struts2-第一章-基础用法3

时间:2020-12-29 09:00:51

一,结果类型配置

  在之前servlet学习中,知道网页页面路径跳转有两种方式,内部跳转(请求转发)和外部跳转(重定向),两者的区别,内部跳转浏览器地址不会变化

可以保存上一次请求的数据

  外部跳转浏览器地址会发生变化,但是不能保存上一次请求数据

struts2中也有上述两种跳转方式,但是需要我们进行指定,在struts.xml中action节点的result节点的type属性进行配置

type属性的取值:

  (1)dispatcher :内部跳转,默认值,通常跳转jsp

  (2)redirect:外部跳转,通常跳转jsp

  (3)chain:内部跳转,通常跳转到action

  (4)redirectAction:外部跳转,通常跳转到action

案例

(1)action1类

@Getter
@Setter
public class Demo1Action extends ActionSupport { private String name = "zhangsan"; //内部跳转jsp
public String dispatcher(){
System.out.println("Demo1Action.dispatcher...");
return "a";
}
//外部跳转jsp
public String redirect(){
System.out.println("Demo1Action.redirect...");
return "b";
}
//内部跳转action
public String chain(){
System.out.println("Demo1Action.chain...");
return "c";
}
//外部跳转action
public String redirectAction(){
System.out.println("Demo1Action.redirectAction...");
return "d";
} }

(2)struts.xml配置

<package name="default" namespace="/" extends="struts-default">
<action name="demo1Action" class="com.yujun.maven.action.Demo1Action">
<!-- 跳转到jsp,内部和外部 -->
<result name="a" type="dispatcher">/demo1.jsp</result>
<result name="b" type="redirect">/demo1.jsp</result> <!-- 跳转到action,内部和外部 -->
<result name="c" type="chain">
<!-- 指定跳转的action的名称 -->
<param name="actionName">demo2Action</param>
<!-- 指定action所在命名空间 -->
<param name="namespace">/</param>
<!-- 指定执行action的哪个方法 -->
<param name="method">m1</param>
</result>
<result name="d" type="redirectAction">
<!-- 指定跳转的action的名称 -->
<param name="actionName">demo2Action!m2.action</param>
<!-- 指定action所在命名空间 -->
<param name="namespace">/</param>
</result> </action> <action name="demo2Action" class="com.yujun.maven.action.Demo2Action">
<result>/demo2.jsp</result>
</action> </package>

(3)action2类

public class Demo2Action extends ActionSupport {

    public String m1(){
System.out.println("Demo2Action.m1...");
return SUCCESS;
} public String m2(){
System.out.println("Demo2Action.m2...");
return SUCCESS;
}
}

(4)demo1.jsp

<h3>
姓名:${name }
</h3>

(5)demo2.jsp

<h3>
this is demo2.jsp
</h3>

(6)index.jsp

<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<base href="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/ "/>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<title>Insert title here</title>
</head>
<body>
<h4>
<a href="demo3Action!dispatcher.action">访问demo1Action的dispatcher方法</a>
</h4>
<h4>
<a href="demo3Action!redirect.action">访问demo1Action的redirect方法</a>
</h4>
<h4>
<a href="demo3Action!chain.action">访问demo1Action的chain方法</a>
</h4>
<h4>
<a href="demo3Action!redirectAction.action">访问demo1Action的redirectAction方法</a>
</h4> </body>
</html>

二,action中访问request,session,application

在struts2中的action有时需要访问servlet资源,比如会话,记录登录人信息,通常有三种

(1)使用ActionContext

(2)使用ServletActionContext

(3)action实现ServletRequestAware/ServletContextAware接口

1.ActionContext

表示action上下文,上下文看做一个容器(本质就是HashMap),存放的是action在执行时需要用到的对象,是一个线程安全类

(1)action类

public class Demo3Action extends ActionSupport {

    public String m1(){
//都可以给当前请求中存放数据
//等效于request对象,但并不是request
ActionContext.getContext().put("name", "小明");
//真正的request对象
((Map)ActionContext.getContext().get("request")).put("name2", "小红"); //session对象
ActionContext.getContext().getSession().put("username", "admin"); //application对象
ActionContext.getContext().getApplication().put("count", 10);
return SUCCESS;
}
}

(2)struts.xml配置

<action name="demo3Action" class="com.yujun.maven.action.Demo3Action">
<result>/demo3.jsp</result>
</action>

(3)页面

<h3>
${name },${name2 },${username },${count }
</h3>

若想查看值栈的信息,可以使用struts2提供的debug标签

struts2-第一章-基础用法3

(4)访问

http://127.0.0.1:8080/struts2-chapter1-3/demo3Action!m1.action

2.servletActionContext

  public class ServletActionContext extend ActionContext implements StrutsStatics{

ServletActionContext类继承了ActionContext,因此此类也是一个线程安全类;该类提供了直接访问servlet容器对象(request、session、application)的功能

(1)action类

public class Demo4Action extends ActionSupport {

    public String m1(){
//request对象
ServletActionContext.getRequest().setAttribute("abc", "abc123");
//session对象
ServletActionContext.getRequest().getSession().setAttribute("xyz", "xyz123");
//application对象
ServletActionContext.getServletContext().setAttribute("opq", "opq123");
return SUCCESS;
}
}

(2)struts.xml配置

<action name="demo4Action" class="com.yujun.maven.action.Demo4Action">
<result>/demo4.jsp</result>
</action>

(3)页面

struts2-第一章-基础用法3

(4)       访问

http://127.0.0.1:8080/struts2-chapter1-3/demo4Action!m1.action

3.实现接口的方式

(1)action类

public class Demo5Action extends ActionSupport implements ServletRequestAware,ServletContextAware{

    //成员变量保存servlet容器对象
private HttpServletRequest request;
private ServletContext application;
private HttpSession session;
//参数的request是struts2注入给我们的,我们可以直接保存起来
@Override
public void setServletRequest(HttpServletRequest request) {
this.request = request;
this.session = request.getSession();
}
@Override
public void setServletContext(ServletContext context) {
this.application = context;
} public String m1(){
request.setAttribute("a", "a123");
session.setAttribute("b", "b123");
application.setAttribute("c", "c123");
return SUCCESS;
} }

(2)struts.xml配置

<action name="demo5Action" class="com.yujun.maven.action.Demo5Action">
<result>/demo5.jsp</result>
</action>

(3)页面

struts2-第一章-基础用法3

(4)访问

http://127.0.0.1:8080/struts2-chapter1-3/demo5Action!m1.action