技术细节参见Linux网络设置高级指南
注意事项参见程序注释
快速使用指南：
- 根菜单下，直接回车意味着刷新
- 其它输入的时候，除了标明特定含义外，直接回车通常意味着取消或者跳过
net-config.py
|
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
|
#!/usr/bin/env python3# -*- coding: UTF-8 -*-"""网络设置脚本在debian wheezy环境下测试通过依赖命令：ip, iw, wpa_supplicant, wpa_cli, dhclient注意：- /etc/network/interfaces里面仅保留lo设备配置- 与Gnome Network Manager/Wicd是否冲突未知"""__author__ = 'M@llon'
__version__ = ''
import os
import sys
import traceback
import net
def test(v):
test.result = v
return v
def select_interface(interfaces):
"""
选择一个已知接口
返回接口名
直接回车返回空字符串
"""
while True:
name = input('Enter interface name: ')
if name == '' or name in interfaces:
return name
def connect_wireless(interface_name):
"""
连接无线
"""
ssid = None
while True:
ssid = input('Enter SSID, RETURN for scanning: ')
if not ssid:
for s in net.get_ssids(interface_name):
print(s)
else:
break
sec = input('Select security method Open/WEP/WPA [0,1,2]: ')
if sec == '0':
net.connect_wireless(interface_name, ssid)
elif sec == '1':
keys = input('Enter comma separated keys: ').split(',')
net.connect_wireless_with_wep(interface_name, ssid, keys)
elif sec == '2':
key = input('Enter key: ')
net.connect_wireless_with_wpa(interface_name, ssid, key)
def setup_ip_gateway_dns(interface_name):
"""
手工设置IP地址、默认网关和DNS
"""
if test(input('Enter comma separated ip addresses: ')):
ip_addresses = test.result.split(',')
net.set_ip_addresses(interface_name, ip_addresses)
if test(input('Enter gateway address: ')):
ip_address = test.result
net.set_default_route(interface_name, ip_address)
if test(input('Enter comma separated dns addresses: ')):
name_servers = test.result.split(',')
net.set_name_servers(name_servers)
if __name__ == '__main__':
# 提升到root权限
if os.geteuid():
args = [sys.executable] + sys.argv
# 下面两种写法，一种使用su，一种使用sudo，都可以
#os.execlp('su', 'su', '-c', ' '.join(args))
os.execlp('sudo', 'sudo', *args)
# 显示根菜单
while True:
try:
interfaces = net.get_interfaces()
os.system('clear')
net.print_state(interfaces, net.get_default_route(), net.get_name_servers())
except Exception as ex:
traceback.print_exc()
break
print('Root Menu:')
print(' 0 - Quit')
print(' 1 - cleanup all settings')
print(' 2 - enable interface')
print(' 3 - disable interface')
print(' 4 - connect interface')
print(' 5 - disconnect interface')
print(' 6 - setup ip, gateway and dns using dhcp')
print(' 7 - setup ip, gateway and dns manually')
print(' 8 - load preset')
print()
try:
choice = input('Enter your choice: ')
if choice == '0':
break
elif choice == '1':
if input('Are you sure? [y/n]: ').lower() == 'y':
net.cleanup_all(interfaces)
elif choice in ('2', '3', '4', '5', '6', '7') and test(select_interface(interfaces)):
name = test.result
if choice == '2':
if not interfaces[name]['enabled']:
net.enable_interface(name)
elif choice == '3':
if interfaces[name]['enabled']:
if interfaces[name]['connected'] and interfaces[name]['wireless']:
net.disconnect_wireless(name)
net.disable_interface(name)
elif choice == '4':
if interfaces[name]['enabled'] and interfaces[name]['wireless'] and (
not interfaces[name]['connected']):
connect_wireless(name)
elif choice == '5':
if interfaces[name]['connected'] and interfaces[name]['wireless']:
net.disconnect_wireless(name)
elif choice == '6':
if interfaces[name]['connected']:
net.set_dhcp(name)
elif choice == '7':
setup_ip_gateway_dns(name)
except KeyboardInterrupt as ex:
print()
break
except Exception as ex:
traceback.print_exc()
input('Press any key to continue...')
|
net.py
|
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
209
210
211
212
213
214
215
216
217
218
219
220
221
222
223
224
225
226
227
228
229
230
231
232
233
234
235
236
237
238
239
240
241
242
243
244
245
246
247
248
249
250
251
252
253
254
255
256
257
258
259
260
261
262
263
264
265
|
#!/usr/bin/env python3# -*- coding: UTF-8 -*-"""常用网络命令的python封装"""__author__ = 'M@llon'
__version__ = ''
import os
import re
def test(v):
test.result = v
return v
def get_interfaces():
"""
获取所有网络接口信息
遇到任何错误均抛出异常
"""
interfaces = dict()
# 获取接口名、索引号、启停状态、连接状态、硬件地址、IPv4地址
for line in os.popen('ip -o addr show'):
if test(re.match('^(\d+):\s+(\w+):\s+<(.+?)>\s+.+?state\s+(\w+)\s+.+?link/(\w+)\s+(\S+)\s+.+?\n$', line)):
m = test.result
# 这些标记的含义参见“/linux/if.h”中的“IFF_...”宏
flags = m.group(3).split(',')
# 去掉回环接口
if 'LOOPBACK' in flags:
continue
interfaces[m.group(2)] = {
'index': int(m.group(1)),
'enabled': 'UP' in flags,
'connected': {'UP': True, 'DOWN': False}.get(m.group(4)),
'hardware_address': m.group(6),
'wireless': False,
'ip_addresses': list()
}
elif test(re.match('^\d+:\s+(\w+)\s+inet\s+(\S+)\s+.+?\n$', line)):
m = test.result
name = m.group(1)
interface = interfaces.get(name)
if not interface:
# 此处就排除了上面去掉的接口，例如loopback接口
continue
interface['ip_addresses'].append(m.group(2))
# 获取无线类型的接口
for line in os.popen('iw dev'):
if test(re.match('^\s+Interface\s+(\w+)\s*?\n$', line)):
# 接口是否为wireless
interfaces[test.result.group(1)]['wireless'] = True
# 获取无线类型的接口的连接信息
for name in interfaces:
interface = interfaces[name]
if interface['wireless']:
for line in os.popen('iw dev %s link' % name):
# 此处也可以通过“Connected ...”行判断是否已连接，但是上面已经判断了
if test(re.match('^\s+SSID:\s+(\S+)\s*?\n$', line)):
# 获取SSID
interface['ssid'] = test.result.group(1)
return interfaces
def get_default_route():
"""
获取默认路由信息
"""
default_route = None
for line in os.popen('ip route show'):
if test(re.match('^\s*default\s+via\s+(\S+)\s+dev\s+(\S+)\s*\n$', line)):
m = test.result
default_route = {
'ip_address': m.group(1),
'interface_name': m.group(2)
}
break
return default_route
def get_name_servers():
"""
获取域名服务器IP地址列表
"""
name_servers = list()
for line in open('/etc/resolv.conf'):
if test(re.match('^\s*nameserver\s+(\S+)\s*\n$', line)):
name_servers.append(test.result.group(1))
return name_servers
def print_state(interfaces, default_route, name_servers):
"""
打印所有网络接口、路由以及DNS信息
"""
# 网络接口
print('Network Interfaces:')
print(' %10s %8s %17s %s' % (
'name',
'type',
'mac address',
'state',
))
print(' ---------- -------- ----------------- -----')
for name in interfaces:
interface = interfaces[name]
state = list()
if interface['enabled']:
state.append('enabled')
if interface['connected']:
state.append('connected')
if test(interface.get('ssid')):
state.append('ssid:%s' % test.result)
if len(interface['ip_addresses']):
state.append('ip:%s' % ','.join(interface['ip_addresses']))
print(' %10s %8s %17s %s' % (
name,
'wireless' if interface['wireless'] else 'wired',
interface['hardware_address'],
', '.join(state) if len(state) else 'N/A'
))
print()
# 默认路由
print('Default Gateway:')
if default_route:
print(' ---> %s ---> %s' % (default_route['interface_name'], default_route['ip_address']))
else:
print(' N/A')
print()
# DNS
print('DNS:')
if len(name_servers):
print(' %s' % ', '.join(name_servers))
else:
print(' N/A')
print()
def cleanup_all(interfaces):
"""
清理网络接口所有的设置、默认路由以及DNS
"""
# 结束“supplicant”进程
os.system('killall wpa_supplicant')
# 禁用所有网络接口，删除所有IP地址以及路由
for name in interfaces:
os.system('ip link set %s down' % name)
os.system('ip addr flush %s' % name)
# 删除所有DNS地址
open('/etc/resolv.conf', 'w').close()
def enable_interface(interface_name):
"""
启用网络接口
"""
os.system('ip link set %s up' % interface_name)
def disable_interface(interface_name):
"""
禁用网络接口
"""
os.system('ip link set %s down' % interface_name)
def get_ssids(interface_name):
"""
扫描SSID
"""
ssids = list()
for line in os.popen('iw dev %s scan' % interface_name):
if test(re.match('^\s+SSID:\s+(\S+)\s*?\n$', line)):
ssids.append(test.result.group(1))
return ssids
def connect_wireless(interface_name, ssid):
"""
连接非加密的无线网
"""
os.system('iw dev %s connect -w %s' % (interface_name, ssid))
def connect_wireless_with_wep(interface_name, ssid, keys):
"""
连接WEP加密的无线网
"""
os.system('iw dev %s connect -w %s key %s' % (interface_name, ssid, ' '.join(keys)))
def connect_wireless_with_wpa(interface_name, ssid, key):
"""
连接WPA加密的无线网
"""
os.system(
'wpa_supplicant -i %s -D nl80211,wext -s -B -P /var/run/wpa_supplicant.%s.pid -C /var/run/wpa_supplicant' % (
interface_name, interface_name
))
os.system('wpa_cli -i %s add_network' % interface_name)
os.system('wpa_cli -i %s set_network 0 ssid \'"%s"\'' % (interface_name, ssid))
os.system('wpa_cli -i %s set_network 0 key_mgmt WPA-PSK' % interface_name)
os.system('wpa_cli -i %s set_network 0 psk \'"%s"\'' % (interface_name, key))
os.system('wpa_cli -i %s enable_network 0' % interface_name)
def disconnect_wireless(interface_name):
"""
关闭无线连接
"""
pattern = '^\s*\S+\s+(\S+)\s+.+?wpa_supplicant.%s.pid.+?\n$' % interface_name
for line in os.popen('ps aux'):
if test(re.match(pattern, line)):
pid = test.result.group(1)
os.system('kill -9 %s' % pid)
os.system('iw dev %s disconnect' % interface_name)
def set_dhcp(interface_name):
"""
使用DHCP设置接口
"""
os.system('dhclient -r %s' % interface_name)
os.system('dhclient %s' % interface_name)
def set_ip_addresses(interface_name, ip_addresses):
"""
设置某网络接口的IP地址
"""
os.system('ip addr flush %s' % interface_name)
for ip_address in ip_addresses:
os.system('ip addr add %s dev %s' % (ip_address, interface_name))
def set_default_route(interface_name, ip_address):
"""
设置默认路由
"""
os.system('ip route del default')
os.system('ip route add default via %s dev %s' % (ip_address, interface_name))
def set_name_servers(name_servers):
"""
设置域名服务器地址
"""
with open('/etc/resolv.conf', 'w') as fp:
for name_server in name_servers:
fp.write('nameserver %s%s' % (name_server, os.linesep))
|