现在Asp.net webapi 运用的越来越多，其单元而是也越来越重要。一般软件开发都是多层结构，上层调用下层的接口，而各层的实现人员不同，一般大家都只写自己对应单元测试。对下层的依赖我们通过IOC来做。首先看我们的Controller定义及实现
public class ArticlesController : ApiController
{
private IArticleService _articleService; public ArticlesController(IArticleService articleService)
{
_articleService = articleService;
} // GET: api/Articles
public IEnumerable<Article> GetArticles()
{
return _articleService.GetArticles();
} // GET: api/Articles/5
[ResponseType(typeof(Article))]
public IHttpActionResult GetArticle(int id)
{
Article article = _articleService.GetArticle(id);
if (article == null)
{
return NotFound();
} return Ok(article);
} // PUT: api/Articles/5
[ResponseType(typeof(void))]
public IHttpActionResult PutArticle(int id, Article article)
{
if (!ModelState.IsValid)
{
return BadRequest(ModelState);
} if (id != article.ID)
{
return BadRequest();
}
try
{
_articleService.UpdateArticle(article);
}
catch (DbUpdateConcurrencyException)
{
if (!ArticleExists(id))
{
return NotFound();
}
else
{
throw;
}
} return StatusCode(HttpStatusCode.NoContent);
} // POST: api/Articles
[ResponseType(typeof(Article))]
public IHttpActionResult PostArticle(Article article)
{
if (!ModelState.IsValid)
{
return BadRequest(ModelState);
} _articleService.CreateArticle(article); return CreatedAtRoute("DefaultApi", new { id = article.ID }, article);
} // DELETE: api/Articles/5
[ResponseType(typeof(Article))]
public IHttpActionResult DeleteArticle(int id)
{
Article article = _articleService.GetArticle(id);
if (article == null)
{
return NotFound();
} _articleService.DeleteArticle(article); return Ok(article);
} private bool ArticleExists(int id)
{
return _articleService.GetArticle(id) != null;
}
}
首先构造函数 需要IArticleService实例，在Controller的action中将需要用到该service。【请千万不要告诉我说这里的controller非常简单，不需要做单元测试！在实际项目中有人为了不做Controller的单元测试，把里面的逻辑全部提取出来放在Helper里面，然后对Helper来做单元测试】
IOC的实现：
我这里用的是Unity， 所以首先需要安装Install-Package Unity.WebApi.5.1
public class WebApiApplication : System.Web.HttpApplication
{
protected void Application_Start()
{
GlobalConfiguration.Configure(WebApiConfig.Register);
//Install-Package Unity.WebApi.5.1
IUnityContainer container = new UnityContainer()
.RegisterType<IArticleService, ArticleService>()
.RegisterType<IBlogService, BlogService>(); //GlobalConfiguration.Configuration.DependencyResolver = new UnityDependencyResolver(container);
GlobalConfiguration.Configuration.Services.Replace(typeof(IHttpControllerActivator), new UnityHttpControllerActivator(container));
}
}
public class UnityHttpControllerActivator : IHttpControllerActivator
{
public IUnityContainer UnityContainer { get; private set; }
public UnityHttpControllerActivator(IUnityContainer unityContainer)
{
this.UnityContainer = unityContainer;
} public IHttpController Create(HttpRequestMessage request, HttpControllerDescriptor controllerDescriptor, Type controllerType)
{
return (IHttpController)this.UnityContainer.Resolve(controllerType);
}
}
一般我们的controller都只用DependencyResolver和IHttpControllerActivator 来实现控制反转。
单元测试我一般用Moq 和nunit ，所以需要 Install-Package Moq 和 Install-Package NUnit
单元测试的code 如下：
public void TestPostArticle()
{
var article = new Article
{
Title = "Web API Unit Testing",
URL = "https://chsakell.com/web-api-unit-testing",
Author = "Chris Sakellarios",
DateCreated = DateTime.Now,
Contents = "Unit testing Web API.."
}; var _articlesController = new ArticlesController(_articleService)
{
Configuration = new HttpConfiguration(),
Request = new HttpRequestMessage
{
Method = HttpMethod.Post,
RequestUri = new Uri("http://localhost/api/articles")
}
};
var result = _articlesController.PostArticle(article) as CreatedAtRouteNegotiatedContentResult<Article>; Assert.That(result.RouteName, Is.EqualTo("DefaultApi"));
Assert.That(result.Content.ID, Is.EqualTo(result.RouteValues["id"]));
Assert.That(result.Content.ID, Is.EqualTo(_randomArticles.Max(a => a.ID)));
}
在controller的实例的时候直接传递IArticleService 实例。
public static IArticleService GetIArticleService()
{ var _article = new Mock<IArticleService>();
_article.Setup(x => x.GetArticles(It.IsAny<string>())).Returns(new Func<string, List<Article>>(name =>
{
if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(name))
{
return _randomArticles;
}
else
{
return _randomArticles.FindAll(x => x.Title.Contains(name));
} }));
_article.Setup(x => x.GetArticle(It.IsAny<int>())).Returns(new Func<int, Article>(id =>
{
return _randomArticles.Find(x => x.ID == id);
}));
_article.Setup(x => x.GetArticle(It.IsAny<string>())).Returns(new Func<string, Article>(name =>
{
return _randomArticles.Find(x => x.Title == name);
}));
_article.Setup(r => r.CreateArticle(It.IsAny<Article>()))
.Callback(new Action<Article>(newArticle =>
{
newArticle.DateCreated = DateTime.Now;
newArticle.ID = _randomArticles.Last().ID + ;
_randomArticles.Add(newArticle);
})); _article.Setup(r => r.UpdateArticle(It.IsAny<Article>()))
.Callback(new Action<Article>(x =>
{
var oldArticle = _randomArticles.Find(a => a.ID == x.ID);
oldArticle.DateEdited = DateTime.Now;
oldArticle.URL = x.URL;
oldArticle.Title = x.Title;
oldArticle.Contents = x.Contents;
oldArticle.BlogID = x.BlogID;
}));
return _article.Object;
}
由于WebApi一般都是用来提供接口的，使用者往往是以发送http请求来获取数据，我们也可以用这种方式来做单元测试：
public void TestPostArticle2()
{
var article = new Article
{
Title = "Web API Unit Testing2",
URL = "https://chsakell.com/web-api-unit-testing",
Author = "Chris Sakellarios",
DateCreated = DateTime.Now,
Contents = "Unit testing Web API.."
};
var address = "http://localhost:9000/"; using (WebApp.Start<Startup>(address))
{
HttpClient _client = new HttpClient();
var response = _client.PostAsJsonAsync<Article>(address + "api/articles/", article).Result;
var result = response.Content.ReadAsAsync<Article>().Result;
Assert.That(result.Title, Is.EqualTo(article.Title));
Assert.That(_randomArticles.Last().Title, Is.EqualTo(article.Title));
} }
那么我们如何托起这个web 程序，有如何 使用IOC，
这里IOC 用Autofac，其所用包如下：
Install-Package Owin
Install-Package Microsoft.AspNet.WebApi.Owin
Install-Package Microsoft.Owin.Host.HttpListener
Install-Package Microsoft.Owin.Hosting
Install-Package Autofac
Install-Package Autofac.WebApi2
public class Startup
{
public void Configuration(IAppBuilder appBuilder)
{
var config = new HttpConfiguration();
// config.Services.Replace(typeof(IAssembliesResolver), new CustomAssembliesResolver()); config.Routes.MapHttpRoute(
name: "DefaultApi",
routeTemplate: "api/{controller}/{id}",
defaults: new { id = RouteParameter.Optional }
); var builder = new ContainerBuilder();
builder.RegisterApiControllers(typeof(ArticlesController).Assembly); var _articleService = Helper.GetIArticleService();
builder.RegisterInstance(_articleService).As<IArticleService>(); IContainer container = builder.Build();
config.DependencyResolver = new AutofacWebApiDependencyResolver(container); appBuilder.UseWebApi(config);
}
}
参考：