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文件名称：oracle从入门到精通
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更新时间：2019-01-05 10:18:13
oracle
一、SQL
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1.1、基本概念：
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1.2、数据库安全
：
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1.3、基本的SQL SELECT 语句
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1.4、SELECT语句
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1
、语法：
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2、SQL语句说明：
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3、数字和日期都可以使用数学运算符建立表达式。
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4、定义空（NULL）值
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5、别名
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6、spool +路径
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7、连接操作符： ||
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8、文本字符串
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9、DISTINCT
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1.5、SQLPLUS 与 SQL 的关系
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1、SQLPLUS命令的功能：
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2、查询 SQLPLUS 命令
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3、SQLPLUSW 在 WINDOWS 下运行的分析器。
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4、SQLPLUS 命令：
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11
1.6、单行函数
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1、character字符类型函数：
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2、number数字类型函数
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3、时间类型函数：
（date）
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1.7
、嵌套函数：
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1.
通用函数：
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2.
条件表达式：
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3.
从多表中显示数据：
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1.8、用字函数产生的总计
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1.9、子查询：
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2.0、替换变量：
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1.&
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2.&&
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2.1.环境变量：
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2.2
格式化命令：
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2.3
做脚本文件的过程：
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2.3
数据操作语句：
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1.
插入
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2.
删除
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3.
更新
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4.
MERGE语句
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5.
事务（transaction）
：
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2.4
创建和管理表
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1、表（TABLE）基本的存储单位，由行和列组成。
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2
、方案：一个用户所有对象的命名集合。
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3、CTAS（子查询建表）
：
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4、截取：
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5、给表加注释：COMMENT
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6、约束条件：
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2.5.视图 （VIEW）
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2.6、序列：
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2.7、索引：
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2.8
控制用户的访问
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1.数据库的安全性
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2.角色：
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3.使用集合操作
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4.ORDER BY 子句：
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5.GROUP BY 子句的增强
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6.GROUPING 函数
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2.9
高级子查询
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1.
成对子查询：
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2.层次查询
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二、Management：
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1.Oracle的构件和组件
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2.数据库的物理结构：
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1.控制文件
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2.
数据文件
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3.
重做日志文件
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4.
data file 数据文件：
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5.
作用：存放数据。
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6.
数据文件大小可以扩展。
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7.
tablespace 表空间：一个或多个数据文件的逻辑组成。
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8.
redo log file 重做日志文件
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9.
control file 控制文件
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10.
parameter file 初始化参数文件
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11.
password file 口令文件
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12.
archived log file 归档日志文件
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3.instance 实例/例程
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4、进程结构
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1.
用户进程：开始于数据库用户请求连接数据库
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2.
服务进程：与ORA实例连接，开始于用户会话的建立。
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3.
后台进程：当ORA实例启动时启动
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1.
DBWR 数据库写进程
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2.
LGWR 重作日志写进程
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6.CKPT 检查点进程
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7.ARCn 归档进程（可选）
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8.LOGICAL STRUCTURE
逻辑结构
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5、OEM ORACLE 企业管理器
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6.管理ORA实例
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7.启动过程：
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1.
NOMOUNT 实例启动阶段
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2.
MOUNT 数据库装载阶段
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3.
OPEN 打开数据库
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