之前被问起activity的一些源码，以前只是零零星星的看过一点，并没有多深入和系统的了解。作为android从业人员，没有认认真真的研究一下activity的源码，我都有些面红耳赤。不过，看源码永远都不嫌晚，那就看起来呗。
当然是从最熟悉的activity.startActivity入手，在Activity中，startActivity最后走了：
public void startActivity(Intent intent, @Nullable Bundle options) {
if (options != null) {
startActivityForResult(intent, -1, options);
} else {
// Note we want to go through this call for compatibility with
// applications that may have overridden the method.
startActivityForResult(intent, -1);
}
}
可以看到，最后一定会走startActivityForResult：
public void startActivityForResult(@RequiresPermission Intent intent, int requestCode,
@Nullable Bundle options) {
if (mParent == null) {
options = transferSpringboardActivityOptions(options);
Instrumentation.ActivityResult ar =
mInstrumentation.execStartActivity(
this, mMainThread.getApplicationThread(), mToken, this,
intent, requestCode, options);
if (ar != null) {
mMainThread.sendActivityResult(
mToken, mEmbeddedID, requestCode, ar.getResultCode(),
ar.getResultData());
}
if (requestCode >= 0) {
// If this start is requesting a result, we can avoid making
// the activity visible until the result is received. Setting
// this code during onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) or onResume() will keep the
// activity hidden during this time, to avoid flickering.
// This can only be done when a result is requested because
// that guarantees we will get information back when the
// activity is finished, no matter what happens to it.
mStartedActivity = true;
}
cancelInputsAndStartExitTransition(options);
// TODO Consider clearing/flushing other event sources and events for child windows.
} else {
if (options != null) {
mParent.startActivityFromChild(this, intent, requestCode, options);
} else {
// Note we want to go through this method for compatibility with
// existing applications that may have overridden it.
mParent.startActivityFromChild(this, intent, requestCode);
}
}
}
这里有个mParent的判断，通过
/** Return the parent activity if this view is an embedded child. */
public final Activity getParent() {
return mParent;
}方法可以知道，mParent！=null，说明当前Activity是嵌套在“父亲“Activity中的。所以一般使用mParent == null。启动由
Instrumentation.ActivityResult ar =
mInstrumentation.execStartActivity(
this, mMainThread.getApplicationThread(), mToken, this,
intent, requestCode, options);完成。
public ActivityResult execStartActivity(
Context who, IBinder contextThread, IBinder token, Activity target,
Intent intent, int requestCode, Bundle options) {
IApplicationThread whoThread = (IApplicationThread) contextThread;
Uri referrer = target != null ? target.onProvideReferrer() : null;
if (referrer != null) {
intent.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_REFERRER, referrer);
}
if (mActivityMonitors != null) {
synchronized (mSync) {
final int N = mActivityMonitors.size();
for (int i=0; i<N; i++) {
final ActivityMonitor am = mActivityMonitors.get(i);
if (am.match(who, null, intent)) {
am.mHits++;
if (am.isBlocking()) {
return requestCode >= 0 ? am.getResult() : null;
}
break;
}
}
}
}
try {
intent.migrateExtraStreamToClipData();
intent.prepareToLeaveProcess(who);
int result = ActivityManagerNative.getDefault()
.startActivity(whoThread, who.getBasePackageName(), intent,
intent.resolveTypeIfNeeded(who.getContentResolver()),
token, target != null ? target.mEmbeddedID : null,
requestCode, 0, null, options);
checkStartActivityResult(result, intent);
} catch (RemoteException e) {
throw new RuntimeException("Failure from system", e);
}
return null;
}这段代码也比较容易理解，先是判断mActivityMonitors也就是ActivityMonitor的集合是不是存在，ActivityMonitor是监控activity的一个工具类，如果有，则处理监控的逻辑；没有就转到了
int result = ActivityManagerNative.getDefault()
.startActivity(whoThread, who.getBasePackageName(), intent,
intent.resolveTypeIfNeeded(who.getContentResolver()),
token, target != null ? target.mEmbeddedID : null,
requestCode, 0, null, options);处理。到这里，启动动作从activity转到了instrumentation直到ActivityManagerNative。ActivityManagerNative类有点大，只截取启动activity的一小部分分析。
/** {@hide} */
public abstract class ActivityManagerNative extends Binder implements IActivityManager
{
/**
* Cast a Binder object into an activity manager interface, generating
* a proxy if needed.
*/
static public IActivityManager asInterface(IBinder obj) {
if (obj == null) {
return null;
}
IActivityManager in =
(IActivityManager)obj.queryLocalInterface(descriptor);
if (in != null) {
return in;
}
return new ActivityManagerProxy(obj);
}
/**
* Retrieve the system's default/global activity manager.
*/
static public IActivityManager getDefault() {
return gDefault.get();
}
public ActivityManagerNative() {
attachInterface(this, descriptor);
}
@Override
public boolean onTransact(int code, Parcel data, Parcel reply, int flags)
throws RemoteException {
switch (code) {
case START_ACTIVITY_TRANSACTION:
{
data.enforceInterface(IActivityManager.descriptor);
IBinder b = data.readStrongBinder();
IApplicationThread app = ApplicationThreadNative.asInterface(b);
String callingPackage = data.readString();
Intent intent = Intent.CREATOR.createFromParcel(data);
String resolvedType = data.readString();
IBinder resultTo = data.readStrongBinder();
String resultWho = data.readString();
int requestCode = data.readInt();
int startFlags = data.readInt();
ProfilerInfo profilerInfo = data.readInt() != 0
? ProfilerInfo.CREATOR.createFromParcel(data) : null;
Bundle options = data.readInt() != 0
? Bundle.CREATOR.createFromParcel(data) : null;
int result = startActivity(app, callingPackage, intent, resolvedType,
resultTo, resultWho, requestCode, startFlags, profilerInfo, options);
reply.writeNoException();
reply.writeInt(result);
return true;
}
／／。。。省略
}
return super.onTransact(code, data, reply, flags);
}
／／。。。省略
public IBinder asBinder() {
return this;
}
private static final Singleton<IActivityManager> gDefault = new Singleton<IActivityManager>() {
protected IActivityManager create() {
IBinder b = ServiceManager.getService("activity");
if (false) {
Log.v("ActivityManager", "default service binder = " + b);
}
IActivityManager am = asInterface(b);
if (false) {
Log.v("ActivityManager", "default service = " + am);
}
return am;
}
};
}
class ActivityManagerProxy implements IActivityManager
{
public ActivityManagerProxy(IBinder remote)
{
mRemote = remote;
}
public IBinder asBinder()
{
return mRemote;
}
public int startActivity(IApplicationThread caller, String callingPackage, Intent intent,
String resolvedType, IBinder resultTo, String resultWho, int requestCode,
int startFlags, ProfilerInfo profilerInfo, Bundle options) throws RemoteException {
Parcel data = Parcel.obtain();
Parcel reply = Parcel.obtain();
data.writeInterfaceToken(IActivityManager.descriptor);
data.writeStrongBinder(caller != null ? caller.asBinder() : null);
data.writeString(callingPackage);
intent.writeToParcel(data, 0);
data.writeString(resolvedType);
data.writeStrongBinder(resultTo);
data.writeString(resultWho);
data.writeInt(requestCode);
data.writeInt(startFlags);
if (profilerInfo != null) {
data.writeInt(1);
profilerInfo.writeToParcel(data, Parcelable.PARCELABLE_WRITE_RETURN_VALUE);
} else {
data.writeInt(0);
}
if (options != null) {
data.writeInt(1);
options.writeToParcel(data, 0);
} else {
data.writeInt(0);
}
mRemote.transact(START_ACTIVITY_TRANSACTION, data, reply, 0);
reply.readException();
int result = reply.readInt();
reply.recycle();
data.recycle();
return result;
}
／／。。。省略
private IBinder mRemote;
}一下子清晰明了了。。。很眼熟有木有，没有错，很像AIDL生成的java类！所以ActivityManagerNative是个用来搞IPC的Binder，从
IBinder b = ServiceManager.getService("activity");可以看出，应用进程与System进程是通过ActivityManagerService跨进程调用的。当跨进程调用startActivity时，实际上是走ActivityManagerProxy的startActivity方法，然后回调给ActivityManagerNative的onTransact，通过“START_ACTIVITY_TRANSACTION“ 的code区分是哪个IPC的方法。ActivityManagerNative再调用startActivity。现在注意一点，一开始捋清楚这个过程时，迷糊了好久，ActivityManagerNative的startActivity具体是在哪实现的呢？后来仔细又看了一遍，发现ActivityManagerNative是个abtract类！那么说明，它的子类一定要实现startActivity（因为ActivityManagerNative 实现了I ActivityMananger但是没有实现startActivity）！ActivityManagerNative的子类是ActivityManagerService。看看它实现的startActivity。
@Override
public final int startActivity(IApplicationThread caller, String callingPackage,
Intent intent, String resolvedType, IBinder resultTo, String resultWho, int requestCode,
int startFlags, ProfilerInfo profilerInfo, Bundle bOptions) {
return startActivityAsUser(caller, callingPackage, intent, resolvedType, resultTo,
resultWho, requestCode, startFlags, profilerInfo, bOptions,
UserHandle.getCallingUserId());
}转到了ActivityManagerService的startActivityAsUser
@Override
public final int startActivityAsUser(IApplicationThread caller, String callingPackage,
Intent intent, String resolvedType, IBinder resultTo, String resultWho, int requestCode,
int startFlags, ProfilerInfo profilerInfo, Bundle bOptions, int userId) {
enforceNotIsolatedCaller("startActivity");
userId = mUserController.handleIncomingUser(Binder.getCallingPid(), Binder.getCallingUid(),
userId, false, ALLOW_FULL_ONLY, "startActivity", null);
// TODO: Switch to user app stacks here.
return mActivityStarter.startActivityMayWait(caller, -1, callingPackage, intent,
resolvedType, null, null, resultTo, resultWho, requestCode, startFlags,
profilerInfo, null, null, bOptions, false, userId, null, null);
}转到了ActivityStarter.startActivityMayWait中，ActivityStarter是一个描述activity启动相关的辅助类，里面处理了activity启动很多很复杂的场景和逻辑，包括启动模式，activity复用以及特定场景下的activity的恢复，先不去深究太多，只看启动的流程。ActivityStarter.startActivityMayWait-》ActivityStarter.startActivityLocked-》ActivityStarter.startActivityUnchecked-》ActivityStackSupervisor.resumeFocusedStackTopActivityLocked-》ActivityStack.resumeTopActivityUncheckedLocked-》ActivityStack.resumeTopActivityInnerLocked-》ActivityStackSupervisor.startSpecificActivityLocked-》ActivityStackSupervisor.realStartActivityLocked。realStartActivityLocked
里面有这么一段：
app.thread.scheduleLaunchActivity(new Intent(r.intent), r.appToken,
System.identityHashCode(r), r.info, new Configuration(mService.mConfiguration),
new Configuration(task.mOverrideConfig), r.compat, r.launchedFromPackage,
task.voiceInteractor, app.repProcState, r.icicle, r.persistentState, results,
newIntents, !andResume, mService.isNextTransitionForward(), profilerInfo);app.thread 是IApplicationThread的一个实例。IApplicationThread同IActivityMananger 一样是用来AIDL的接口。和ActivityManagerNative一样，有个abstract的ApplicationThreadNative 继承了 Binder 并实现了IApplicationThread，而ApplicationThreadNative的子类是在ActivityThread 的内部类的ApplicationThread类。所以scheduleLaunchActivity流转到了ApplicationThread.scheduleLaunchActivity :
@Override
public final void scheduleLaunchActivity(Intent intent, IBinder token, int ident,
ActivityInfo info, Configuration curConfig, Configuration overrideConfig,
CompatibilityInfo compatInfo, String referrer, IVoiceInteractor voiceInteractor,
int procState, Bundle state, PersistableBundle persistentState,
List<ResultInfo> pendingResults, List<ReferrerIntent> pendingNewIntents,
boolean notResumed, boolean isForward, ProfilerInfo profilerInfo) {
updateProcessState(procState, false);
ActivityClientRecord r = new ActivityClientRecord();
r.token = token;
r.ident = ident;
r.intent = intent;
r.referrer = referrer;
r.voiceInteractor = voiceInteractor;
r.activityInfo = info;
r.compatInfo = compatInfo;
r.state = state;
r.persistentState = persistentState;
r.pendingResults = pendingResults;
r.pendingIntents = pendingNewIntents;
r.startsNotResumed = notResumed;
r.isForward = isForward;
r.profilerInfo = profilerInfo;
r.overrideConfig = overrideConfig;
updatePendingConfiguration(curConfig);
sendMessage(H.LAUNCH_ACTIVITY, r);
}最后通过一个Handler发送LAUNCH_ACTIVITY的消息到 H。H是一个内部的Handler类，是ActivityThread用来接收消息并作出处理的。
case LAUNCH_ACTIVITY: {
Trace.traceBegin(Trace.TRACE_TAG_ACTIVITY_MANAGER, "activityStart");
final ActivityClientRecord r = (ActivityClientRecord) msg.obj;
r.packageInfo = getPackageInfoNoCheck(
r.activityInfo.applicationInfo, r.compatInfo);
handleLaunchActivity(r, null, "LAUNCH_ACTIVITY");
Trace.traceEnd(Trace.TRACE_TAG_ACTIVITY_MANAGER);
} break;handleLaunchActivity的实现：
private void handleLaunchActivity(ActivityClientRecord r, Intent customIntent, String reason) {
// If we are getting ready to gc after going to the background, well
// we are back active so skip it.
unscheduleGcIdler();
mSomeActivitiesChanged = true;
if (r.profilerInfo != null) {
mProfiler.setProfiler(r.profilerInfo);
mProfiler.startProfiling();
}
// Make sure we are running with the most recent config.
handleConfigurationChanged(null, null);
if (localLOGV) Slog.v(
TAG, "Handling launch of " + r);
// Initialize before creating the activity
WindowManagerGlobal.initialize();
Activity a = performLaunchActivity(r, customIntent);
if (a != null) {
r.createdConfig = new Configuration(mConfiguration);
reportSizeConfigurations(r);
Bundle oldState = r.state;
handleResumeActivity(r.token, false, r.isForward,
!r.activity.mFinished && !r.startsNotResumed, r.lastProcessedSeq, reason);
if (!r.activity.mFinished && r.startsNotResumed) {
// The activity manager actually wants this one to start out paused, because it
// needs to be visible but isn't in the foreground. We accomplish this by going
// through the normal startup (because activities expect to go through onResume()
// the first time they run, before their window is displayed), and then pausing it.
// However, in this case we do -not- need to do the full pause cycle (of freezing
// and such) because the activity manager assumes it can just retain the current
// state it has.
performPauseActivityIfNeeded(r, reason);
// We need to keep around the original state, in case we need to be created again.
// But we only do this for pre-Honeycomb apps, which always save their state when
// pausing, so we can not have them save their state when restarting from a paused
// state. For HC and later, we want to (and can) let the state be saved as the
// normal part of stopping the activity.
if (r.isPreHoneycomb()) {
r.state = oldState;
}
}
} else {
// If there was an error, for any reason, tell the activity manager to stop us.
try {
ActivityManagerNative.getDefault()
.finishActivity(r.token, Activity.RESULT_CANCELED, null,
Activity.DONT_FINISH_TASK_WITH_ACTIVITY);
} catch (RemoteException ex) {
throw ex.rethrowFromSystemServer();
}
}
}从 Activity a = performLaunchActivity(r, customIntent); 可以看出来，activity是从这里生成的：
private Activity performLaunchActivity(ActivityClientRecord r, Intent customIntent) {
// System.out.println("##### [" + System.currentTimeMillis() + "] ActivityThread.performLaunchActivity(" + r + ")");
／／。。。省略
Activity activity = null;
try {
java.lang.ClassLoader cl = r.packageInfo.getClassLoader();
activity = mInstrumentation.newActivity(
cl, component.getClassName(), r.intent);
StrictMode.incrementExpectedActivityCount(activity.getClass());
r.intent.setExtrasClassLoader(cl);
r.intent.prepareToEnterProcess();
if (r.state != null) {
r.state.setClassLoader(cl);
}
} catch (Exception e) {
if (!mInstrumentation.onException(activity, e)) {
throw new RuntimeException(
"Unable to instantiate activity " + component
+ ": " + e.toString(), e);
}
}
try {
Application app = r.packageInfo.makeApplication(false, mInstrumentation);
if (localLOGV) Slog.v(TAG, "Performing launch of " + r);
if (localLOGV) Slog.v(
TAG, r + ": app=" + app
+ ", appName=" + app.getPackageName()
+ ", pkg=" + r.packageInfo.getPackageName()
+ ", comp=" + r.intent.getComponent().toShortString()
+ ", dir=" + r.packageInfo.getAppDir());
if (activity != null) {
Context appContext = createBaseContextForActivity(r, activity);
CharSequence title = r.activityInfo.loadLabel(appContext.getPackageManager());
Configuration config = new Configuration(mCompatConfiguration);
if (r.overrideConfig != null) {
config.updateFrom(r.overrideConfig);
}
if (DEBUG_CONFIGURATION) Slog.v(TAG, "Launching activity "
+ r.activityInfo.name + " with config " + config);
Window window = null;
if (r.mPendingRemoveWindow != null && r.mPreserveWindow) {
window = r.mPendingRemoveWindow;
r.mPendingRemoveWindow = null;
r.mPendingRemoveWindowManager = null;
}
activity.attach(appContext, this, getInstrumentation(), r.token,
r.ident, app, r.intent, r.activityInfo, title, r.parent,
r.embeddedID, r.lastNonConfigurationInstances, config,
r.referrer, r.voiceInteractor, window);
if (customIntent != null) {
activity.mIntent = customIntent;
}
r.lastNonConfigurationInstances = null;
activity.mStartedActivity = false;
int theme = r.activityInfo.getThemeResource();
if (theme != 0) {
activity.setTheme(theme);
}
activity.mCalled = false;
if (r.isPersistable()) {
mInstrumentation.callActivityOnCreate(activity, r.state, r.persistentState);
} else {
mInstrumentation.callActivityOnCreate(activity, r.state);
}
if (!activity.mCalled) {
throw new SuperNotCalledException(
"Activity " + r.intent.getComponent().toShortString() +
" did not call through to super.onCreate()");
}
r.activity = activity;
r.stopped = true;
if (!r.activity.mFinished) {
activity.performStart();
r.stopped = false;
}
if (!r.activity.mFinished) {
if (r.isPersistable()) {
if (r.state != null || r.persistentState != null) {
mInstrumentation.callActivityOnRestoreInstanceState(activity, r.state,
r.persistentState);
}
} else if (r.state != null) {
mInstrumentation.callActivityOnRestoreInstanceState(activity, r.state);
}
}
if (!r.activity.mFinished) {
activity.mCalled = false;
if (r.isPersistable()) {
mInstrumentation.callActivityOnPostCreate(activity, r.state,
r.persistentState);
} else {
mInstrumentation.callActivityOnPostCreate(activity, r.state);
}
if (!activity.mCalled) {
throw new SuperNotCalledException(
"Activity " + r.intent.getComponent().toShortString() +
" did not call through to super.onPostCreate()");
}
}
}
r.paused = true;
mActivities.put(r.token, r);
} catch (SuperNotCalledException e) {
throw e;
} catch (Exception e) {
if (!mInstrumentation.onException(activity, e)) {
throw new RuntimeException(
"Unable to start activity " + component
+ ": " + e.toString(), e);
}
}
return activity;
}activity的生成代码：
activity = mInstrumentation.newActivity(
cl, component.getClassName(), r.intent);newActivity方法：
public Activity newActivity(ClassLoader cl, String className,
Intent intent)
throws InstantiationException, IllegalAccessException,
ClassNotFoundException {
return (Activity)cl.loadClass(className).newInstance();
}可以看到，activity的实例生成是通过反射的。（虽然移动端反射被普遍是耗性能的，但是原生系统也在使用，所以说没有绝对的优劣，只有适不适用）。生成之后，就会attach application ，并且调用onCreate方法。然后再回到handleLaunchActivity方法，进行resume。
到此，整个activity的启动大致流程就结束了。