操作系统:OEL 5.6
数据库版本：Oracle11gR2 11.2.0.4.0
新建数据库名称：lgr
1 生成pfile和口令文件
1)生成pfile文件，在模板文件init.ora中提取
[oracle@lgr ~]$ cd $ORACLE_HOME/dbs
[oracle@lgr dbs]$ ls
init.ora
[oracle@lgr dbs]$ cat init.ora |grep -v ^$|grep -v ^# > initlgr.ora
2）修改initlgr.ora文件
[oracle@lgr dbs]$ vi initlgr.ora
----添加如下内容----
db_name='lgr'
memory_target=800M
processes = 150
audit_file_dest='$ORACLE_BASE/admin/lgr/adump'
audit_trail ='db'
db_block_size=8192
db_domain=''
#db_recovery_file_dest='<ORACLE_BASE>/flash_recovery_area'
#db_recovery_file_dest_size=2G
diagnostic_dest='$ORACLE_BASE'
dispatchers='(PROTOCOL=TCP) (SERVICE=ORCLXDB)'
open_cursors=300
remote_login_passwordfile='EXCLUSIVE'
undo_tablespace='UNDOTBS1'
control_files = '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/lgr/ora_control1.ctl’
compatible ='11.2.0'
3）创建initlgr.ora中的目录
[oracle@lgr ~]$ mkdir -p $ORACLE_BASE/admin/lgr/adump
[oracle@lgr lgr]$ mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/oradata/lgr/
4）创建口令文件orapwlgr
[oracle@lgr dbs]$ orapwd file=orapwlgr password=oracle entries=3;
[oracle@lgr dbs]$ ls
initlgr.ora init.ora orapwlgr
5）SqlPlus中启动数据库到nomount状态，验证口令文件和参数文件
[oracle@lgr dbs]$ sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.4.0 Production on Mon Dec 5 15:06:45 2016
Copyright (c) 1982, 2013, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to an idle instance.
SQL> startup nomount
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 835104768 bytes
Fixed Size 2257840 bytes
Variable Size 536874064 bytes
Database Buffers 289406976 bytes
Redo Buffers 6565888 bytes
2.通过建库脚本创建数据库
##建库脚本可在官方文档中获取
[oracle@lgr ~]$ cd $ORACLE_HOME/dbs
[oracle@lgr dbs]$ pwd
/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs
[oracle@lgr dbs]$ vi createdb.sql
----添加如下内容----
CREATE DATABASE lgr
USER SYS IDENTIFIED BY oracle
USER SYSTEM IDENTIFIED BY oracle
LOGFILE GROUP 1 ('/u01/app/oracle/oradata/lgr/redo01a.log') SIZE 100M BLOCKSIZE 512,
GROUP 2 ('/u01/app/oracle/oradata/lgr/redo02a.log') SIZE 100M BLOCKSIZE 512
MAXLOGFILES 5
MAXLOGMEMBERS 5
MAXLOGHISTORY 1
MAXDATAFILES 100
CHARACTER SET AL32UTF8
NATIONAL CHARACTER SET AL16UTF16
EXTENT MANAGEMENT LOCAL
DATAFILE '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/lgr/system01.dbf' SIZE 325M REUSE
SYSAUX DATAFILE '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/lgr/sysaux01.dbf' SIZE 325M REUSE
DEFAULT TABLESPACE users
DATAFILE '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/lgr/users01.dbf'
SIZE 50M REUSE AUTOEXTEND ON MAXSIZE UNLIMITED
DEFAULT TEMPORARY TABLESPACE tempts1
TEMPFILE '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/lgr/temp01.dbf'
SIZE 20M REUSE
UNDO TABLESPACE undotbs1
DATAFILE '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/lgr/undotbs01.dbf'
SIZE 50M REUSE AUTOEXTEND ON MAXSIZE UNLIMITED;
3.SqlPlus中运行createdb.sql脚本
SQL> @/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/createdb.sql
4.创建数据字典
数据库OPEN状态下运行如下脚本，安装盘中存在这些脚本，或者去官网下载脚本
SQL> @?/rdbms/admin/catalog.sql
SQL> @?/rdbms/admin/catproc.sql
SQL> conn system/oracle
SQL> @?/sqlplus/admin/pupbld.sql
5.运行脚本创建必要的Schema及表空间
SQL> @?/rdbms/admin/utlsampl