生产端：Windows 2008 + Oracle 10.2.0.5
测试端：RHEL 6.5 + Oracle 11.2.0.4
需求：因为Oracle跨越大版本，优化器、新特性变动较多，需要进行SPA测试比对前后期性能差异。
说明：本文是根据DBA Travel的SPA参考规范文档（在此致谢Travel同学），结合实际某客户需求整理的整个测试过程。为了更真实的反映整个过程，在生产端使用swingbench压力测试软件持续运行了一段时间，模拟真实的业务压力。
1.SPA测试流程
为了尽可能的减小对正式生产库的性能影响，本次SPA测试只是从AWR资料库中的SQL数据转化而来的SQL Tuning Set进行整体的SQL性能测试。
本次SPA测试主要分为以下几个步骤：
在生产库端：
- 环境准备：创建SPA测试专用用户
- 采集数据： a) 在生产库转化AWR中SQL为SQL Tuning Set b) 在生产库从现有SQL Tuning Set提取SQL
- 导出数据：打包(pack)转化后的SQL Tuning Set，并导出传输到测试服务器
在测试库端：
- 环境准备：创建SPA测试专用用户
- 测试准备：导入SQL Tuning Set表，并解包(unpack)，创建SPA分析任务
- 前期性能：从SQL Tuning Set中转化得出10g的性能Trail
- 后期性能：在11g测试数据库中执行SQL Tuning Set中SQL，生成11g性能Trail
- 对比分析：执行对比分析任务，分别按执行时间，CPU时间和逻辑读三个维度进行
- 汇总报告：取出对比报告，对每个维度分别取出All，Unsupport，Error 3类报告
总结报告：
- 总结报告：分析汇总报告，优化其中的性能下降SQL，编写SPA测试报告
2.SPA操作流程
2.1 本文使用的命名规划
类型 规划
SQLSET ORCL_SQLSET_201806
Analysis Task SPA_TASK_201806
STGTAB ORCL_STSTAB_201806
Dmpfile ORCL_STSTAB_201806.dmp2.2 生产端：环境准备
conn / as sysdba
CREATE USER SPA IDENTIFIED BY SPA DEFAULT TABLESPACE SYSAUX;
GRANT DBA TO SPA;
GRANT ADVISOR TO SPA;
GRANT SELECT ANY DICTIONARY TO SPA;
GRANT ADMINISTER SQL TUNING SET TO SPA;2.3 生产端：采集数据
1). 获取AWR快照的边界ID
SET LINES 188 PAGES 1000
COL SNAP_TIME FOR A22
COL MIN_ID NEW_VALUE MINID
COL MAX_ID NEW_VALUE MAXID
SELECT MIN(SNAP_ID) MIN_ID, MAX(SNAP_ID) MAX_ID
FROM DBA_HIST_SNAPSHOT
WHERE END_INTERVAL_TIME > trunc(sysdate)-10
ORDER BY 1;2). 创建SQL Set
--连接用户
conn SPA/SPA
--如果之前有这个SQLSET的名字，可以这样删除
EXEC DBMS_SQLTUNE.DROP_SQLSET (SQLSET_NAME => 'ORCL_SQLSET_201806', SQLSET_OWNER => 'SPA');
--新建SQLSET：ORCL_SQLSET_201806
EXEC DBMS_SQLTUNE.CREATE_SQLSET ( -
SQLSET_NAME => 'ORCL_SQLSET_201806', -
DESCRIPTION => 'SQL Set Create at : '||TO_CHAR(SYSDATE, 'YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS'), -
SQLSET_OWNER => 'SPA');3). 转化AWR数据中的SQL数据，将其中的SQL载入到SQL Set中
DECLARE
SQLSET_CUR DBMS_SQLTUNE.SQLSET_CURSOR;
BEGIN
OPEN SQLSET_CUR FOR
SELECT VALUE(P) FROM TABLE(
DBMS_SQLTUNE.SELECT_WORKLOAD_REPOSITORY( 16, 24,
'PARSING_SCHEMA_NAME NOT IN (''SYS'', ''SYSTEM'')',
NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, 1, NULL, 'ALL')) P;
DBMS_SQLTUNE.LOAD_SQLSET(
SQLSET_NAME => 'ORCL_SQLSET_201806',
SQLSET_OWNER => 'SPA',
POPULATE_CURSOR => SQLSET_CUR,
LOAD_OPTION => 'MERGE',
UPDATE_OPTION => 'ACCUMULATE');
CLOSE SQLSET_CUR;
END;
/ 4). 打包SQL Set
DROP TABLE SPA.JYZHAO_SQLSETTAB_20180106;
EXEC DBMS_SQLTUNE.CREATE_STGTAB_SQLSET ('ORCL_STSTAB_201806', 'SPA', 'SYSAUX');
EXEC DBMS_SQLTUNE.PACK_STGTAB_SQLSET ( -
SQLSET_NAME => 'ORCL_SQLSET_201806', -
SQLSET_OWNER => 'SPA', -
STAGING_TABLE_NAME => 'ORCL_STSTAB_201806', -
STAGING_SCHEMA_OWNER => 'SPA');2.4 生产端：导出数据
1). 在操作系统中，导出打包后的SQL Set数据
cat > ./export_sqlset_201806.par <<EOF
USERID='SPA/SPA'
FILE=ORCL_STSTAB_201806.dmp
LOG=exp_spa_sqlset_201806.log
TABLES=ORCL_STSTAB_201806
DIRECT=N
BUFFER=10240000
STATISTICS=NONE
EOF注意：这里DIRECT=Y参数在遇到问题后尝试改为了DIRECT=N，默认也是N。
set NLS_LANG=AMERICAN_AMERICA.US7ASCII
exp PARFILE=export_sqlset_201806.par注意：NLS_LANG变量是Oracle的变量，设置字符集和数据库字符集一致，避免发生错误转换。
2). 将导出后的Dump文件传输到测试服务器
将 ORCL_STSTAB_201806.dmp 传输到 目标服务器 /orabak/spa下。
2.5 测试端：环境准备
conn / as sysdba
CREATE USER SPA IDENTIFIED BY SPA DEFAULT TABLESPACE SYSAUX;
GRANT DBA TO SPA;
GRANT ADVISOR TO SPA;
GRANT SELECT ANY DICTIONARY TO SPA;
GRANT ADMINISTER SQL TUNING SET TO SPA;2.6 测试端：测试准备
在进行SPA测试前需要准备测试环境，包括导入生产库中的SQL Set，对其进行解包(unpack)操作，并创建SPA分析任务。
1). 在操作系统中，执行导入命令，导入SQL Set表
cat > ./import_sqlset_201806.par <<EOF
USERID='SPA/SPA'
FILE=ORCL_STSTAB_201806.dmp
LOG=imp_spa_sqlset_201806.log
FULL=Y
EOF
export NLS_LANG=AMERICAN_AMERICA.US7ASCII
imp PARFILE=import_sqlset_201806.par2). 解包(unpack)SQL Set
conn SPA/SPA
EXEC DBMS_SQLTUNE.UNPACK_STGTAB_SQLSET (-
SQLSET_NAME => 'ORCL_SQLSET_201806', -
SQLSET_OWNER => 'SPA', -
REPLACE => TRUE, -
STAGING_TABLE_NAME => 'ORCL_STSTAB_201806', -
STAGING_SCHEMA_OWNER => 'SPA');3). 创建SPA分析任务
VARIABLE SPA_TASK VARCHAR2(64);
EXEC :SPA_TASK := DBMS_SQLPA.CREATE_ANALYSIS_TASK( -
TASK_NAME => 'SPA_TASK_201806', -
DESCRIPTION => 'SPA Analysis task at : '||TO_CHAR(SYSDATE, 'YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS'), -
SQLSET_NAME => 'ORCL_SQLSET_201806', -
SQLSET_OWNER => 'SPA');2.7 测试端：前期性能
在测试服务器中，可以直接从SQL Tuning Set中转化得到所有SQL在10g数据库中的执行效率，得到10g中的SQL Trail。
EXEC DBMS_SQLPA.EXECUTE_ANALYSIS_TASK( -
TASK_NAME => 'SPA_TASK_201806', -
EXECUTION_NAME => 'EXEC_10G_201806', -
EXECUTION_TYPE => 'CONVERT SQLSET', -
EXECUTION_DESC => 'Convert 10g SQLSET for SPA Task at : '||TO_CHAR(SYSDATE, 'YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS'));2.8 测试端：后期性能
在测试服务器（运行11g数据库）中，需要在本地数据库（11g）测试运行SQL Tuning Set中的SQL语句，分析所有语句在11g环境中的执行效率，得到11g中的SQL Trail。
vi spa2.sh
echo "WARNING: SPA2 Start @`date`"
sqlplus SPA/SPA << EOF!
EXEC DBMS_SQLPA.EXECUTE_ANALYSIS_TASK( -
TASK_NAME => 'SPA_TASK_201806', -
EXECUTION_NAME => 'EXEC_11G_201806', -
EXECUTION_TYPE => 'TEST EXECUTE', -
EXECUTION_DESC => 'Execute SQL in 11g for SPA Task at : '||TO_CHAR(SYSDATE, 'YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS'));
exit
EOF!
echo "WARNING:SPA2 OK @`date`"
nohup sh spa2.sh & 2.9 测试端：性能对比
得到两次SQL Trail之后，可以对比两次Trial之间的SQL执行性能，可以从不同的维度对两次Trail中的所有SQL进行对比分析，主要关注的维度有：SQL执行时间，SQL执行的CPU时间，SQL执行的逻辑读。
1). 对比两次Trail中的SQL执行时间
conn SPA/SPA
EXEC DBMS_SQLPA.EXECUTE_ANALYSIS_TASK( -
TASK_NAME => 'SPA_TASK_201806', -
EXECUTION_NAME => 'COMPARE_ET_201806', -
EXECUTION_TYPE => 'COMPARE PERFORMANCE', -
EXECUTION_PARAMS => DBMS_ADVISOR.ARGLIST( -
'COMPARISON_METRIC', 'ELAPSED_TIME', -
'EXECUTE_FULLDML', 'TRUE', -
'EXECUTION_NAME1','EXEC_10G_201806', -
'EXECUTION_NAME2','EXEC_11G_201806'), -
EXECUTION_DESC => 'Compare SQLs between 10g and 11g at :'||TO_CHAR(SYSDATE, 'YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS'));2). 对比两次Trail中的SQL执行的CPU时间
EXEC DBMS_SQLPA.EXECUTE_ANALYSIS_TASK( -
TASK_NAME => 'SPA_TASK_201806', -
EXECUTION_NAME => 'COMPARE_CT_201806', -
EXECUTION_TYPE => 'COMPARE PERFORMANCE', -
EXECUTION_PARAMS => DBMS_ADVISOR.ARGLIST( -
'COMPARISON_METRIC', 'CPU_TIME', -
'EXECUTION_NAME1','EXEC_10G_201806', -
'EXECUTION_NAME2','EXEC_11G_201806'), -
EXECUTION_DESC => 'Compare SQLs between 10g and 11g at :'||TO_CHAR(SYSDATE, 'YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS'));3). 对比两次Trail中的SQL执行的逻辑读
EXEC DBMS_SQLPA.EXECUTE_ANALYSIS_TASK( -
TASK_NAME => 'SPA_TASK_201806', -
EXECUTION_NAME => 'COMPARE_BG_201806', -
EXECUTION_TYPE => 'COMPARE PERFORMANCE', -
EXECUTION_PARAMS => DBMS_ADVISOR.ARGLIST( -
'COMPARISON_METRIC', 'BUFFER_GETS', -
'EXECUTION_NAME1','EXEC_10G_201806', -
'EXECUTION_NAME2','EXEC_11G_201806'), -
EXECUTION_DESC => 'Compare SQLs between 10g and 11g at :'||TO_CHAR(SYSDATE, 'YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS'));2.10 测试端：汇总报告
执行对比分析任务之后，就可以取出对应的对比分析任务的结果报告，主要关注的报告类型有：汇总SQL报告，错误SQL报告以及不支持SQL报告。
a) 获取执行时间全部报告
conn SPA/SPA
ALTER SESSION SET EVENTS='31156 TRACE NAME CONTEXT FOREVER, LEVEL 0X400';
SET LINES 1111 PAGES 50000 LONG 1999999999 TRIM ON TRIMS ON SERVEROUTPUT ON SIZE UNLIMITED
SPOOL elapsed_all.html
SELECT XMLTYPE(DBMS_SQLPA.REPORT_ANALYSIS_TASK('SPA_TASK_201806','HTML','ALL','ALL',NULL,1000,'COMPARE_ET_201806')).GETCLOBVAL(0,0) FROM DUAL;
spool offb) 获取执行时间下降报告
ALTER SESSION SET EVENTS='31156 TRACE NAME CONTEXT FOREVER, LEVEL 0X400';
SET LINES 1111 PAGES 50000 LONG 1999999999 TRIM ON TRIMS ON SERVEROUTPUT ON SIZE UNLIMITED
SPOOL elapsed_regressed.html
SELECT XMLTYPE(DBMS_SQLPA.REPORT_ANALYSIS_TASK('SPA_TASK_201806','HTML','REGRESSED','ALL',NULL,1000,'COMPARE_ET_201806')).GETCLOBVAL(0,0) FROM DUAL;
spool offc) 获取逻辑读全部报告
ALTER SESSION SET EVENTS='31156 TRACE NAME CONTEXT FOREVER, LEVEL 0X400';
SET LINES 1111 PAGES 50000 LONG 1999999999 TRIM ON TRIMS ON SERVEROUTPUT ON SIZE UNLIMITED
SPOOL buffer_all.html
SELECT XMLTYPE(DBMS_SQLPA.REPORT_ANALYSIS_TASK('SPA_TASK_201806','HTML','ALL','ALL',NULL,1000,'COMPARE_BG_201806')).GETCLOBVAL(0,0) FROM DUAL;
spool offd) 获取逻辑读下降报告
ALTER SESSION SET EVENTS='31156 TRACE NAME CONTEXT FOREVER, LEVEL 0X400';
SET LINES 1111 PAGES 50000 LONG 1999999999 TRIM ON TRIMS ON SERVEROUTPUT ON SIZE UNLIMITED
SPOOL buffer_regressed.html
SELECT XMLTYPE(DBMS_SQLPA.REPORT_ANALYSIS_TASK('SPA_TASK_201806','HTML','REGRESSED','ALL',NULL,1000,'COMPARE_BG_201806')).GETCLOBVAL(0,0) FROM DUAL;
spool offe) 获取错误报告
ALTER SESSION SET EVENTS='31156 TRACE NAME CONTEXT FOREVER, LEVEL 0X400';
SET LINES 1111 PAGES 50000 LONG 1999999999 TRIM ON TRIMS ON SERVEROUTPUT ON SIZE UNLIMITED
SPOOL error.html
SELECT XMLTYPE(DBMS_SQLPA.REPORT_ANALYSIS_TASK('SPA_TASK_201806','HTML','ERRORS','ALL',NULL,1000,'COMPARE_ET_201806')).GETCLOBVAL(0,0) FROM DUAL;
spool offf) 获取不支持报告
ALTER SESSION SET EVENTS='31156 TRACE NAME CONTEXT FOREVER, LEVEL 0X400';
SET LINES 1111 PAGES 50000 LONG 1999999999 TRIM ON TRIMS ON SERVEROUTPUT ON SIZE UNLIMITED
SPOOL unsupported.html
SELECT XMLTYPE(DBMS_SQLPA.REPORT_ANALYSIS_TASK('SPA_TASK_201806','HTML','UNSUPPORTED','ALL',NULL,1000,'COMPARE_ET_201806')).GETCLOBVAL(0,0) FROM DUAL;
spool offg) 获取执行计划变化报告
ALTER SESSION SET EVENTS='31156 TRACE NAME CONTEXT FOREVER, LEVEL 0X400';
SET LINES 1111 PAGES 50000 LONG 1999999999 TRIM ON TRIMS ON SERVEROUTPUT ON SIZE UNLIMITED
SPOOL changed_plans.html
SELECT XMLTYPE(DBMS_SQLPA.REPORT_ANALYSIS_TASK('SPA_TASK_201806','HTML','CHANGED_PLANS','ALL',NULL,1000,'COMPARE_ET_201806')).GETCLOBVAL(0,0) FROM DUAL;
spool off3.SPA环境清理
3.1 查看SQLSET
conn SPA/SPA
select owner,name,STATEMENT_COUNT from dba_sqlset;3.2 查看分析任务
select owner,task_id,task_name,created,LAST_MODIFIED,STATUS from DBA_ADVISOR_TASKS where task_name like upper('%&task_name%') order by 2;
SPA_TASK_2018063.3 删除ANALYSIS_TASK
exec dbms_sqlpa.DROP_ANALYSIS_TASK('SPA_TASK_201806');3.4 删除sqlset
exec dbms_sqltune.DROP_SQLSET('ORCL_SQLSET_201806');如果删除时出现异常情况"ORA-13757",提示STS是活动的,可以尝试使用下面SQL修改后再进行删除。
delete from wri$_sqlset_references
where sqlset_id in (select id
from wri$_sqlset_definitions
where name in ('ORCL_SQLSET_201806','ORCL_SQLSET_201806'));
commit;3.5 删除用户
删除SPA用户（两端）
drop user spa cascade;