Google于2012.11.14发布了Android4.2的源码,下面把本人在ubuntu12.04 的64位系统上下载源码,和编译
源代码下载、编译环境安装、源代码编译和运行模拟器的可能出现的一些错误在本文最后一章节,若出现类似错误,可以参考。
源码的下载
源代码的下载,首先需要安装以下软件:curl 和 git-core
1.1安装curl:
在终端中执行:sudo apt-get install curl
1.2安装git-core
在终端中执行:sudo apt-get install git-core
1.2.1在用户目录下新建bin文件
在终端中执行:mkdir ~/bin
将~/bin添加环境变量,作用是:要将git软件下载安装在此目录,在别的目录运行可能会找不到此软件,所以要添加到环境变量中
在终端中执行:PATH=~/bin:$PATH
1.2.2下载repo脚本
在终端中执行:curl https://dl-ssl.google.com/dl/googlesource/git-repo/repo§ > ~/bin/repo
给repo执行权限:chmod a+x ~/bin/repo
1.3 下载源代码
1.3.1进入要源代码将要保存的目录
如我的源代码保存在:/home/zhoulc/work/android4.2/
在终端中执行:/home/zhoulc/work/android4.2/进入到src目录中
1.3.2 获取repo最新的配置
初始化repo仓库:
$ repo init -u https://android.googlesource.com/platform/manifest
或$ ~/bin/repo init -u https://android.googlesource.com/platform/manifest
如果报错且错误信息如下:
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/home/zhoulc/work/android4.2/.repo/repo/main.py", line 408, in <module>
_Main(sys.argv[1:])
File "/home/zhoulc/work/android4.2/.repo/repo/main.py", line 388, in _Main
result = repo._Run(argv) or 0
File "/home/zhoulc/work/android4.2/.repo/repo/main.py", line 138, in _Run
result = cmd.Execute(copts, cargs)
File "/home/zhoulc/work/android4.2/.repo/repo/subcmds/init.py", line 322, in Execute
self._SyncManifest(opt)
File "/home/zhoulc/work/android4.2/.repo/repo/subcmds/init.py", line 142, in _SyncManifest
m.PreSync()
File "/home/zhoulc/work/android4.2/.repo/repo/project.py", line 2137, in PreSync
cb = self.CurrentBranch
File "/home/zhoulc/work/android4.2/.repo/repo/project.py", line 539, in CurrentBranch
b = self.work_git.GetHead()
File "/home/zhoulc/work/android4.2/.repo/repo/project.py", line 1896, in GetHead
fd = open(path, 'rb')
IOError: [Errno 2] No such file or directory: '/home/zhoulc/work/android4.2/.repo/manifests/.git/HEAD'
说明:访问android.googlesource.com下载源码时,因为网络和后续Android源码维护升级等因素,有时效性,并不能保证以后一定还起作用。之前Android的代码是在Linux kernel(android.git.kernel.org)管理,被Kernel踢出来之后,Android源码现在直接由Google(android.googlesource.com)管理。
打印的错误很奇怪,Python是正确安装了的,版本也是要求的,找不出哪里出错了呀。其实官网(http://source.android.com/source/downloading.html)有段说明,如果认真执行就可解决。
Using authentication
By default, access to the Android source co
When sharing an IP address with other users (e.g. when accessing the source repositories from beyond a NAT firewall), the quotas can trigger even for regular usage patterns (e.g. if many users sync new clients from the same IP address within a short period).
In that case, it is possible to use authenticated access, which then uses a separate quota for each user, regardless of the IP address.
The first step is to create a password from the password generator and to save it in ~/.netrc according to the instructions on that page.
The second step is to force authenticated access, by using the following manifest URI:de>https://android.googlesource.com/a/platform/manifestde>. Notice how the de>/a/de> directory prefix triggers mandatory authentication. You can convert an existing client to use mandatory authentication with the following command:
$ repo init -u https://android.googlesource.com/a/platform/manifest
下面是具体操作:
1. 浏览器登录https://android.googlesource.com/new-password,并用gmail帐号登录;
2. 点击网页上的“允许访问”,得到类似:
3.把得到授权后的username和password粘到~/.netrc文件里,如果没此文件,新建。
即加入下面部分:
4.强制访问googlesource,执行初始化命令
注意由原来的
$ repo init -u https://android.googlesource.com/platform/manifest
改成了
$ repo init -u https://android.googlesource.com/ a/platform/manifest
对于下载不同版本的android代码,指定一个manifest分支(即只指明android对应的版本),使用-b参数(即下载某个版本的源代码),
如:下载基于android4.0的分支为android-4.0.1_r1的代码
这里以下载android4.2的分支为de>android-4.2_r1的de>代码为例:
$ repo init -u https://android.googlesource.com/ a/platform/manifest -b android-4.2_r1
也可尝试一下不加“/a”,自己试吧:
$ repo init -u https://android.googlesource.com/platform/manifest -b android-4.2_r1
执行以上命令后,会在/home/zhoulc/work/android4.2/目录中生成一个.repo的目录,此目录保存了将要下载的源代码的相关信息。
可能的错误信息(没有,则跳过红色部分):
如果执行$ repo init -u https://android.googlesource.com/a/platform/manifest -b android-4.2_r1
/home/zhoulc/bin/repo: line 1: syntax error near unexpected token `newline'
/home/zhoulc/bin/repo: line 1: `<!DOCTYPE html>
解决方案:
原来下载的repo不能用,得换一个:
执行:
$ curl "http://php.webtutor.pl/en/wp-content/uploads/2011/09/repo"> ~/bin/repo
$ chmod a+x ~/bin/repo
再运行就OK了:
$ repo init -u https://android.googlesource.com/a/platform/manifest -b android-4.2_r1
gpg: keyring `/home/zhoulc/.repoconfig/gnupg/secring.gpg' created
gpg: keyring `/home/zhoulc/.repoconfig/gnupg/pubring.gpg' created
gpg: /home/zhoulc/.repoconfig/gnupg/trustdb.gpg: trustdb created
gpg: key 920F5C65: public key "Repo Maintainer <repo@android.kernel.org>"表ed
。。。。。
Testing colorized output (for 'repo diff', 'repo status'):
black red green yellow blue magenta cyan white
bold dim ul reverse
Enable color display in this user account (y/n)? y
repo initialized in /home/zhoulc/work/android4.2
仓库初始化完毕了
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
执行之后的打印信息:
zhoulc@zhoulc-PC:~/work/android4.2$ repo init -u https://android.googlesource.com/a/platform/manifest
Get https://gerrit.googlesource.com/git-repo/clone.bundle
Get https://android.googlesource.com/a/platform/manifest
% Total % Received % Xferd Average Speed Time Time Time Current
Dload Upload Total Spent Left Speed
100 1 100 1 0 0 3 0 --:--:-- --:--:-- --:--:-- 4
100 96126 100 96126 0 0 120k 0 --:--:-- --:--:-- --:--:-- 1168k
Receiving objects: 100% (398/398), 85.13 KiB, done.
Resolving deltas: 100% (143/143), done.
From /home/zhoulc/work/android4.2/.repo/manifests.git/clone.bundle
* [new branch] tradefed -> origin/tradefed
* [new branch] tradedef -> origin/tradedef
* [new branch] tools_r20 -> origin/tools_r20
* [new branch] master-dalvik -> origin/master-dalvik
* [new branch] master -> origin/master
* [new branch] ics-mr1 -> origin/ics-mr1
* [new branch] ics-mr0 -> origin/ics-mr0
* [new branch] gingerbread-release -> origin/gingerbread-release
* [new branch] gingerbread -> origin/gingerbread
* [new branch] froyo -> origin/froyo
* [new branch] android-sdk-adt_r20 -> origin/android-sdk-adt_r20
* [new branch] android-sdk-adt_r16.0.1 -> origin/android-sdk-adt_r16.0.1
........
........
........
* [new tag] android-4.1.1_r1 -> android-4.1.1_r1
* [new tag] android-4.1.1_r1.1 -> android-4.1.1_r1.1
* [new tag] android-4.1.1_r1_ -> android-4.1.1_r1_
* [new tag] android-4.1.1_r2 -> android-4.1.1_r2
* [new tag] android-4.1.1_r3 -> android-4.1.1_r3
* [new tag] android-4.1.1_r4 -> android-4.1.1_r4
* [new tag] android-4.1.1_r5 -> android-4.1.1_r5
* [new tag] android-4.1.1_r6 -> android-4.1.1_r6
* [new tag] android-4.1.1_r6.1 -> android-4.1.1_r6.1
* [new tag] android-4.1.2_r1 -> android-4.1.2_r1
* [new tag] android-4.2.1_r1__ -> android-4.2.1_r1__
* [new tag] android-4.2_r1___ -> android-4.2_r1___
* [new tag] android-cts-4.1_r1 -> android-cts-4.1_r1
* [new tag] android-sdk-support_r11 -> android-sdk-support_r11
Your identity is: xxxx <xxxxx@xxxx.com>
If you want to change this, please re-run 'repo init' with --config-name
repo initialized in /home/zhoulc/work/android4.2
zhoulc@zhoulc-PC:~/work/android4.2$
5.同步代码即可:
$ repo sync
或开启多个线程: $ repo sync -j4
-----------------------------------------------------------------
repo sync时如果出现错误信息(没有出现此错误,请跳过):
$ repo sync
Initializing project platform/abi/cpp ...
fatal: '../platform/abi/cpp.git' does not appear to be a git repository
fatal: The remote end hung up unexpectedly
error: Cannot fetch platform/abi/cpp
解决方案:
可以查看根目录下有个.repo文件夹, 在.repo目录下的manifest.xml里找到fetch属性
改成
fetch= "git://Android.git.linaro.org/ "
即
$ vi .repo/manifest.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<manifest>
<remote name="aosp"
fetch=".."
review="https://android-review.googlesource.com/" />
<default revision="refs/tags/android-4.2_r1"
remote="aosp"
sync-j="4" />
将 fetch=".."修改成 fetch= "git://Android.git.linaro.org/ ",再sync就OK了
--------------------------------------------------------------
如果中间出现中断,这个很正常,你可以再次输入 ~/bin/repo sync 命令来进行下载。
根据网速的不同,下载时间也有快慢,最好在睡觉前或下班后下载代码,由于源文件比较大,一般国内都要5小时左右甚至更久。
若是出现以下信息,表示代码以下载完成:
........
........
........
* [new branch] tools_r21 -> aosp/tools_r21
* [new branch] master -> aosp/master
* [new branch] jb-mr1-release -> aosp/jb-mr1-release
* [new branch] jb-mr1-dev -> aosp/jb-mr1-dev
remote: Counting objects: 2506, done
remote: Finding sources: 100% (4/4)
remote: Total 4 (delta 0), reused 4 (delta 0)
Unpacking objects: 100% (4/4), done.
From https://android.googlesource.com/a/platform/tools/motodev
* [new tag] android-4.2.1_r1 -> android-4.2.1_r1
* [new tag] android-4.2_r1 -> android-4.2_r1
* [new tag] android-cts-4.2_r1 -> android-cts-4.2_r1
* [new tag] android-sdk-support_r11 -> android-sdk-support_r11
Fetching projects: 100% (329/329), done.
Checking out files: 100% (9390/9390), done.out files: 44% (4162/9390)
Checking out files: 100% (6764/6764), done.out files: 0% (2/6764)
Checking out files: 100% (24607/24607), done.ut files: 40% (10053/24607)
Checking out files: 100% (18696/18696), done.ut files: 1% (357/18696)
Checking out files: 100% (361/361), done.ng out files: 48% (175/361)
Checking out files: 100% (175/175), done.ng out files: 43% (76/175)
Checking out files: 100% (2407/2407), done. out files: 1% (39/2407)
Checking out files: 100% (137/137), done.ng out files: 44% (61/137)
Checking out files: 100% (40775/40775), done.ut files: 14% (5947/40775)
Checking out files: 100% (93/93), done.
Checking out files: 100% (450/450), done.
Checking out files: 100% (5265/5265), done. out files: 35% (1853/5265)
Checking out files: 100% (13/13), done.king out files: 15% (2/13)
Syncing work tree: 100% (329/329), done.
zhoulc@zhoulc-PC:~/work/android4.2$
运行~/bin/repo sync 还可以重新校对下载的源码,若是有问题或遗漏了一些文件会重新下载,并从.repo目录中导出到实际源码中
注:此步可能会出现下载错误,请查看本文最后部分的说明
2、编译环境的安装
首先若是没有修改源,请修改为国内的源,从而提高软件的下载安装的速度
可以参考下面博客的内容添加一些速度快的源,如:*源、Ubuntu官方上海源、网易、搜狐、
http://hi.baidu.com/houxn22/item/48f0f7d150657c16d80e4468
安装编译所需的软件
安装jdk
sudo apt-get install sun-java6-jdk
安装其它一些编译所需软件
在终端中执行:sudo apt-get install git-core gnupg flex bison gperf build-essential \
zip curl zlib1g-dev libc6-dev lib32ncurses5-dev ia32-libs \
x11proto-core-dev libx11-dev lib32readline5-dev lib32z-dev \
libgl1-mesa-dev g++-multilib mingw32 tofrodos python-markdown \
libxml2-utils xsltproc
基本只要安装以上软件即可,官方网站上说的其它一些软件或者设置可以不用理会。
注:此步可能会出现错误,请查看本文最后部分的说明
3、编译源代码
3.1编译初始化:
在终端中执行:
source build/envsetup.sh
或:
. build/envsetup.sh
执行后输出:
source build/envsetup.sh
including device/asus/grouper/vendorsetup.sh
including device/asus/tilapia/vendorsetup.sh
including device/generic/armv7-a-neon/vendorsetup.sh
including device/generic/armv7-a/vendorsetup.sh
including device/generic/mips/vendorsetup.sh
including device/generic/x86/vendorsetup.sh
including device/samsung/maguro/vendorsetup.sh
including device/samsung/manta/vendorsetup.sh
including device/samsung/toroplus/vendorsetup.sh
including device/samsung/toro/vendorsetup.sh
including device/ti/panda/vendorsetup.sh
including sdk/bash_completion/adb.bash
3.2选择编译目标:
$ lunch full-eng
或
$ lunch 1
执行后会又以下信息提示:
============================================
PLATFORM_VERSION_CODENAME=REL
PLATFORM_VERSION=4.2
TARGET_PRODUCT=full
TARGET_BUILD_VARIANT=eng
TARGET_BUILD_TYPE=release
TARGET_BUILD_APPS=
TARGET_ARCH=arm
TARGET_ARCH_VARIANT=armv7-a
HOST_ARCH=x86
HOST_OS=linux
HOST_OS_EXTRA=Linux-2.6.32-45-generic-x86_64-with-Ubuntu-10.04-lucid
HOST_BUILD_TYPE=release
BUILD_ID=JOP40C
OUT_DIR=out
============================================
3.3编译代码:
在终端中执行:make -j4
-j4:表示用四个线程来编译:
编译根据不同机器的配置不同所需时间也有很大差异,如本人电脑为intel i5-2300四核2.8,2G内存,晚上8点开始编译,将近凌晨2点才编译完成,所以编译源代码也最好是在睡觉时或下班后进行。
出现以下信息表示编译完成:
..............
Done!Install: out/target/product/generic/system/app/Browser.odex
Install: out/target/product/generic/system/app/Browser.apk
build/tools/generate-notice-files.py out/target/product/generic/obj/NOTICE.txt out/target/product/generic/obj/NOTICE.html "Notices for files contained in the filesystem images in this directory:" out/target/product/generic/obj/NOTICE_FILES/src
Combining NOTICE files into HTML
Combining NOTICE files into text
Installed file list: out/target/product/generic/installed-files.txt
Target system fs image: out/target/product/generic/obj/PACKAGING/systemimage_intermediates/system.img
Running: mkyaffs2image -f out/target/product/generic/system out/target/product/generic/obj/PACKAGING/systemimage_intermediates/system.img
Install system fs image: out/target/product/generic/system.img
zhoulc@zhoulc-PC:~/work/android4.2$
编译可能出现的错误,请查看本文最后部分的说明
4、运行模拟器
在终端中执行:emulator
运行模拟器可能出现的错误,请查看本文最后部分的说明
模拟器运行截图:
初始化:
开机后的待机界面:
待机二:
主菜单一:
主菜单二:
设置菜单中查看本版号:
锁屏一:
锁屏二:
5、相关问题的解决办法
5.1 下载源代码可能会提示的错误
5.1.1 error: Exited sync due to fetch errors...
希望各位不要出现这个错误,出现这个错误就要折腾一会了
首先继续repo sync,若是一直提示这个错误,那么就按照下面的方法来做吧:
关于这个问题其实google是有说明的http://source.android.com/source/downloading.html,为了防止连接数过多,每个ip都需要认证。。。
第一步:从这里 the password generator 获取用户名和密码,前提是你在之前填写了你的真实姓名和邮箱
第二步:将上面的页面上以machine开头的两行复制到 ~/.netrc文件中
第三步:repo init -u https://android.googlesource.com/a/platform/manifest 多了个“/a”
然后就可以repo sync了
特别注意.netrc文件是在用户的根目录下,root用户就是/目录下,如果没有的话就自己建一个,把权限改为 *00
5.1.2若是出现这个错误:Exited sync due to gc errors
表示代码基本下载完,需要从repo里面导出来,但是git的版本太低,不支持1.72以下版本。
添加这个源:deb http://ftp.de.debian.org/debian sid main。
在终端中执行:gedit /etc/apt/source.list
在文件的最后添加deb http://ftp.de.debian.org/debian sid main,并保存退出
回到终端中执行:sudo apt-get update
更新完后,安装高版本的git工具
在终端中执行:sudo apt-get install git-core
5.1.3 代码下载过程中,经常提示以下错误:
error: Failed connect to android.googlesource.com:443;Connection refused while accessing https://android.googlesource.com/a/platform/frameworks/base/info/refs
fatal: HTTP request failed
error: Cannot fetch platform/tools/motodev
error: Cannot fetch platform/frameworks/base
error: Cannot fetch platform/prebuilts/sdk
error: Exited sync due to fetch errors
解决方法:编辑/etc/hosts文件
$ vim /etc/hosts
增加下面内容,保存(提前保存好):
74.125.31.82 www.googlesource.com
74.125.31.82 android.googlesource.com
203.208.46.172 cache.pack.google.com
59.24.3.173 cache.pack.google.com
5.2安装编译环境的软件可能会出现的问题
下列软件包有未满足的依赖关系: libasound2: 破坏: libasound2-plugins (< 1.0.24-0ubuntu3) 但是 1.0.22-0ubuntu6正要被安装 libglib2.0-0: 破坏: gnome-control-center (< 1:3) 但是 1:2.30.0-0ubuntu4 正要被安装 ppp: 破坏: network-manager (<= 0.8.0.999-1) 但是 0.8-0ubuntu3 正要被安装E: 破损的软件包
某些源有问题,为高版本 ubuntu的源 ,删除即可,如安装高版本的git所用的源就是ubuntu 10.4之后的源,用在10.04上就可以会有问题,引起此提示。
在终端中执行:gedit /etc/apt/source.list
把文件的最后 deb http://ftp.de.debian.org/debian sid main 删除,并保存退出
回到终端中执行:sudo apt-get update
再次重新安装编译环境的软件
5.3、编译可能会遇到的问题:
5.3.1运行make命令后,提示以下错误:/bin/bash: java: command not found
首先检查是否确实安装了jdk,在终端中输入:java -version ,若是有安装jdk,就会显示jdk的版本信息,提示出错,说明没有安装jdk,那么就安装jdk。
安装jdk后还是提示上面的错误信息,则按执行以下命令建立链接文件来解决问题:
sudo ln -s /jdk1.6.0_21/bin/jar ~/bin/jar
sudo ln -s /jdk1.6.0_21/bin/java ~/bin/java
sudo ln -s /jdk1.6.0_21/bin/javac ~/bin/javac
sudo ln -s /jdk1.6.0_21/bin/javah ~/bin/javah
sudo ln -s /jdk1.6.0_21/bin/javadoc ~/bin/javadoc
重新编译若还是提示一样的错误,再执行下面的命令:
sudo ln -s /jdk1.6.0_21/bin/jar /bin/jar
sudo ln -s /jdk1.6.0_21/bin/java /bin/java
sudo ln -s /jdk1.6.0_21/bin/javac /bin/javac
sudo ln -s /jdk1.6.0_21/bin/javah /bin/javah
sudo ln -s /jdk1.6.0_21/bin/javadoc /bin/javadoc
至此java的问题应该可以解决
5.3.2 编译出现以下错误提示:
============================================
Checking build tools versions...
************************************************************
You are attempting to build with the incorrect version
of java.
Your version is: java version "1.6.0_24".
The correct version is: Java SE 1.6.
Please follow the machine setup instructions at
https://source.android.com/source/download.html
************************************************************
build/core/main.mk:141: *** stop。 停止。
切换从普通用户登,然后修改源码目录的存取权限:chmod 777 src
之后再运行编译命令再次编译
5.3.3 No command 'lunch' found, did you mean:
解决方法:
运行以下命令:
source build/envsetup.sh
之后再次运行编译命令:lunch full-eng或lunch full-user ……..
5.4运行模拟器可能会出现的问题:
No command 'emulator' found, did you mean:
编译成功之后,在终端运行emulator命令,却提示:
No command 'emulator' found, did you mean:
Command 'qemulator' from package 'qemulator' (universe)
emulator: command not found
解决方法:
重新运行以下命令:
source build/envsetup.sh
lunch full-eng
之后再次运行 emulator 命令
本文转载自:http://blog.163.com/zhou_411424/blog/static/1973621562012111782412775/