文件名称：The Beginner's Handbook of Amateur Radio
文件大小：2.64MB
文件格式：PDF
更新时间：2013-08-23 13:15:17
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Chapter 1 Introduction to Amateur Radio 1 Who Can Become a Ham Radio Operator? 1 New Avenues into Amateur Radio 2 About Amateur Radio 2 A History of Amateur Radio 3 Early pioneers 3 Beginning of amateur radio 5 First licenses for amateur radio operators 7 The death knell for amateur radio 8 The golden age of amateur radio 9 Amateur Radio—A Scientific Hobby 11 Amateur Radio Public Service 12 The Path into Amateur Radio—The Technician Class License 15 Chapter 2 How to Prepare for the FCC Technician Class Examination 19 The Federal Communications Commission 21 The FCC Volunteer Examiner Program 22 FCC Amateur Radio Operating Classes 22 The Amateur Radio Frequency Spectrum 23 FCC Rules and Regulations 25 Part 97: Amateur Radio Service 25 Amateur Call-Sign Allocations 55 How to Learn International Morse Code 58 What is Morse Code? 58 How code is transmitted 59 Who can learn Morse code? 61 The FCC Written Examinations 67 The VEC question pool 67 Scheduling the examination 69 Taking the examination 69 Chapter 3 Radio Communications Theory 71 Definitions 71 The Radio Circuit—Transmitter to Receiver 73 The Electromagnetic Spectrum 74 Frequency and wavelength 76 The radio frequency spectrum 78 Wave propagation 80 Types of Propagation 80 The Effects of the Ionosphere on Radio Communications 82 Ionospheric layers 83 Sunspots affect the ionosphere 83 High sunspot activity 84 Propagation characteristics of the ionosphere 85 Nighttime propagation conditions 87 Chapter 4 Principles of Electricity and Magnetism 89 Definitions 89 Fundamentals of Electricity 91 Atoms and matter 92 Negative and positive charges 93 Electricity—the flow of electrons 93 Units of voltage and current 94 Conductors and insulators 95 Resistance and resistors 95 Some Basic Electrical Laws 98 Ohm’s law 99 Resistors in series 100 Resistors in parallel 100 Series-parallel combinations 101 Current flow in series dc circuits 101 IR voltage drops 104 Current flow in parallel dc circuits 105 Magnetism 106 The magnetic field 106 Temporary and permanent magnets 107 Electromagnetism 107 Magnetomotive force (MMF) 108 Electromagnetic induction 109 Alternating current and voltage 109 The ac sine wave 109 ac circuits 111 Capacitors and Capacitance 112 How capacitors work 114 Capacitor voltage ratings 115 Connecting capacitors in parallel 115 Connecting capacitors in series 116 Capacitive reactance 116 Phase angle of capacitors 118 Testing capacitors 118 Inductors and Inductance 119 Inductance 119 Series inductors 121 Parallel inductors 121 Inductive reactance, XL 123 Phase angle of inductors 123 Transformers 124 Basic transformer concepts 125 Testing inductors and transformers with a multimeter 127 ac Circuit Analysis 128 Impedance and phase angles 128 Resonance and tuned circuits 129 The Q of resonant circuits 131 Power Relationships 131 Power in a dc circuit 132 Power in an ac circuit 132 Maximum power transfer 134 Chapter 5 Tubes and Semiconductors 135 Definitions 137 Vacuum Tubes 139 Thermionic Emission 139 General Types of Vacuum Tubes 141 Diodes 141 The diode as an ac rectifier 143 Triodes 144 How triodes work 145 Triode amplification action 147 Limitations of triodes 148 Tetrodes and Pentodes 149 The tetrode 149 Limitations of the tetrode 150 The pentode 151 The pentode as an amplifier 152 Beam-power tubes 153 Gas-filled tubes 153 Cathode-ray tubes 154 Diodes, Transistors, and Other Semiconductor Devices 154 n-type semiconductor 156 p-type semiconductor 156 How semiconductor devices are made 156 The pn junction 157 How diodes work 160 Reverse bias 161 Diode circuits 162 Special-Purpose Diodes 164 The zener diode 165 The varactor diode 166 Transistors 166 Bipolar transistor construction 169 npn transistor operation 169 pnp transistor operation 171 Common-base amplifying circuits 171 Common-emitter amplifier circuits 174 Common-emitter design considerations 176 Variations in transistor characteristics 179 Voltage gain of common-emitter amplifier circuits 180 Frequency limitations of transistors 181 The common-collector configuration 182 Summary of transistor characteristics 184 Transistor testing 184 Transistor testing with ohmmeters 185 Field-Effect Transistors 187 The junction field-effect transistor 188 Characteristics of junction field-effect transistors 189 JFET circuit configurations 190 Insulated-gate field-effect transistors 192 Depletion-mode IGFET operation 192 Enhancement-mode insulated-gate field-effect transistors 194 Care and handling of insulated-gate semiconductor devices 196 Optoelectronic Devices 197 Photodiodes 198 Light-emitting diodes 199 LCD displays 199 Integrated Circuits 200 Types of integrated circuits 200 A typical IC—the 555 timer 202 Packaging of integrated circuits 202 Linear and digital integrated circuits 202 Chapter 6 Power Supplies 205 Definitions 206 Power-Supply Design Considerations 209 The power transformer 209 Rectifier circuits 210 Filter circuits 213 Electronic voltage regulators 218 A word of caution 223 Chapter 7 Electronic Circuits 227 Definitions 227 Audio- and Radio-Frequency Amplifiers 232 Basic Types of Amplifiers 234 The ideal amplifier 234 The Decibel 236 Voltage and Current Ratios in Decibels 239 Amplifier Power Levels 242 Class-A, -B, -AB, and -C Amplifiers 243 Amplifier Efficiency of Operation 244 Interstage Coupling Techniques 245 Direct coupling 245 Resistance-capacitance (RC) coupling 247 Transformer coupling 247 Impedance coupling 247 Push-Pull Operation 248 Integrated-Circuit Amplifiers 249 An IC Audio Amplifier for the Ham Shack 250 The Oscillator: An Amplifier with Feedback 253 The Basic Oscillator Circuit 254 Oscillator Characteristics 255 The Tuned LC Oscillator 255 Oscillator Circuits 257 Chapter 8 Introduction to Radio Transmitters 269 Definitions 272 The CW Transmitter 275 The Master Oscillator Power Amplifier Transmitter 276 Amplitude-Modulated Transmitters 280 Conventional AM transmitters 280 AM carrier and sideband signals 282 Single-Sideband Modulation 283 Frequency Modulation 288 FM transmitters 289 Transmitter Performance Tests 290 Transmitter frequency measurements 290 Frequency counters 291 Transmitter power measurements 292 Chapter 9 Introduction to Radio Receivers 295 Definitions 297 Receiver Basics 298 Reception 299 Selection or selectivity 300 Demodulation or detection 301 Reproduction 302 Simple Receivers 302 Tuned radio-frequency (TRF) receivers 302 Direct-conversion receivers 303 The Superheterodyne Receiver 305 RF amplifiers 307 Local oscillators 307 Mixers 309 Regenerative-detector receivers 310 IF amplifiers 310 Detectors and beat-frequency oscillators 312 Automatic gain control 312 S meters 313 Interference and Receiver Limitations 313 Receiver Overload 314 Harmonic Signals 315 Constructing the “Sudden” 160- to 20-Meter Direct Conversion Receiver 315 FM Receivers 319 Chapter 10 All about Transmission Lines and Antennas 323 Definitions 324 Transmission Line Basics 326 Types of Transmission Lines 327 Twin-lead lines 327 Coaxial transmission lines 328 Standing Waves 329 Standing-wave ratios 329 High-Frequency Antennas 332 Half-wave doublet (or dipole) antenna 333 Safety and other considerations 340 Multiband antennas 347 Vertical antennas 350 Beam antennas 351 Station Wiring Diagrams 355 Chapter 11 RF Radiation Safety and Radio Communications Practices and Procedures 357 Definitions 357 Radio Frequency Environmental Safety Practices 361 Determining Compliance with FCC RF Safety Rules and Regulations 365 General RF safety recommendations 367 Radio Communications Practices 368 Station installation 368 Station layout 369 Station wiring 370 Radio-Frequency Interference (RFI) 371 Elimination of RFI 371 How to Use Test Equipment 373 Meter movements 373 Ammeters 374 Voltmeters 374 Ohmmeters 375 The multimeter 377 Wattmeters 377 Operating Procedures 377 Operating courtesy 378 CW or telegraph procedures 379 Q signals 379 The RST signal-reporting system 380 Prosigns and standard abbreviations 380 A Typical Contact on the Technician Bands 380 Appendix A. Element 2—Technician Class Examination Question Pool 385 Answers 481 Appendix B. The W5YI RF Safety Tables 485 Index 491