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题目链接：
POJ：http://poj.org/problem?id=2243
HDU: pid=1372">http://acm.hdu.edu.cn/showproblem.php? pid=1372
Problem Description
A friend of you is doing research on the Traveling Knight Problem (TKP) where you are to find the shortest closed tour of knight moves that visits each square of a given set of n squares on a chessboard exactly once. He thinks that
the most difficult part of the problem is determining the smallest number of knight moves between two given squares and that, once you have accomplished this, finding the tour would be easy.
Of course you know that it is vice versa. So you offer him to write a program that solves the "difficult" part.
Your job is to write a program that takes two squares a and b as input and then determines the number of knight moves on a shortest route from a to b.
the most difficult part of the problem is determining the smallest number of knight moves between two given squares and that, once you have accomplished this, finding the tour would be easy.
Of course you know that it is vice versa. So you offer him to write a program that solves the "difficult" part.
Your job is to write a program that takes two squares a and b as input and then determines the number of knight moves on a shortest route from a to b.
Input
The input file will contain one or more test cases. Each test case consists of one line containing two squares separated by one space. A square is a string consisting of a letter (a-h) representing the column and a digit (1-8) representing
the row on the chessboard.
the row on the chessboard.
Output
For each test case, print one line saying "To get from xx to yy takes n knight moves.".
Sample Input
e2 e4
a1 b2
b2 c3
a1 h8
a1 h7
h8 a1
b1 c3
f6 f6
Sample Output
To get from e2 to e4 takes 2 knight moves.
To get from a1 to b2 takes 4 knight moves.
To get from b2 to c3 takes 2 knight moves.
To get from a1 to h8 takes 6 knight moves.
To get from a1 to h7 takes 5 knight moves.
To get from h8 to a1 takes 6 knight moves.
To get from b1 to c3 takes 1 knight moves.
To get from f6 to f6 takes 0 knight moves.
题意：用象棋中跳马的走法。从起点到目标点的最小步数；
代码例如以下：
#include <cstdio>
#include <iostream>
#include <algorithm>
#include <queue>
#include <cstring>
using namespace std;
#define M 1017
struct node
{
int x, y;
int step;
};
int xx[8] = {1,2,2,1,-1,-2,-2,-1};
int yy[8] = {2,1,-1,-2,-2,-1,1,2};
bool vis[M][M];
int n, ansx, ansy;
queue<node>q;
int BFS(int x, int y)
{ if(x == ansx && y == ansy)
return 0;
int dx, dy, i;
node front, rear;
front.x = x, front.y = y, front.step = 0;
q.push(front);
vis[x][y] = true;
while(!q.empty())
{
front = q.front();
q.pop();
for(i = 0; i < 8; i++)
{
dx = front.x+xx[i];
dy = front.y+yy[i];
if(dx>=1&&dx<=8&&dy>=1&&dy<=8&&!vis[dx][dy])
{
vis[dx][dy] = true;
if(dx == ansx && dy == ansy)
{
return front.step+1;
}
rear.x = dx, rear.y = dy, rear.step = front.step+1;
q.push(rear);
}
}
} }
int main()
{
char s,e;
int a1,a2;
while(~scanf("%c%d %c%d",&s,&a1,&e,&a2))
{
getchar();
while(!q.empty())
q.pop();
memset(vis,0,sizeof(vis));
int s1 = s-'a'+1;
int e1 = e-'a'+1;
ansx = e1, ansy = a2;
int ans = BFS(s1,a1);
printf("To get from %c%d to %c%d takes %d knight moves.\n",s,a1,e,a2,ans);
}
return 0;
}