英语学习-英语语法(名词)

时间:2024-04-05 20:34:43

英语学习-英语语法(名词)

名词分类

  • 专有名词

1.专有名词是个别的人,地,物,团体,机构等的专用名称
2.专有名词中实词的第一个字母要大写
3.专有名词如含有普通名词的短语必须用定冠词the
the Great Wall
4.姓氏名采用复数形式表该家族姓氏一家人
the Greens 格林一家人

  • 普通名词

许多人或事物的共有名称
family  man  foot

  • 可数名词

可以用数词进行计数的名词
box  child  orange

  • 不可数名词

不可以用复数进行计数的名词
water news  oil  population  information

单复数

单数变复数方法

  • 1.单数名词末尾+s

map->maps   boy->boys   horse->horses

  • 2.s,o,x,sh,ch结尾的词+es

class-classes  hero->heroes  box->boxes
dish->dishes    beach->beaches
注:少数以o结尾的词变复数时只加s
photo->photos  piano->pianos

  • 3.以辅音字母加y结尾的名词,y变i加es

family->families  city->cities  party->parties

  • 4.以f或fe结尾的名词,变f或fe为v,加es

shelf->shelves wolf->wolves 
life->lives   knife->knives
 

不规则变化

积累

不可数名词

不可数名词一般没有复数形式,说明其数量时要用有关计量名词
1.a bag of rice->two bags of rice
2.a piece of paper->three pieces of paper
3.a bottle of milk->five bottles of milk  

名词所有格

所属关系

表示所属关系,相当于物主代词(所代表的为名词)

做成分

  • 表示人或其他有生命的东西的名词后面加's

1.children's day 儿童节
2.my sister's book 姐姐的数

  • 以s或es结尾的复数名词,只在词尾加'

1.teachers' day 教师节
 

  • 有些表示时间,距离以及世界,国家,城镇等无生命的名词,结尾加's

1.today's newspaper 今天的报纸
 

  • 无论表示有生命还是无生命的东西,一般均可用of短语来表示所有关系

‘s=of  名词+的
book's name=the name of book
1.a fine daughter of the party
党的好女儿

  • 's还可以表示某人的家庭或店铺

1.my aunt's 我阿姨家
2.the doctor's 诊所

  • 两个人共同拥有某物时,可以采用A and B's的形式

Lucy and Lily's bedroom
露西和丽丽合住的卧室

  • 双重所有格"of +名词所有格/名词性物主代词"

1.a friend of my father's=my father's friend
我父亲的一位朋友
2.a friend of mine
我的一位朋友
3.my father's friend's friend
4.a friend of my father's friend's

主谓一致

  • 主语是可数名词单数或不可数名词,谓语动词用单数形式

1.The computer was a great invention
2.The water in the glass is very cold

  • 集合名词做主语,family class team group row

1.表示整体概念,谓语用单数形式
class three is a very goog class
2.表示其中的所有成员,谓语用复数形式
class three have a map of China.
三班有张中国地图

  • Chinese,Japanese,fish,sleep,people等表示单个时,谓语用单数,表示许多时,谓语用复数

(单复数形式一样,由语境决定)
1.There is a sheep in the yard
院子里有一只绵羊
2.There are some sheep in the yard
院子里有一些绵羊

  • 有s结尾,但不是复数,谓语用单数
  • glasses,shoes,socks,trousers,gloves等名词常用复数形式,谓语用复数

1.The trousers are very cheap and I want to take them.
裤子很便宜,我想买

  • a lot of

1.跟名词复数时,谓语用复数形式
a lot of students are playing basketball now
2.跟不可数名词时,谓语用单数形式
a lot of time was wasted on that work

  • and

1.连接两个名词做主语时,谓语多用复数
the teacher and his son are picking apples now
2.两个名词构成一个整体事物时,谓语多用单数
fish and chips is very famous food

  • 用both...and...连接两个事物做主语时,谓语一般用复数

both you and I are required to be here tomorrow

  • 主语有with短语时,谓语单复数有with之前的人物决定

A woman with a 7-year-old child was standing at the side of the road

  • either...or...或 neither...nor...连接两个名词作句子主语时,谓语就近原则

1.either you or he is right
2.neither you nor I am going there

  • 表示一时间或长度概念时的复数名词做主语,谓语一般用单数

1.Two months is not a short time.
2.Two thousand kilometers is quite a long distance

  • 主语含有 half of.../all (of) the...等词语时,谓语的单复数由名词决定

1.Over three quarters of the information on the Internet is in English
2.A third of the students were playing near the lake

  • 就近原则

1.there be
2.neither...nor...
3.either...or...
4.not only ...but also...
5.not..but..

  • 就远原则

1.as well as
2.(together/along) with
3.rather that
4.except
5.besides
6.including
7.in addition to
8.apart from

单复数意义不同的名词

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