参考资料:http://huangqiqing123.iteye.com/blog/1420465
【一、SQL命令】
--- 禁用指定表所有外键约束
alter table [表名] NOCHECK constraint all
--- 启用指定表所有外键约束
alter table [表名] CHECK constraint all
【二、拼装SQL语句】
-- 禁用指定表外键约束的sql
select 'ALTER TABLE '+b.name+' NOCHECK CONSTRAINT '+a.name+';'
from sysobjects a
inner join sysobjects b onb.id=a.parent_obj
where a.xtype='f'andb.name='表名'
-- 启用指定表外键约束的sql
select 'ALTER TABLE '+b.name+' CHECK CONSTRAINT '+a.name+';'
from sysobjects a
inner join sysobjects b onb.id=a.parent_obj
where a.xtype='f'andb.name='表名'
【三、查询字典表sys.foreign_keys】
查看约束状态(查询字典表sys.foreign_keys,该字典表开始出现于sqlserver2005及以上版本):
select name , is_disabled from sys.foreign_keys order by name
其中:
name :外键约束名称
is_disabled :是否已禁用(这个值很重要,如下图)。
【使用案例】
要求:
我们现在要做一些单据记录(包括单头与单据明细)导入到转到历史表中,导入完后删除当前表的记录。
遇到问题:
因为单头表与单据明细表作了约束,所以无论导数到历史表或者删除当前表的记录都涉及约束的问题。我们非常清楚每个表的记录依赖关系,必须先导单头记录,再导单据明细记录,否则就会违返约束不能继续;删除当前表的记录时即相反,先要删除单据明细记录,再删除单头记录,否则同样会违返约束不能继续。
解决方法:
在导数和删除记录前将约束停用,在导数和删除记录后重新开启约束。(当然触发器也要作相同的处理)
--Sql脚本:
use [数据库]
Go
SET XACT_ABORT ON
begin tran
-- 1.禁用FOREIGN KEY约束(即禁用要求“强制外键约束”的关系)
DECLARE @TableName sysname, @ConstraintName sysname,@SQLString nvarchar(500)
SELECT object_name(parent_obj) as TableName, name as ConstraintName
into [_MyForeignKey]
FROM sysobjects f
WHERE
exists(select * from sys.foreign_keys t where t.[is_disabled]=0 and t.[name]=f.name and t.[Object_ID]=f.ID) --有“强制外键约束”
and f.xtype=N'F'
DECLARE cTmp CURSOR local static read_only forward_only FOR
SELECT TableName, ConstraintName
FROM [_MyForeignKey]
OPEN cTmp
FETCH cTmp INTO @TableName, @ConstraintName
WHILE (@@FETCH_STATUS= 0)
BEGIN
SET @SQLString='ALTER TABLE '+@TableName+ ' NOCHECK CONSTRAINT '+ @ConstraintName
EXEC sp_executesql @SQLString
-- Next
FETCH cTmp INTO @TableName, @ConstraintName
END
CLOSE cTmp
DEALLOCATE cTmp
-- 2.关闭触发器
DECLARE cTmp CURSOR local static read_only forward_only FOR
SELECT name FROM sysobjects WHERE xtype= N'U'
OPEN cTmp
FETCH cTmp INTO @TableName
WHILE (@@FETCH_STATUS= 0)
BEGIN
SET @SQLString='ALTER TABLE '+@TableName+ ' DISABLE TRIGGER all'
EXEC sp_executesql @SQLString
-- Next
FETCH cTmp INTO @TableName
END
CLOSE cTmp
DEALLOCATE cTmp
-- 3.导数并删除记录( 注意不能用 trucate table, 只能用 delete)
-- 危险操作,暂时注释
--DECLARE cTmp CURSOR local static read_only forward_only FOR
-- SELECT name FROM sysobjects
-- WHERE xtype= N'U' and name <> '_MyForeignKey' -- 注意:必须排除[_MyForeignKey]表,否则无法恢复外键约束
-- order by name
--OPEN cTmp
--FETCH cTmp INTO @TableName
--WHILE (@@FETCH_STATUS= 0)
--BEGIN
-- SET @SQLString='delete '+@TableName + ' '
-- print @SQLString
-- EXEC sp_executesql @SQLString
--
-- -- Next
-- FETCH cTmp INTO @TableName
--END
--CLOSE cTmp
--DEALLOCATE cTmp
-- 4.恢复触发器及外键约束
DECLARE cTmp CURSOR local static read_only forward_only FOR
SELECT name FROM sysobjects WHERE xtype= N'U'
OPEN cTmp
FETCH cTmp INTO @TableName
WHILE (@@FETCH_STATUS= 0)
BEGIN
SET @SQLString='ALTER TABLE '+@TableName+ ' ENABLE TRIGGER all'
EXEC sp_executesql @SQLString
-- Next
FETCH cTmp INTO @TableName
END
CLOSE cTmp
DEALLOCATE cTmp
-- 5.恢复FOREIGN KEY约束(即恢复要求“强制外键约束”的关系)
DECLARE cTmp CURSOR local static read_only forward_only FOR
SELECT TableName,ConstraintName
FROM [_MyForeignKey]
OPEN cTmp
FETCH cTmp INTO @TableName, @ConstraintName
WHILE (@@FETCH_STATUS= 0)
BEGIN
SET @SQLString='ALTER TABLE '+@TableName+ ' CHECK CONSTRAINT '+ @ConstraintName
EXEC sp_executesql @SQLString
-- Next
FETCH cTmp INTO @TableName, @ConstraintName
END
CLOSE cTmp
DEALLOCATE cTmp
-- 6.删除临时表
drop table[_MyForeignKey]
commit tran
SET XACT_ABORT OFF