一个用D3D绘制2D图形的例子
思路如下：
（1）函数Do_Init初始化D3D，D3D设备，顶点缓冲，纹理；主要调用这几个函数：
Direct3DCreate9，GetAdapterDisplayMode，CreateDevice，CreateVertexBuffer， Lock，Unlock，D3DXCreateTextureFromFile。
（2）函数Do_Frame绘制一帧，主要调用这几个函数：
Clear，BeginScene，EndScene，SetStreamSource，SetFVF，SetTexture， DrawPrimitive。
（3）函数Do_Shutdown释放D3D资源。
源码如下：
#include < windows.h >
#include < stdio.h >
#include " d3d9.h "
#include " d3dx9.h "
#pragma comment(lib, " d3d9.lib " )
#pragma comment(lib, " d3dx9.lib " )
#define WINDOW_WIDTH 400
#define WINDOW_HEIGHT 400
#define Safe_Release(p) if((p)) (p)->Release();
// window handles, class and caption text.
HWND g_hwnd;
HINSTANCE g_inst;
static char g_class_name[] = " Draw2DClass " ;
static char g_caption[] = " Draw2D Demo " ;
// the Direct3D and device object
IDirect3D9 * g_d3d = NULL;
IDirect3DDevice9 * g_d3d_device = NULL;
// The 2D vertex format and descriptor
typedef struct
{
float x, y, z; // 2D coordinates
float rhw; // rhw
float u, v; // texture coordinates
} VERTEX;
#define VERTEX_FVF (D3DFVF_XYZRHW | D3DFVF_TEX1)
IDirect3DVertexBuffer9 * g_vertex_buffer = NULL;
IDirect3DTexture9 * g_texture = NULL;
// --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Window procedure.
// --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
long WINAPI Window_Proc(HWND hwnd, UINT msg, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam)
{
switch (msg)
{
case WM_DESTROY:
PostQuitMessage( 0 );
return 0 ;
}
return ( long ) DefWindowProc(hwnd, msg, wParam, lParam);
}
// --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Initialize d3d, d3d device, vertex buffer, texutre.
// --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
BOOL Do_Init()
{
D3DPRESENT_PARAMETERS present_param;
D3DDISPLAYMODE display_mode;
BYTE * vertex_ptr;
// initialize vertex data
VERTEX verts[] = {
{ 50.0f , 50.0f , 1.0f , 1.0f , 0.0f , 0.0f },
{ 350.0f , 50.0f , 1.0f , 1.0f , 1.0f , 0.0f },
{ 50.0f , 350.0f , 1.0f , 1.0f , 0.0f , 1.0f },
{ 350.0f , 350.0f , 1.0f , 1.0f , 1.0f , 1.0f }
};
// do a windowed mode initialization of Direct3D
if ((g_d3d = Direct3DCreate9(D3D_SDK_VERSION)) == NULL)
return FALSE;
// retrieves the current display mode of the adapter
if (FAILED(g_d3d -> GetAdapterDisplayMode(D3DADAPTER_DEFAULT, & display_mode)))
return FALSE;
ZeroMemory( & present_param, sizeof (present_param));
// initialize d3d presentation parameter
present_param.Windowed = TRUE;
present_param.SwapEffect = D3DSWAPEFFECT_DISCARD;
present_param.BackBufferFormat = display_mode.Format;
// creates a device to represent the display adapter
if (FAILED(g_d3d -> CreateDevice(D3DADAPTER_DEFAULT, D3DDEVTYPE_HAL, g_hwnd,
D3DCREATE_SOFTWARE_VERTEXPROCESSING, & present_param, & g_d3d_device)))
return FALSE;
// create the vertex buffer and set data
g_d3d_device -> CreateVertexBuffer( sizeof (VERTEX) * 4 , 0 , VERTEX_FVF, D3DPOOL_DEFAULT, & g_vertex_buffer, NULL);
// locks a range of vertex data and obtains a pointer to the vertex buffer memory
g_vertex_buffer -> Lock( 0 , 0 , ( void ** ) & vertex_ptr, 0 );
memcpy(vertex_ptr, verts, sizeof (verts));
// unlocks vertex data
g_vertex_buffer -> Unlock();
// load the texture map
D3DXCreateTextureFromFile(g_d3d_device, " Texture.bmp " , & g_texture);
return TRUE;
}
// --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Release all d3d resource.
// --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
BOOL Do_Shutdown()
{
Safe_Release(g_vertex_buffer);
Safe_Release(g_texture);
Safe_Release(g_d3d_device);
Safe_Release(g_d3d);
return TRUE;
}
// --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Render a frame.
// --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
BOOL Do_Frame()
{
// clear device back buffer
g_d3d_device -> Clear( 0 , NULL, D3DCLEAR_TARGET, D3DCOLOR_RGBA( 0 , 64 , 128 , 255 ), 1.0f , 0 );
// Begin scene
if (SUCCEEDED(g_d3d_device -> BeginScene()))
{
// set the vertex stream, shader, and texture.
// binds a vertex buffer to a device data stream
g_d3d_device -> SetStreamSource( 0 , g_vertex_buffer, 0 , sizeof (VERTEX));
// set the current vertex stream declation
g_d3d_device -> SetFVF(VERTEX_FVF);
// assigns a texture to a stage for a device
g_d3d_device -> SetTexture( 0 , g_texture);
// renders a sequence of noindexed, geometric primitives of the specified type from the current set
// of data input stream.
g_d3d_device -> DrawPrimitive(D3DPT_TRIANGLESTRIP, 0 , 2 );
// release texture
g_d3d_device -> SetTexture( 0 , NULL);
// end the scene
g_d3d_device -> EndScene();
}
// present the contents of the next buffer in the sequence of back buffers owned by the device
g_d3d_device -> Present(NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL);
return TRUE;
}
// --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Main function, routine entry.
// --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
int WINAPI WinMain(HINSTANCE inst, HINSTANCE, LPSTR cmd_line, int cmd_show)
{
WNDCLASSEX win_class;
MSG msg;
g_inst = inst;
// create window class and register it
win_class.cbSize = sizeof (win_class);
win_class.style = CS_CLASSDC;
win_class.lpfnWndProc = Window_Proc;
win_class.cbClsExtra = 0 ;
win_class.cbWndExtra = 0 ;
win_class.hInstance = inst;
win_class.hIcon = LoadIcon(NULL, IDI_APPLICATION);
win_class.hCursor = LoadCursor(NULL, IDC_ARROW);
win_class.hbrBackground = NULL;
win_class.lpszMenuName = NULL;
win_class.lpszClassName = g_class_name;
win_class.hIconSm = LoadIcon(NULL, IDI_APPLICATION);
if ( ! RegisterClassEx( & win_class))
return FALSE;
// create the main window
g_hwnd = CreateWindow(g_class_name, g_caption, WS_CAPTION | WS_SYSMENU, 0 , 0 ,
WINDOW_WIDTH, WINDOW_HEIGHT, NULL, NULL, inst, NULL);
if (g_hwnd == NULL)
return FALSE;
ShowWindow(g_hwnd, SW_NORMAL);
UpdateWindow(g_hwnd);
// initialize game
if (Do_Init() == FALSE)
return FALSE;
// start message pump, waiting for signal to quit.
ZeroMemory( & msg, sizeof (MSG));
while (msg.message != WM_QUIT)
{
if (PeekMessage( & msg, NULL, 0 , 0 , PM_REMOVE))
{
TranslateMessage( & msg);
DispatchMessage( & msg);
}
// draw a frame
if (Do_Frame() == FALSE)
break ;
}
// run shutdown function
Do_Shutdown();
UnregisterClass(g_class_name, inst);
return ( int ) msg.wParam;
}
效果：
（1）函数Do_Init初始化D3D，D3D设备，顶点缓冲，纹理；主要调用这几个函数：
Direct3DCreate9，GetAdapterDisplayMode，CreateDevice，CreateVertexBuffer， Lock，Unlock，D3DXCreateTextureFromFile。
（2）函数Do_Frame绘制一帧，主要调用这几个函数：
Clear，BeginScene，EndScene，SetStreamSource，SetFVF，SetTexture， DrawPrimitive。
（3）函数Do_Shutdown释放D3D资源。
源码如下：
#include < windows.h >
#include < stdio.h >
#include " d3d9.h "
#include " d3dx9.h "
#pragma comment(lib, " d3d9.lib " )
#pragma comment(lib, " d3dx9.lib " )
#define WINDOW_WIDTH 400
#define WINDOW_HEIGHT 400
#define Safe_Release(p) if((p)) (p)->Release();
// window handles, class and caption text.
HWND g_hwnd;
HINSTANCE g_inst;
static char g_class_name[] = " Draw2DClass " ;
static char g_caption[] = " Draw2D Demo " ;
// the Direct3D and device object
IDirect3D9 * g_d3d = NULL;
IDirect3DDevice9 * g_d3d_device = NULL;
// The 2D vertex format and descriptor
typedef struct
{
float x, y, z; // 2D coordinates
float rhw; // rhw
float u, v; // texture coordinates
} VERTEX;
#define VERTEX_FVF (D3DFVF_XYZRHW | D3DFVF_TEX1)
IDirect3DVertexBuffer9 * g_vertex_buffer = NULL;
IDirect3DTexture9 * g_texture = NULL;
// --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Window procedure.
// --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
long WINAPI Window_Proc(HWND hwnd, UINT msg, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam)
{
switch (msg)
{
case WM_DESTROY:
PostQuitMessage( 0 );
return 0 ;
}
return ( long ) DefWindowProc(hwnd, msg, wParam, lParam);
}
// --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Initialize d3d, d3d device, vertex buffer, texutre.
// --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
BOOL Do_Init()
{
D3DPRESENT_PARAMETERS present_param;
D3DDISPLAYMODE display_mode;
BYTE * vertex_ptr;
// initialize vertex data
VERTEX verts[] = {
{ 50.0f , 50.0f , 1.0f , 1.0f , 0.0f , 0.0f },
{ 350.0f , 50.0f , 1.0f , 1.0f , 1.0f , 0.0f },
{ 50.0f , 350.0f , 1.0f , 1.0f , 0.0f , 1.0f },
{ 350.0f , 350.0f , 1.0f , 1.0f , 1.0f , 1.0f }
};
// do a windowed mode initialization of Direct3D
if ((g_d3d = Direct3DCreate9(D3D_SDK_VERSION)) == NULL)
return FALSE;
// retrieves the current display mode of the adapter
if (FAILED(g_d3d -> GetAdapterDisplayMode(D3DADAPTER_DEFAULT, & display_mode)))
return FALSE;
ZeroMemory( & present_param, sizeof (present_param));
// initialize d3d presentation parameter
present_param.Windowed = TRUE;
present_param.SwapEffect = D3DSWAPEFFECT_DISCARD;
present_param.BackBufferFormat = display_mode.Format;
// creates a device to represent the display adapter
if (FAILED(g_d3d -> CreateDevice(D3DADAPTER_DEFAULT, D3DDEVTYPE_HAL, g_hwnd,
D3DCREATE_SOFTWARE_VERTEXPROCESSING, & present_param, & g_d3d_device)))
return FALSE;
// create the vertex buffer and set data
g_d3d_device -> CreateVertexBuffer( sizeof (VERTEX) * 4 , 0 , VERTEX_FVF, D3DPOOL_DEFAULT, & g_vertex_buffer, NULL);
// locks a range of vertex data and obtains a pointer to the vertex buffer memory
g_vertex_buffer -> Lock( 0 , 0 , ( void ** ) & vertex_ptr, 0 );
memcpy(vertex_ptr, verts, sizeof (verts));
// unlocks vertex data
g_vertex_buffer -> Unlock();
// load the texture map
D3DXCreateTextureFromFile(g_d3d_device, " Texture.bmp " , & g_texture);
return TRUE;
}
// --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Release all d3d resource.
// --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
BOOL Do_Shutdown()
{
Safe_Release(g_vertex_buffer);
Safe_Release(g_texture);
Safe_Release(g_d3d_device);
Safe_Release(g_d3d);
return TRUE;
}
// --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Render a frame.
// --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
BOOL Do_Frame()
{
// clear device back buffer
g_d3d_device -> Clear( 0 , NULL, D3DCLEAR_TARGET, D3DCOLOR_RGBA( 0 , 64 , 128 , 255 ), 1.0f , 0 );
// Begin scene
if (SUCCEEDED(g_d3d_device -> BeginScene()))
{
// set the vertex stream, shader, and texture.
// binds a vertex buffer to a device data stream
g_d3d_device -> SetStreamSource( 0 , g_vertex_buffer, 0 , sizeof (VERTEX));
// set the current vertex stream declation
g_d3d_device -> SetFVF(VERTEX_FVF);
// assigns a texture to a stage for a device
g_d3d_device -> SetTexture( 0 , g_texture);
// renders a sequence of noindexed, geometric primitives of the specified type from the current set
// of data input stream.
g_d3d_device -> DrawPrimitive(D3DPT_TRIANGLESTRIP, 0 , 2 );
// release texture
g_d3d_device -> SetTexture( 0 , NULL);
// end the scene
g_d3d_device -> EndScene();
}
// present the contents of the next buffer in the sequence of back buffers owned by the device
g_d3d_device -> Present(NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL);
return TRUE;
}
// --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Main function, routine entry.
// --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
int WINAPI WinMain(HINSTANCE inst, HINSTANCE, LPSTR cmd_line, int cmd_show)
{
WNDCLASSEX win_class;
MSG msg;
g_inst = inst;
// create window class and register it
win_class.cbSize = sizeof (win_class);
win_class.style = CS_CLASSDC;
win_class.lpfnWndProc = Window_Proc;
win_class.cbClsExtra = 0 ;
win_class.cbWndExtra = 0 ;
win_class.hInstance = inst;
win_class.hIcon = LoadIcon(NULL, IDI_APPLICATION);
win_class.hCursor = LoadCursor(NULL, IDC_ARROW);
win_class.hbrBackground = NULL;
win_class.lpszMenuName = NULL;
win_class.lpszClassName = g_class_name;
win_class.hIconSm = LoadIcon(NULL, IDI_APPLICATION);
if ( ! RegisterClassEx( & win_class))
return FALSE;
// create the main window
g_hwnd = CreateWindow(g_class_name, g_caption, WS_CAPTION | WS_SYSMENU, 0 , 0 ,
WINDOW_WIDTH, WINDOW_HEIGHT, NULL, NULL, inst, NULL);
if (g_hwnd == NULL)
return FALSE;
ShowWindow(g_hwnd, SW_NORMAL);
UpdateWindow(g_hwnd);
// initialize game
if (Do_Init() == FALSE)
return FALSE;
// start message pump, waiting for signal to quit.
ZeroMemory( & msg, sizeof (MSG));
while (msg.message != WM_QUIT)
{
if (PeekMessage( & msg, NULL, 0 , 0 , PM_REMOVE))
{
TranslateMessage( & msg);
DispatchMessage( & msg);
}
// draw a frame
if (Do_Frame() == FALSE)
break ;
}
// run shutdown function
Do_Shutdown();
UnregisterClass(g_class_name, inst);
return ( int ) msg.wParam;
}
效果：