Objective-C的异常比较像Java的异常处理,也有@finally的处理,不管异常是否捕获都都要执行。
异常处理捕获的语法:
@try { <#statements#> } @catch (NSException *exception) { <#handler#> } @finally { <#statements#> }@catch{} 块 对异常的捕获应该先细后粗,即是说先捕获特定的异常,再使用一些泛些的异常类型。
我们自定义两个异常类,看看异常异常处理的使用。
1、新建SomethingException,SomeOverException这两个类,都继承与NSException类。
SomethingException.h
#import <Foundation/Foundation.h> @interface SomethingException : NSException @endSomethingException.m
#import "SomethingException.h" @implementation SomethingException @endSomeOverException.h
#import <Foundation/Foundation.h> @interface SomeOverException : NSException @endSomeOverException.m
#import "SomeOverException.h" @implementation SomeOverException @end
2、新建Box类,在某些条件下产生异常。
#import <Foundation/Foundation.h> @interface Box : NSObject { NSInteger number; } -(void) setNumber: (NSInteger) num; -(void) pushIn; -(void) pullOut; -(void) printNumber; @end
@implementation Box -(id) init { self = [super init]; if ( self ) { [self setNumber: 0]; } return self; } -(void) setNumber: (NSInteger) num { number = num; if ( number > 10 ) { NSException *e = [SomeOverException exceptionWithName: @"BoxOverflowException" reason: @"The level is above 100" userInfo: nil]; @throw e; } else if ( number >= 6 ) { // throw warning NSException *e = [SomethingException exceptionWithName: @"BoxWarningException" reason: @"The level is above or at 60" userInfo: nil]; @throw e; } else if ( number < 0 ) { // throw exception NSException *e = [NSException exceptionWithName: @"BoxUnderflowException" reason: @"The level is below 0" userInfo: nil]; @throw e; } } -(void) pushIn { [self setNumber: number + 1]; } -(void) pullOut { [self setNumber: number - 1]; } -(void) printNumber { NSLog(@"Box number is: %d", number); } @end这个类的作用是,初始化Box时,number数字是0,可以用pushIn 方法往Box里推入数字,每调用一次,number加1.当number数字大于等于6时产生SomethingException异常,告诉你数字达到或超过6了,超过10时产生 SomeOverException异常,小于1时产生普通的NSException异常。
这里写 [SomeOverException exceptionWithName:@"BoxOverflowException" reason:@"The level is above 100"异常的名称和理由,在捕获时可以获取。
3、使用Box,在适当添加下捕获Box类的异常
3.1、在没超过6时,没有异常
- (void)viewDidLoad { [super viewDidLoad]; NSAutoreleasePool *pool = [[NSAutoreleasePool alloc] init]; Box *box = [[Box alloc]init]; for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) { [box pushIn]; [box printNumber]; } }打印结果:
Box number is: 1
Box number is: 2
Box number is: 3
Box number is: 4
Box number is: 5
3.2 超过6,产生异常
for (int i = 0; i < 11; i++) { [box pushIn]; [box printNumber]; }
2012-07-04 09:12:05.889 ObjectiveCTest[648:f803] Box number is: 1 2012-07-04 09:12:05.890 ObjectiveCTest[648:f803] Box number is: 2 2012-07-04 09:12:05.890 ObjectiveCTest[648:f803] Box number is: 3 2012-07-04 09:12:05.890 ObjectiveCTest[648:f803] Box number is: 4 2012-07-04 09:12:05.891 ObjectiveCTest[648:f803] Box number is: 5 2012-07-04 09:12:05.891 ObjectiveCTest[648:f803] *** Terminating app due to uncaught exception 'BoxWarningException', reason: 'The number is above or at 60'这是时, 程序抛出异常崩溃了。那怎么使程序不崩溃呢,做异常处理。
3.3、加上异常处理
for (int i = 0; i < 11; i++) { @try { [box pushIn]; } @catch (SomethingException *exception) { NSLog(@"%@ %@", [exception name], [exception reason]); } @catch (SomeOverException *exception) { NSLog(@"%@", [exception name]); } @finally { [box printNumber]; } }运行,程序没有崩溃,打印结果:
2012-07-04 09:14:35.165 ObjectiveCTest[688:f803] Box number is: 1 2012-07-04 09:14:35.167 ObjectiveCTest[688:f803] Box number is: 2 2012-07-04 09:14:35.167 ObjectiveCTest[688:f803] Box number is: 3 2012-07-04 09:14:35.167 ObjectiveCTest[688:f803] Box number is: 4 2012-07-04 09:14:35.167 ObjectiveCTest[688:f803] Box number is: 5 2012-07-04 09:14:35.167 ObjectiveCTest[688:f803] BoxWarningException The number is above or at 60 2012-07-04 09:14:35.168 ObjectiveCTest[688:f803] Box number is: 6 2012-07-04 09:14:35.168 ObjectiveCTest[688:f803] BoxWarningException The number is above or at 60 2012-07-04 09:14:35.168 ObjectiveCTest[688:f803] Box number is: 7 2012-07-04 09:14:35.168 ObjectiveCTest[688:f803] BoxWarningException The number is above or at 60 2012-07-04 09:14:35.168 ObjectiveCTest[688:f803] Box number is: 8 2012-07-04 09:14:35.168 ObjectiveCTest[688:f803] BoxWarningException The number is above or at 60 2012-07-04 09:14:35.169 ObjectiveCTest[688:f803] Box number is: 9 2012-07-04 09:14:35.169 ObjectiveCTest[688:f803] BoxWarningException The number is above or at 60 2012-07-04 09:14:35.169 ObjectiveCTest[688:f803] Box number is: 10 2012-07-04 09:14:35.169 ObjectiveCTest[688:f803] BoxOverflowException 2012-07-04 09:14:35.225 ObjectiveCTest[688:f803] Box number is: 11超过10时,SomeOverException 异常抛出。
3.4 、小于0时的异常
在Box类的setNumber里,当number小于0时,我们抛出普通异常。
@try { [box setNumber:-10]; } @catch (NSException *exception) { NSLog(@"%@",[exception name]); } @finally { [box printNumber]; }打印结果:
2012-07-04 09:17:42.405 ObjectiveCTest[753:f803] BoxUnderflowException 2012-07-04 09:17:42.406 ObjectiveCTest[753:f803] Box number is: -10
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