Telecommunication Circuits and Technology

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文件名称：Telecommunication Circuits and Technology
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更新时间：2013-08-23 13:18:28
Telecommunication 1 Oscillators 1 .................................................... 1.1 Introduction 1 .................................................. 1.2 The principles of oscillation 2 .......................... 1.3 The basic structure and requirements of an oscillator 3 ........................................................ 1.4 RC oscillators 5 ............................................... Phase-shift oscillators 6 ......................................... Wien bridge oscillator 8 ......................................... The twin-T oscillator 11 ............................................ 1.5 LC oscillators 13 ............................................... The Colpitts oscillator 13 ......................................... The Hartley oscillator 18 .......................................... The Clapp oscillator 21 ............................................ The Armstrong oscillator 23 ..................................... 1.6 Crystal oscillators 24 ......................................... 1.7 Crystal cuts 25 .................................................. 1.8 Types of crystal oscillator 25 ............................ 1.9 Oscillator frequency stability 26 ........................ 1.10 Integrated circuit oscillators 31 ....................... 1.11 Further problems 33 ....................................... 2 Modulation systems ........................... 2.1 Introduction ................... 2.2 Analogue modulation techniques 53 ................. Amplitude modulation 53 ......................................... Power distribution in an AM wave 55 ....................... Amplitude modulation techniques 58 ....................... 2.3 The balanced modulator/ demodulator 60 ........ 2.4 Frequency modulation and demodulation 61 .... Bandwidth and CarsonÌs rule 66 .............................. 2.5 FM modulators 69 ............................................. 2.6 FM demodulators 71 ......................................... The phase-locked loop demodulator 71 .................. The ratio detector 72 ................................................ 2.7 Digital modulation techniques 73 ...................... Frequency shift keying 73 ........................................ Phase shift keying (BPSK) 76 .................................. Quadrature phase shift keying 78 ............................ 2.8 Further problems 80 ......................................... 3 Filter applications ........................... 3.1 Introduction ...................... 3.2 Passive filters 97 ............................................... 3.3 Active filters 98 ................................................. Filter response 98 .................................................... Cut-off frequency and roll-off rate 99 ....................... Filter types 100 .......................................................... Filter orders 100 ......................................................... 3.4 First-order filters 101 ........................................... 3.5 Design of first-order filters 104 ............................ 3.6 Second-order filters 106 ..................................... Low-pass second-order filters 106 ............................. 3.7 Using the transfer function 110 ........................... 3.8 Using normalized tables 112 .............................. 3.9 Using identical components 113 ......................... 3.10 Second-order high-pass filters 113 ................... 3.11 Additional problems 119 ................................... 3.12 Bandpass filters 120 ......................................... 3.13 Additional problems 124 ................................... 3.14 Switched capacitor filter 124 ............................. 3.15 Monolithic switched capacitor filter 126 ............ 3.16 The notch filter 127 ........................................... Twin- T network 128 .................................................. The state variable filter 129 ....................................... 3.17 Choosing components for filters 132 ................ Resistor selection 132 ............................................... Capacitor selection 132 ............................................. 3.18 Testing filter response 133 ............................... Signal generator and oscilloscope method 133 ......... The sweep frequency method 136 ............................ 4 Tuned amplifier applications ...................... 4.1 Introduction ...................... 4.2 Tuned circuits 162 .............................................. 4.3 The Q factor 163 ................................................. 4.4 Dynamic impedance 164 .................................... 4.5 Gain and bandwidth 164 ..................................... 4.6 Effect of loading 166 ........................................... 4.7 Effect of tapping the tuning coil 169 .................... 4.8 Transformer- coupled amplifier 173 .................... 4.9 Tuned primary 173 .............................................. 4.10 Tuned secondary 177 ....................................... 4.11 Double tuning 181 ............................................. 4.12 Crystal and ceramic tuned amplifiers 184 ......... 4.13 Integrated tuned amplifiers 188 ........................ 4.14 Testing tuned amplifiers 192 ............................. 4.15 Further problems 192 ....................................... 5 Power amplifiers ........................ 5.1 Introduction ...................... 5.2 Transistor characteristics and parameters 218 ... Using transistor characteristics 219 ........................... 5.3 Transistor bias 221 ............................................. Voltage divider bias 225 ............................................ 5.4 Small signal voltage amplifiers 227 .................... 5.5 The use of the decibel 229 ................................. 5.6 Types of power amplifier 230 .............................. Class A (single-ended) amplifier 230 ......................... Practical analysis of class A single- ended parameters 234 .......................................................... Class B push-pull (transformer) amplifier 234 ........... Crossover distortion 235 ............................................ Class B complementary pair push- pull 236 .............. Practical analysis of class B push-pull parameters 237 .......................................................... 5.7 Calculating power and efficiency 244 ................. 5.8 Integrated circuit power amplifiers 248 ............... LM380 249 ................................................................. TBA 820M 250 ........................................................... TDA2006 250 ............................................................ 5.9 Radio frequency power amplifiers 251 ............... 5.10 Power amplifier measurements 252 ................. 5.11 Further problems 254 ....................................... 6 Phase- locked loops and synthesizers...... 6.1 Introduction .................... 6.2 Operational considerations 276 .......................... 6.3 Phase-locked loop elements 277 ........................ Phase detector 277 ................................................... Amplifier 279 .............................................................. Voltage-controlled oscillator 280 ................................ Filter 281 .................................................................... 6.4 Compensation 281 .............................................. The Bode plot 281 ..................................................... Delay networks 283 ................................................... Compensation analysis 283 ....................................... 6.5 Integrated phase-locked loops 290 ..................... 6.6 Phase-locked loop design using the HCC4046B 293 ......................................................... 6.7 Frequency synthesis 296 .................................... Prescaling 298 ........................................................... 6.8 Further problems 301 ......................................... 7 Microwave devices and components ......... 7.1 Introduction .................... 7.2 Phase delay and propagation velocity 330 ......... 7.3 The propagation constant and secondary constants 331 ........................................................... 7.4 Transmission line distortion 332 ......................... 7.5 Wave reflection and the reflection coefficient 333 ........................................................... 7.6 Standing wave ratio 335 ..................................... 7.7 Fundamental waveguide characteristics 337 ...... Transmission modes 337 ........................................... Skin effect 338 ........................................................... The rectangular waveguide 338 ................................ Cut-off conditions 339 ................................................ 7.8 Microwave passive components 344 .................. The directional coupler 345 ....................................... Waveguide junctions 346 ........................................... Cavity resonators 347 ................................................ Probes 352 ................................................................ Circulators and isolators 354 ..................................... 7.9 Microwave active devices 356 ............................ Solid-state devices 356 .............................................. Microwave tubes 356 ................................................. Multicavity magnetrons 357 ....................................... 7.10 Further problems 367 ....................................... A Bessel table and graphs ............................. B Analysis of gain off resonance .................. C Circuit analysis for a tuned primary amplifier ...... D Circuit analysis for a tuned secondary..... E Circuit analysis for double tuning ............. Index