通过Atlas实现MySQL读写分离

摘要: 最近公司项目要求MySQL高可用，加上以前公司听过QiHoo360的Atlas，所以就尝试搭建了一个MySQL读写分离，并且高可用的。

前期准备

准备4台机器，系统为CentOS release 6.6
Ip分别为192.168.20.121、192.168.20.122、192.168.20.123、192.168.20.124
4台机器分别作为Atlas代理服务，master MySQL，slave MySQL 1，slave MySQL 2
下载QiHoo360的Atlas 地址

安装Atlas

下载得到Atlas-XX.el6.x86_64.rpm安装文件
sudo rpm –i Atlas-XX.el6.x86_64.rpm安装
安装在/usr/local/mysql-proxy
安装目录分析
- bin
  - 可执行文件
  - encrypt用来加密密码，后面会用到
  - mysql-proxy是MySQL自己的读写分离代理
  - mysql-proxyd操作Atlas
  - VERSION
- conf
  - test.cnf配置文件
  - 一个文件为一个实例，实例名即文件名，启动需要带上这个实例名
- lib依赖包
- log记录日志
启动命令：/usr/local/mysql-proxy/bin/mysql-proxyd [实例名] start
停止命令：/usr/local/mysql-proxy/bin/mysql-proxyd [实例名] stop
同理，restart为重启，status为查看状态
配置文件解释

请查看官方文档

数据库配置

1台master2台slave，都要配置相同的用户名密码，且都要可以远程访问

分别进入3台服务器，创建相同的用户名密码，创建数据库test，设置权限

 CREATE USER 'test'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY 'test123';
CREATE USER 'test'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'test123';
grant all privileges on test.* to 'test'@'%' identified by 'test123';
grant all privileges on test.* to 'test'@'localhost' identified by 'test123';
flush privileges;

主从数据库配置

配置master服务器

找到MySQL配置文件my.cnf，一般在etc目录下

修改配置文件

  [mysqld]
# 一些其他配置
  ... 

#主从复制配置 
  innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit=1  
  sync_binlog=1  
#需要备份的数据库
  binlog-do-db=test
#不需要备份的数据库
  binlog-ignore-db=mysql  

#启动二进制文件 
log-bin=mysql-bin  

#服务器ID 
  server-id=1  

# Disabling symbolic-links is recommended to prevent assorted security risks 
  symbolic-links=0

重启数据库service mysql restart

进入数据库，配置主从复制的权限

  mysql -uroot -p123456
grant replication slave on *.* to 'test'@'127.0.0.1' identified by 'test123';

查看主数据库信息，记住下面的File与Position的信息，它们是用来配置从数据库的关键信息。

  mysql> show master status;
  +------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
| File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB |
 +------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
 | mysql-bin.000002 | 17620976 | test         | mysql |
  +------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

配置两台salve服务器

找到配置文件my.cnf

修改配置文件如下

  [mysqld]
# 一些其他配置
... 

# 几台服务器不能一样
  server-id=2

# Disabling symbolic-links is recommended to prevent assorted security risks
  symbolic-links=0

进入数据库，配置从数据库的信息，这里输入刚才记录下来的File与Position的信息，并且在从服务器上执行(执行的时候，#行不要复制进去)：

         # master数据库的ip
  mysql> change master to master_host='192.168.20.122',
# master的用户名
             master_user='buck',
# 密码
             master_password='hello',
# 端口
             master_port=3306,
# master数据库的`File `
             master_log_file='mysql-bin.000002',
# master数据库的`Position`
             master_log_pos=17620976,
             master_connect_retry=10;

启动进程

  mysql> start slave;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

检查主从复制状态，要看到下列Slave_IO_Running、Slave_SQL_Running的信息中，两个都是Yes，才说明主从连接正确，如果有一个是No，需要重新确定刚才记录的日志信息，停掉“stop slave”重新进行配置主从连接。

  mysql> show slave status \G;
  *************************** 1. row ***************************
 Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event
 Master_Host: 192.168.246.134
 Master_User: buck
 Master_Port: 3306
 Connect_Retry: 10
 Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000002
 Read_Master_Log_Pos: 17620976
 Relay_Log_File: mysqld-relay-bin.000002
 Relay_Log_Pos: 251
 Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000002
 Slave_IO_Running: Yes
 Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
 Replicate_Do_DB: 
 Replicate_Ignore_DB: 
 Replicate_Do_Table: 
 Replicate_Ignore_Table: 
 Replicate_Wild_Do_Table: 
 Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table: 
 Last_Errno: 0
 Last_Error: 
 Skip_Counter: 0
 Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 17620976
 Relay_Log_Space: 407
 Until_Condition: None
 Until_Log_File: 
 Until_Log_Pos: 0
 Master_SSL_Allowed: No
 Master_SSL_CA_File: 
 Master_SSL_CA_Path: 
 Master_SSL_Cert: 
 Master_SSL_Cipher: 
 Master_SSL_Key: 
 Seconds_Behind_Master: 0
 Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No
 Last_IO_Errno: 0
 Last_IO_Error: 
 Last_SQL_Errno: 0
 Last_SQL_Error: 
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

 ERROR: 
No query specified

Atlas配置

使用Atlas的加密工具对上面用户的密码进行加密
```
 /usr/local/mysql-proxy/bin/encrypt test123
 29uENYYsKLo=
```
配置atlas
- 这是用来登录到Atlas的管理员的账号与密码，与之对应的是Atlas监听的管理接口IP和端口，也就是说需要设置管理员登录的端口，才能进入管理员界面，默认端口是2345，也可以指定IP登录，指定IP后，其他的IP无法访问管理员的命令界面。方便测试，我这里没有指定IP和端口登录。
- 配置主数据的地址与从数据库的地址，这里配置的主数据库是122，从数据库是123、124
```
  #Atlas后端连接的MySQL主库的IP和端口，可设置多项，用逗号分隔
  proxy-backend-addresses = 192.168.20.122:3306
  #Atlas后端连接的MySQL从库的IP和端口，@后面的数字代表权重，用来作负载均衡，若省略则默认为1，可设置多项，用逗号分隔
  proxy-read-only-backend-addresses = 192.168.20.123:3306[@1](https://my.oschina.net/u/1198),192.168.20.124:3306@2
```
- 这个是用来配置MySQL的账户与密码的，就是上面创建的用户，用户名是test,密码是test123,刚刚使用Atlas提供的工具生成了对应的加密密码
```
  pwds = buck:RePBqJ+5gI4=
```

启动Atlas

 [root[@localhost](https://my.oschina.net/u/570656) /usr/local/mysql-proxy/bin]# ./mysql-proxyd test start
 OK: MySQL-Proxy of test is started

测试

进入atlas的管理界面

 [root[@localhost](https://my.oschina.net/u/570656) ~]#mysql -h127.0.0.1 -P2345 -uuser -ppwd
 Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
 Your MySQL connection id is 1
 Server version: 5.0.99-agent-admin

 Copyright (c) 2000, 2013, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

 Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
 affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
 owners.

 Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

 mysql> select * from help;
 +----------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+
 | command                    | description                                             |
 +----------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+
 | SELECT * FROM help         | shows this help                                         |
 | SELECT * FROM backends     | lists the backends and their state                      |
 | SET OFFLINE $backend_id    | offline backend server, $backend_id is backend_ndx's id |
 | SET ONLINE $backend_id     | online backend server, ...                              |
 | ADD MASTER $backend        | example: "add master 127.0.0.1:3306", ...               |
 | ADD SLAVE $backend         | example: "add slave 127.0.0.1:3306", ...                |
 | REMOVE BACKEND $backend_id | example: "remove backend 1", ...                        |
 | SELECT * FROM clients      | lists the clients                                       |
 | ADD CLIENT $client         | example: "add client 192.168.1.2", ...                  |
 | REMOVE CLIENT $client      | example: "remove client 192.168.1.2", ...               |
 | SELECT * FROM pwds         | lists the pwds                                          |
 | ADD PWD $pwd               | example: "add pwd user:raw_password", ...               |
 | ADD ENPWD $pwd             | example: "add enpwd user:encrypted_password", ...       |
 | REMOVE PWD $pwd            | example: "remove pwd user", ...                         |
 | SAVE CONFIG                | save the backends to config file                        |
 | SELECT VERSION             | display the version of Atlas                            |
 +----------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+
16 rows in set (0.00 sec)

 mysql>

使用工作接口来访问

 [root@localhost ~]#mysql -h127.0.0.1 -P1234 -utest -ptest123
 Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
 Your MySQL connection id is 34
 Server version: 5.0.81-log MySQL Community Server (GPL)

 Copyright (c) 2000, 2013, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

 Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
 affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
 owners.

 Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

 mysql> show databases;
 +--------------------+
| Database |
 +--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| test |
 +--------------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

 mysql>

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秒客网

通过Atlas实现MySQL读写分离

前期准备

安装Atlas

数据库配置

Atlas配置

测试

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