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文件名称:The VLSI Handbook, Second Edition.pdf
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VLSI Handbook
We are most gratified to find that the first edition of
The VLSI Handbook
(2000) was well received and
is widely used. Thus, we feel that our original goal of providing in-depth professional-level coverage of
VLSI technology was, indeed, worthwhile. Seven years is a short time in terms of development of science
and technology; however as this handbook shows, momentous changes have occurred during this period,
necessitating not only the updating of many chapters of the handbook, but more startling, the addition
and expansion of many topics. Significant examples are low-power electronics and design, testing of
digital systems, VLSI signal processing, and design languages and tools to name a few of the more
prominent additions.
Purpose
The VLSI Handbook
provides in a single volume a comprehensive reference work covering the broad
spectrum of VLSI technology. It is written and developed for practicing electrical engineers in industry,
government, and academia. The goal is to provide the most up-to-date information in integrated
circuits (IC) technology, devices and their models, circuit simulations, low-power electronics
and design, amplifiers, analog and logic circuits, memory, registers and system timing, microprocessor
and ASIC, test and testability, design automation, VLSI signal processing, and design languages and
tools. The handbook is not an all-encompassing digest of everything taught within an electrical
engineering curriculum on VLSI technology. Rather, it is the engineer’s first choice in looking for a
solution. Therefore, full references to other sources of contributions are provided. The ideal reader is
a BS level engineer with a need for a one-source reference to keep abreast of new techniques and
procedures as well as review standard practices.
Background
The handbook stresses fundamental theory behind professional applications. To do so, it is reinforced
with frequent examples. Extensive development of theory and details of proofs have been omitted. The
reader is assumed to have a certain degree of sophistication and experience. However, brief reviews of
theories, principles, and mathematics of some subject areas are given. These reviews have been done
concisely with perception. The handbook is not a textbook replacement, but rather a reinforcement and
reminder of material learned as a student. Therefore, important advancement and traditional as well as
innovative practices are included.
Since most of the professional electrical engineers graduated before powerful personal computers were
widely available, many computational and design methods may be new to them. Therefore, computers
and software use are thoroughly covered. Not only does the handbook use traditional references to cite
sources for the contributions, but it also contains all
relevant
sources of information and tools that would
4199_C000.fm Page v Tuesday, November 14, 2006 5:30 PM
vi
Preface
assist the engineer in performing his/her job. This may include sources of software, databases, standards,
seminars, conferences, etc.
Organization
Over the years, the fundamentals of VLSI technology have evolved to include a wide range of topics and
a broad range of practice. To encompass such a wide range of knowledge, the handbook focuses on the
key concepts, models, and equations that enable the electrical engineer to analyze, design, and predict
the behavior of very large-scale integrated circuits. While design formulas and tables are listed, emphasis
is placed on the key concepts and theories underlying the applications.
The information is organized into 13 major sections, which encompass the field of VLSI technology.
Each section is divided into chapters, each of which is written by a leading expert in the field to enlighten
and refresh knowledge of the mature engineer, and to educate the novice. Each section contains intro-
ductory material, leading to the appropriate applications. To help the reader, each article includes two
important and useful categories: defining terms and references.
Defining terms
are key definitions and
the first occurrence of each term defined is indicated in italic type in the text. The
references
provide a
list of useful books and articles for further reading and for additional information on the topic.
Locating Your Topic
Numerous avenues of access to information contained in the handbook are provided. A complete table
of contents is presented at the beginning of the book. In addition, an individual table of contents precedes
each of the 13 sections. Finally, each chapter begins with its own table of contents. The reader is urged
to review these tables of contents to become familiar with the structure, organization, and content of the
book. For example, see Section VIII: Microprocessor and ASIC, then Chapter 64: Microprocessor Design
Verification, and then Section 64.2: Design Verification Environment. This tree-like structure enables the
reader to move up the tree to locate information on the topic of interest.
A combined subject and author index has been compiled to provide means of accessing information.
It can also be used to locate definitions; the page on which the definition appears for each key defining
term is given in this index.
The VLSI Handbook
is structured to provide answers to most inquiries and to direct inquirer to further
sources and references. We trust that it will meet your needs.
Acknowledgments
The compilation of this book would not have been possible without the dedication and efforts of the
section editors, the publishers, and most of all the contributing authors. I wish to thank all of them and
also my wife, Shiao-Ling, for her patience and understanding.
Wai-Kai Chen