1）sudo用户权限集中管理
1.分析业务需求
根据业务不同，区分不通权限
初级运维 |
tom |
高级运维 |
lucy |
运维经理 |
stven |
初级开发 |
john |
开发经理 |
jie |
网络工程师 |
san |
2.权限分类（示例）
初级运维 |
/bin/cat,/bin/ls,/usr/bin/top |
高级运维 |
/bin/cat,/bin/cat,/bin/ls,/bin/vi,/bin/cp,/bin/rm,/bin/su |
运维经理 |
all |
初级开发 |
/bin/cat,/bin/ls |
开发经理 |
All,/usr/bin/passwd,!/usr/bin/passwd root,!/bin/vi /etc/sudoers,!/usr/bin/vim /etc/sudoers |
网络工程师 |
/sbin/ifconfig |
3.用户别名
# User_Alias ADMINS = jsmith, mikem
CHUJI_YUNWEI |
tom |
GAOJI_YUNWEI |
lucy |
SAMANAGER |
stven |
CHUJI_KAIFA |
john |
SOFTMANAGER |
jie |
NETWORK |
san |
User_Alias CHUJI_YUNWEI = tom
User_Alias GAOJI_YUNWEI = lucy
User_Alias SAMANAGER = stven
User_Alias CHUJI_KAIFA = john
User_Alias SOFTMANAGER = jie
User_Alias NETWORK = san
4.命令别名
注意一行命令没写完，要用“\”转接到下一行接续
Cmnd_Alias CHUJI_YUNWEI_CMD = /bin/cat,/bin/ls,/usr/bin/top
Cmnd_Alias GAOJI_YUNWEI_CMD= /bin/cat,/bin/cat,/bin/ls,/bin/vi,/bin/cp,/bin/rm,/bin/su
Cmnd_Alias SAMANAGER_CMD = all
Cmnd_Alias CHUJI_KAIFA_CMD = /bin/cat,/bin/ls
Cmnd_Alias SOFTMANAGER_CMD = All,/usr/bin/passwd,\
!/usr/bin/passwd root,!/bin/vi /etc/sudoers,!/usr/bin/vim /etc/sudoers
Cmnd_Alias NETWORK_CMD = /sbin/ifconfig
5.主机别名
Host_Alias SERVER = student
6.编辑/etc/sudoers授权
[root@student ~]# visudo
CHUJI_YUNWEI ALL=（ALL） CHUJI_YUNWEI_CMD
GAOJI_YUNWEI ALL=（ALL） GAOJI_YUNWEI_CMD
SAMANAGER ALL=（ALL） SAMANAGER_CMD
CHUJI_KAIFA ALL=（SERVER） CHUJI_KAIFA_CMD
SOFTMANAGER ALL=（SERVER） SOFTMANAGER_CMD
NETWORK ALL=（ALL） NETWORK_CMD
实战操作：
1）将以下内容追加到/etc/sudoer文件中
[root@student ~]# visudo
User_Alias CHUJI_YUNWEI = tom
User_Alias GAOJI_YUNWEI = lucy
User_Alias SAMANAGER = stven
User_Alias CHUJI_KAIFA = john
User_Alias SOFTMANAGER = jie
User_Alias NETWORK = san
Cmnd_Alias CHUJI_YUNWEI_CMD = /bin/cat,/bin/ls,/usr/bin/top
Cmnd_Alias GAOJI_YUNWEI_CMD= /bin/cat,/bin/cat,/bin/ls,/bin/vi,/bin/cp,/bin/rm,/bin/su
Cmnd_Alias CHUJI_KAIFA_CMD = /bin/cat,/bin/ls
Cmnd_Alias SAMANAGER_CMD = ALL
Cmnd_Alias SOFTMANAGER_CMD = ALL,!/usr/bin/passwd,\
!/usr/bin/passwd root,!/bin/vi /etc/sudoers,!/usr/bin/vim /etc/sudoers
Cmnd_Alias NETWORK_CMD = /sbin/ifconfig
CHUJI_YUNWEI ALL = (ALL) CHUJI_YUNWEI_CMD
GAOJI_YUNWEI ALL = (ALL) GAOJI_YUNWEI_CMD
SAMANAGER ALL = (ALL) SAMANAGER_CMD
CHUJI_KAIFA SERVER = (ALL) CHUJI_KAIFA_CMD
SOFTMANAGER ALL = (ALL) SOFTMANAGER_CMD
NETWORK ALL = (ALL) NETWORK_CMD
"/etc/sudoers.tmp" 145L, 4842C written
[root@student ~]#
sudo -l 可以查看当前用户下的sudu命令权限
[root@student ~]# su - tom[tom@student ~]$ sudo -l[sudo] password for tom: 匹配此主机上 tom 的默认条目： requiretty, !visiblepw, always_set_home, env_reset, env_keep="COLORS DISPLAY HOSTNAME HISTSIZE INPUTRC KDEDIR LS_COLORS", env_keep+="MAIL PS1 PS2 QTDIR USERNAME LANG LC_ADDRESS LC_CTYPE", env_keep+="LC_COLLATE LC_IDENTIFICATION LC_MEASUREMENT LC_MESSAGES", env_keep+="LC_MONETARY LC_NAME LC_NUMERIC LC_PAPER LC_TELEPHONE", env_keep+="LC_TIME LC_ALL LANGUAGE LINGUAS _XKB_CHARSET XAUTHORITY", secure_path=/sbin\:/bin\:/usr/sbin\:/usr/bin 用户 tom 可以在该主机上运行以下命令： (ALL) /bin/cat, /bin/ls, /usr/bin/top[tom@student ~]$ sudo cp /etc/services /tmp对不起，用户 tom 无权以 root 的身份在 student 上执行 /bin/cp /etc/services /tmp。[tom@student ~]$ sudo cp /etc/services /tmp对不起，用户 tom 无权以 root 的身份在 student 上执行 /bin/cp /etc/services /tmp。[tom@student ~]$
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2）Sudo日志审计
安装sudo和rsyslog服务
[root@student ~]# rpm -aq | egrep "sudo|rsyslog"rsyslog-5.8.10-8.el6.x86_64sudo-1.8.6p3-12.el6.x86_64[root@student ~]#
没有的话可以yum install rsyslog -y
创建sudo日志文件
[root@student ~]# cat /etc/redhat-release CentOS release 6.5 (Final)[root@student ~]#echo “local2.debug /var/log/sudo.log” >>/etc/rsyslog.conf[root@student ~]# tail -1 /etc/rsyslog.conf local2.debug /var/log/sudo.log[root@student ~]#echo “local2.debug /var/log/sudo.log” >>/etc/rsyslog.conf
重启rsyslog服务
[root@student ~]# /etc/init.d/rsyslog restart关闭系统日志记录器： [确定]启动系统日志记录器： [确定][root@student ~]#
测试：
[root@student ~]# su - lucy[lucy@student ~]$ sudo -l[sudo] password for lucy: 匹配此主机上 lucy 的默认条目： requiretty, !visiblepw, always_set_home, env_reset, env_keep="COLORS DISPLAY HOSTNAME HISTSIZE INPUTRC KDEDIR LS_COLORS", env_keep+="MAIL PS1 PS2 QTDIR USERNAME LANG LC_ADDRESS LC_CTYPE", env_keep+="LC_COLLATE LC_IDENTIFICATION LC_MEASUREMENT LC_MESSAGES", env_keep+="LC_MONETARY LC_NAME LC_NUMERIC LC_PAPER LC_TELEPHONE", env_keep+="LC_TIME LC_ALL LANGUAGE LINGUAS _XKB_CHARSET XAUTHORITY", secure_path=/sbin\:/bin\:/usr/sbin\:/usr/bin 用户 lucy 可以在该主机上运行以下命令： (ALL) /bin/cat, /bin/cat, /bin/ls, /bin/vi, /bin/cp, /bin/rm, /bin/su[lucy@student ~]$ mv /tmp/services /mv: 无法将"/tmp/services" 移动至"/services": 不允许的操作[lucy@student ~]$ sudo mv /tmp/services /对不起，用户 lucy 无权以 root 的身份在 student 上执行 /bin/mv /tmp/services /。[lucy@student ~]$ [lucy@student ~]$ cat /var/log/sudo.log cat: /var/log/sudo.log: 权限不够[lucy@student ~]$ sudo cat /var/log/sudo.logNov 19 04:35:53 : lucy : 命令禁止使用 ; TTY=pts/1 ; PWD=/home/lucy ; USER=root ; COMMAND=/usr/sbin/visudoNov 19 04:36:22 : lucy : 命令禁止使用 ; TTY=pts/1 ; PWD=/home/lucy ; USER=root ; COMMAND=/bin/touch /a.txtNov 19 04:37:26 : tom : 命令禁止使用 ; TTY=pts/1 ; PWD=/home/tom ; USER=root ; COMMAND=/sbin/ifconfigNov 19 04:37:40 : tom : TTY=pts/1 ; PWD=/home/tom ; USER=root ; COMMAND=list[lucy@student ~]$
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3)日志集中管理
1）rsync+inotify或定时任务+rsync,推到日志管理服务器上，10.0.0.7_20120309.sudo.log
2)syslog服务来处理
添加hosts解析
[root@MySQL-A~]#echo "10.10.10.1 logserver">>/etc/hosts
#日志服务器地址
[root@MySQL-A~]#echo "*.info @logserver">>/etc/syslog.conf<<====适合所有日志推走
3）日志收集解决方案scribe、Flume、logstash、stom
本文出自 “秦仙儿” 博客，请务必保留此出处http://youdong.blog.51cto.com/3562886/1719639