1.7600 暂缺 Build 7600
OS 制造商: Microsoft Corporation
OS 配置: 主域控制器
OS 构件类型: Multiprocessor Free
注册的所有人:
注册的组织:
产品 ID: xxxxx-OEM-xxxxxxx-xxxxx
初始安装日期: 2014/1/26, 21:31:46
系统启动时间: 2014/9/5, 13:42:21
系统制造商: HP
系统型号: ProLiant BL460c Gen8
系统类型: x64-based PC
处理器: 安装了 2 个处理器。
[01]: Intel64 Family 6 Model 45 Stepping 7 GenuineIntel ~2000
Mhz
[02]: Intel64 Family 6 Model 45 Stepping 7 GenuineIntel ~2000
Mhz
BIOS 版本: HP I31, 2013/12/20
可以看到，服务器据上一次启动，已经运行了一年多。
而从上面CRT连接报出的错误信息初步确定是此台windows服务器的socket资源耗尽。
对windows不是很了解，简单粗暴的重启应用服务器后解决了此问题。