一、前言
之前对类锁和对象锁是否是互斥的不是太确定,因此决定编写相关的程序进行实践一下。编写前对相关定义约定约定如下:
1. 类锁:在代码中的方法上加了static和synchronized的锁,或者synchronized(xxx.class)的代码段,如下文中的increament();
2.对象锁:在代码中的方法上加了synchronized的锁,或者synchronized(this)的代码段,如下文中的synOnMethod()和synInMethod();
3.私有锁:在类内部声明一个私有属性如private Object lock,在需要加锁的代码段synchronized(lock),如下文中的synMethodWithObj()。
二、测试代码。
1.编写一个启动类ObjectLock
- package com.zjh.blog.practice.basic;
- public class ObjectLock {
- public static void main(String[] args) {
- System.out.println("start time = " + System.currentTimeMillis()+"ms");
- LockTestClass test = new LockTestClass();
- for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
- Thread thread = new ObjThread(test, i);
- thread.start();
- }
- }
- }
2.编写一个线程类ObjThread,用于启动同步方法(注意它的run方法可能会调整以进行不同的测试)
- package com.zjh.blog.practice.basic;
- public class ObjThread extends Thread {
- LockTestClass lock;
- int i = 0;
- public ObjThread(LockTestClass lock, int i) {
- this.lock = lock;
- this.i = i;
- }
- public void run() {
- //无锁方法
- // lock.noSynMethod(this.getId(),this);
- //对象锁方法1,采用synchronized synInMethod的方式
- lock.synInMethod();
- //对象锁方法2,采用synchronized(this)的方式
- // lock.synOnMethod();
- //私有锁方法,采用synchronized(object)的方式
- // lock.synMethodWithObj();
- //类锁方法,采用static synchronized increment的方式
- LockTestClass.increment();
- }
- }
3.再编写一个锁的测试类LockTestClass,包括各种加锁方法
- package com.zjh.blog.practice.basic;
- public class LockTestClass {
- //用于类锁计数
- private static int i = 0;
- //私有锁
- private Object object = new Object();
- /**
- * <p>
- * 无锁方法
- *
- * @param threadID
- * @param thread
- */
- public void noSynMethod(long threadID, ObjThread thread) {
- System.out.println("nosyn: class obj is " + thread + ", threadId is"
- + threadID);
- }
- /**
- * 对象锁方法1
- */
- public synchronized void synOnMethod() {
- System.out.println("synOnMethod begins" + ", time = "
- + System.currentTimeMillis() + "ms");
- try {
- Thread.sleep(2000L);
- } catch (InterruptedException e) {
- e.printStackTrace();
- }
- System.out.println("synOnMethod ends");
- }
- /**
- * 对象锁方法2,采用synchronized (this)来加锁
- */
- public void synInMethod() {
- synchronized (this) {
- System.out.println("synInMethod begins" + ", time = "
- + System.currentTimeMillis() + "ms");
- try {
- Thread.sleep(2000L);
- } catch (InterruptedException e) {
- e.printStackTrace();
- }
- System.out.println("synInMethod ends");
- }
- }
- /**
- * 对象锁方法3
- */
- public void synMethodWithObj() {
- synchronized (object) {
- System.out.println("synMethodWithObj begins" + ", time = "
- + System.currentTimeMillis() + "ms");
- try {
- Thread.sleep(2000L);
- } catch (InterruptedException e) {
- e.printStackTrace();
- }
- System.out.println("synMethodWithObj ends");
- }
- }
- /**
- * 类锁
- */
- public static synchronized void <span style="font-size: 1em; line-height: 1.5;">increament</span><span style="font-size: 1em; line-height: 1.5;">() {</span>
- System.out.println("class synchronized. i = " + i + ", time = "
- + System.currentTimeMillis() + "ms");
- i++;
- try {
- Thread.sleep(2000L);
- } catch (InterruptedException e) {
- e.printStackTrace();
- }
- System.out.println("class synchronized ends.");
- }
- }
三、测试结果
1.测试类锁和对象锁,ObjectThread的run方法修改如下:
- public void run() {
- //无锁方法
- // lock.noSynMethod(this.getId(),this);
- //对象锁方法1,采用synchronized synInMethod的方式
- lock.synInMethod();
- //对象锁方法2,采用synchronized(this)的方式
- // lock.synOnMethod();
- //私有锁方法,采用synchronized(object)的方式
- // lock.synMethodWithObj();
- //类锁方法,采用static synchronized increment的方式
- LockTestClass.increament();
- }
终端输出如下:
- start time = 1413101360231ms
- synInMethod begins, time = 1413101360233ms
- synInMethod ends
- class synchronized. i = 0, time = 1413101362233ms
- synInMethod begins, time = 1413101362233ms
- class synchronized ends.
- synInMethod ends
- class synchronized. i = 1, time = 1413101364233ms
- synInMethod begins, time = 1413101364233ms
- class synchronized ends.
- synInMethod ends
- class synchronized. i = 2, time = 1413101366234ms
- class synchronized ends.
可以看到对象锁方法(synInMothod)第一次启动时比类锁方法(increament)快2秒,这是因为在synInMehtod执行时sleep了2秒再执行的increament,而这两个方法共用一个线程,所以会慢2秒,如果increament在run中放到synInMethod前面,那么第一次启动时就是increament快2秒。
- public void run() {
- //无锁方法
- // lock.noSynMethod(this.getId(),this);
- //对象锁方法1,采用synchronized synInMethod的方式
- lock.synInMethod();
- //对象锁方法2,采用synchronized(this)的方式
- // lock.synOnMethod();
- //私有锁方法,采用synchronized(object)的方式
- lock.synMethodWithObj();
- //类锁方法,采用static synchronized increment的方式
- // LockTestClass.increament();
- }
终端输出如下:
- start time = 1413121912406ms
- synInMethod begins, time = 1413121912407ms.
- synInMethod ends.
- synMethodWithObj begins, time = 1413121914407ms
- synInMethod begins, time = 1413121914407ms.
- synInMethod ends.
- synMethodWithObj ends
- synInMethod begins, time = 1413121916407ms.
- synMethodWithObj begins, time = 1413121916407ms
- synInMethod ends.
- synMethodWithObj ends
- synMethodWithObj begins, time = 1413121918407ms
- synMethodWithObj ends
和类锁和对象锁非常类似。
3.synchronized直接加在方法上和synchronized(this),ObjectThread的run方法修改如下:
- public void run() {
- //无锁方法
- // lock.noSynMethod(this.getId(),this);
- //对象锁方法1,采用synchronized synInMethod的方式
- lock.synInMethod();
- //对象锁方法2,采用synchronized(this)的方式
- lock.synOnMethod();
- //私有锁方法,采用synchronized(object)的方式
- // lock.synMethodWithObj();
- //类锁方法,采用static synchronized increment的方式
- // LockTestClass.increament();
- }
终端输出:
- start time = 1413102913278ms
- synInMethod begins, time = 1413102913279ms
- synInMethod ends
- synInMethod begins, time = 1413102915279ms
- synInMethod ends
- synOnMethod begins, time = 1413102917279ms
- synOnMethod ends
- synInMethod begins, time = 1413102919279ms
- synInMethod ends
- synOnMethod begins, time = 1413102921279ms
- synOnMethod ends
- synOnMethod begins, time = 1413102923279ms
- synOnMethod ends
可以看到,二者严格地串行输出(当然再次执行时先运行synInMethod还是先运行synOnMethod并不是确定的,取决于谁获得了锁)
结论:synchronized直接加在方法上和synchronized(this)都是对当前对象加锁,二者的加锁方法够成了竞争关系,同一时刻只能有一个方法能执行。