文件名称：Broadband Microwave Amplifiers
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更新时间：2011-04-17 15:33:19
Amplifiers Broadband Microwave
Broadband Microwave Amplifiers
Foreword ix
Preface xi
Organization of This Book xii
Acknowledgments xv
CHAPTER 1
Overview of Broadband Amplifiers 1
1.1 Historical Perspective on Microwave Amplifiers 1
1.2 Broadband Amplifiers 3
1.3 Review of Various Broadband Amplifiers 3
1.3.1 Reactively Matched Amplifiers 4
1.3.2 TWDAs 5
1.3.3 Broadband Feedback and Lossy Matched Amplifiers 8
1.3.4 CSSDAs 10
References 14
CHAPTER 2
Principles and Applications of Distributed Amplifiers 17
2.1 Introduction 17
2.2 Heterojunction Field Effect Transistor 17
2.3 Conventional TWDA 20
2.3.1 Available Gain of a TWDA 21
2.3.2 Advantages of TWDA 26
2.3.3 Disadvantages of TWDA 27
2.4 CSSDA 27
2.4.1 Lossless CSSDA 28
2.4.2 Available Power Gain of the Lossless CSSDA 29
2.4.3 Analysis of Interstage Characteristic Impedance on the
Lossless CSSDA 32
2.4.4 Output Current of the CSSDA 33
2.4.5 Output Voltage of the CSSDA 35
2.4.6 Lossy CSSDAs 36
2.4.7 Characteristic Features of CSSDA 38
v
vi Contents
2.5 Other Applications of Distributed Amplifiers 41
2.5.1 Applications of TWDA 41
2.6 Potential Applications of CSSDA 48
2.6.1 Oscillator 48
2.6.2 Optical Driver 48
2.6.3 Optical Receiver 48
References 50
CHAPTER 3
Device Structure and Mode of Operation 51
3.1 Introduction 51
3.2 The GaAs MESFET—Structure and Operation 51
3.3 HEMT-based Devices—Structure and Operation 54
3.3.1 HEMT 54
3.3.2 SPHEMT 56
3.3.3 DPHEMT 58
3.4 Summary 61
References 61
CHAPTER 4
Device Characterization and Modeling 63
4.1 Introduction 63
4.2 Device Characterization 63
4.2.1 Basis of Calibration 64
4.2.2 Microstrip Test Fixture and Calibration Standards 65
4.2.3 Small-Signal Measurements 68
4.2.4 Pulsed dc I–V Measurements 74
4.3 Small-Signal Device Modeling 81
4.3.1 Principle of Model Extraction Procedure 82
4.3.2 Extraction of Cold Component Values 83
4.3.3 Extraction of Hot Components Values 85
4.3.4 Small-Signal Modeling 86
4.4 Large-Signal Device Modeling 90
4.4.1 Large-Signal Device Model 91
4.4.2 Nonlinear Analysis Techniques 91
4.4.3 Large-Signal Modeling Techniques 93
4.4.4 Modeled and Measured Results 98
References 100
CHAPTER 5
Amplifier Class of Operation 103
5.1 Introduction 103
5.2 Class A Amplifiers 103
Contents vii
5.3 Class B Amplifiers 109
5.4 Class AB Amplifiers 113
References 117
CHAPTER 6
Design of Broadband Microwave Amplifiers 119
6.1 Introduction 119
6.2 Multistage Broadband Amplifier Design 120
6.3 Output Power and Power-Added Efficiency 121
6.4 Design of TWDAs 123
6.4.1 Fabrication of TWDAs 128
6.4.2 Measured Response of TWDAs 128
6.5 Broadband Feedback Amplifiers 130
6.5.1 Principles of Broadband Feedback Amplifiers 130
6.5.2 Design of a Three-Stage Feedback Amplifier 136
6.5.3 Fabrication of Three-Stage Feedback Amplifier 140
6.5.4 Measured Response of Three-Stage Feedback Amplifier 140
6.6 CRTSSDAs 142
6.6.1 Principles of CRTSSDAs 142
6.6.2 Design of High Gain CRTSSDA 147
6.6.3 Design of Power CRTSSDA 154
6.6.4 Fabrication of High Gain and Power CRTSSDA Modules 156
6.6.5 Measured Results of CRTSSDA Modules 158
6.7 High-Dynamic-Range Broadband Amplifier 162
6.7.1 Design of High-Dynamic-Range Broadband Amplifier 162
6.7.2 Fabrication of the High-Dynamic-Range Broadband
Amplifier 166
6.7.3 Measured Response of High-Dynamic-Range Broadband
Amplifier 167
6.8 Broadband Feedback Amplifiers Employing Current Sharing 167
6.8.1 Design of Broadband Feedback Amplifiers Employing
Current Sharing 167
6.8.2 Fabrication of Amplifiers Using Self-Bias and Current-Sharing
Modes 169
6.8.3 Measured Results of Broadband Feedback Amplifiers Using
Self-Bias and Current-Sharing Modes 170
References 175
CHAPTER 7
Fabrication of Broadband Amplifiers 177
7.1 Introduction 177
7.2 Practical Design Considerations and Fabrication Procedure 177
7.2.1 Skin-Depth Effect 179
viii Contents
7.2.2 Thin-Film Resistors 179
7.2.3 Mounting Posts 180
7.2.4 Broadband Chip Capacitors 182
7.2.5 Broadband RF Chokes 185
7.2.6 Bond-Wire Inductance 187
7.2.7 dc Biasing 189
7.2.8 Substrate Material 190
7.3 Circuit Layout and Mask Generation 191
7.3.1 Fabrication of MICs 191
7.4 Fabrication of Test Carriers and Amplifier Housings 195
References 198
CHAPTER 8
Ultrabroadband Hybrid and Broadband Monolithic Amplifiers 199
8.1 Introduction 199
8.2 Ultrabroadband Hybrid MIC Amplifier 199
8.3 Ultrabroadband Hybrid Amplifier as Data Modulator Driver 201
8.3.1 Driver Amplifier for Optical Transmitter 201
8.3.2 Amplifier Requirements 202
8.3.3 Amplifier Design 202
8.3.4 Amplifier Performance 203
8.4 Broadband MMIC Distributed Amplifier 205
References 208
APPENDIX A
Artificial Transmission Line Theory Related to Distributed Amplifiers 209
A.1 Artificial Transmission Line 209
A.2 Ladder Network 209
A.3 Characteristic Impedance Z
211
o
A.4 T-Section 212
A.5 π-Section 212
A.6 L-Section 213
Reference 214
List of Acronyms 215
List of Symbols 217
About the Authors 221
Index 223