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CakePHP Application Development Cookbook
Preface
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Chapter 6, Routing Magic: Almost every web-based application will eventually have to develop
a successful strategy to obtain better search engine position through a technique known as
search engine optimization.
This chapter starts by introducing some basic concepts of routing through the use of
route parameters, and continues to build optimized routes to leverage our search engine
placement.
The final section in this chapter shows us how to create highly optimized URLs for our user
profiles, and how to build custom Route classes to obtain even more flexibility.
Chapter 7, Creating and Consuming Web Services: Web services are essential when looking
forward to expose application functionality to third-party applications, or when looking forward
to integrate foreign services into our own applications. They offer a broad set of technologies
and definitions so systems written in different programming languages can communicate.
This chapter introduces a set of recipes to consume web services and to expose parts of our
application as web services.
Chapter 8, Working with Shells: One of the most powerful, yet unknown, features of CakePHP
is its shell framework. It provides applications with all that is required for building command
line tools, which can be used to perform intensive tasks and any other type of non interactive
processing.
This chapter introduces the reader to CakePHP shells by starting with the process of building
basic shells, and then moving on to more advanced features, such as sending e-mails, and
running controller actions from shells. It finishes by presenting the robot plugin, which offers
a fully featured solution for scheduling and running tasks.
Chapter 9, Internationalizing Applications: This chapter includes a set of recipes that allow the
reader to internationalize all aspects of their CakePHP applications, including static content
(such as those available in views), and dynamic content (such as database records).
The first two recipes show how to allow text that is part of any CakePHP view, or model
validation messages, to be ready for translation. The third recipe shows how to translate more
complex expressions. The fourth recipe shows how to run CakePHP's built in tools to extract all
static content that needs translation, and then translate that content to different languages.
The fifth recipe shows how to translate database records. Finally, the last recipe shows how to
allow users to change the current application language.
Chapter 10, Testing: This chapter covers one of the most interesting areas of application
programming: unit testing through CakePHP's built-in tools, which offers a complete and
powerful unit testing framework.
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Preface
4
The first recipe shows how to set up the test framework so that we can create our own test
cases. The second recipe shows how to create test data (fixtures) and use that data to test
model methods. The third and fourth recipes show how to test controller actions, and how to
test that our views are showing what we expect. The last recipe shows how to run the test in a
non-ordinary fashion.
Chapter 11, Utility Classes and Tools: This chapter introduces a set of utility classes and
helpful techniques that improve the architecture of a CakePHP application.
The first recipe shows how to work with a CakePHP class that optimizes the manipulation of
arrays. The second recipe shows how to send an e-mail using the Email component. The third
recipe shows how to use the MagicDb class to detect the type of a file, and the last recipe
shows how to create application exceptions, and properly handle them when they are thrown.
What you need for this book
We need the following software for the book:
f
A web server supported by CakePHP (such as Apache)
f
A database engine supported by CakePHP (such as MySQL)
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CakePHP installed, configured, and working properly
Who this book is for
If you are a CakePHP developer who wants to discover quick and easy ways to improve web
applications, and to leverage all aspects of the framework, this book is for you. This book
assumes that you already have knowledge of CakePHP and general PHP development skills.
Conventions
In this book, you will find a number of styles of text that distinguish between different kinds of
information. Here are some examples of these styles, and an explanation of their meaning.
Code words in text are shown as follows: "Create a file named query_log.php and place it in
your app/controllers/components folder with the following contents:"
CakePHP is a rapid development framework for PHP that provides an extensible architecture
for developing, maintaining, and deploying web applications. While the framework has a lot of
documentation and reference guides available for beginners, developing more sophisticated
and scalable applications require a deeper knowledge of CakePHP features, a challenge that
proves difficult even for well established developers.
The recipes in this cookbook will give you instant results and will help you to develop web
applications, leveraging the CakePHP features that allow you to build robust and complex
applications. Following the recipes in this book (which show how to work with AJAX,
datasources, GEO location, routing, performance optimization, and more), you will be able
to understand and use these features in no time.
What this book covers
Chapter 1, Authentication: This chapter explains how to set up authentication on a CakePHP
application, starting from the most basic setup and finishing with advanced authorization
mechanisms. This is accomplished through the use of tools that are built into the framework
core, which allow us to quickly set up secure areas, without losing flexibility to build more
complex solutions.
The first two recipes show us how to set up a basic, yet fully working authentication system.
The next three recipes allow our users to log in using different information, have their user
details saved after a successful login, and show us how to get this user information. The
sixth recipe shows a more complex authorization technique that relies on route prefixes. The
seventh recipe sets up a complex authentication system through the use of CakePHP's Access
Control Layer. Finally, the last recipe shows us how to integrate our application with OpenID.
Chapter 2, Model Bindings: This chapter deals with one of the most important aspects of a
CakePHP application: the relationship between models, also known as model bindings or
associations. Being an integral part of any application's logic, it is of crucial importance that
we master all aspects of how model bindings can be manipulated to get the data we need,
when we need it.
Preface
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In order to do so, we will go through a series of recipes that will show us how to change the
way bindings are fetched, what bindings and what information from a binding is returned,
how to create new bindings, and how to build hierarchical data structures
Chapter 3, Pushing the Search: Using models to fetch data is one of the most important
aspects of any CakePHP application. As such, a good use of the find functions the framework
provides can certainly guarantee the success of our application, and as importantly ensure
that our code is readable and maintainable.
In this chapter, we have several recipes to resort to manual SQL-based queries when the
need arises.
CakePHP also lets us define our custom find types that will extend the basic ones, allowing
our code to be even more readable. The last recipes in this chapter show us how to add
pagination support to our find type.
Chapter 4, Validation and Behaviors: This chapter deals with two aspects of CakePHP
models that are fundamental to most applications: validation and behaviors.
When we are saving information to a data source (such as a database), CakePHP will
automatically ensure that the data is quoted in order to prevent attacks, SQL injection
being the most common one. If we also need to ensure that the data follows a certain
format (for example, that a phone number is valid), we use validation rules.
There are also times where we need to do more than just validate the data we are working
with. In some cases, we need to set values for fields that the end user can't specify but are
part of our application logic. CakePHP's behaviors allow us to extend the functionality provided
by a model, using callbacks to manipulate the data before it's saved, or after it's fetched.
The third recipe shows us how to use model callbacks (such as beforeFind and
afterFind) in behaviors, while the fourth recipe shows how to use behaviors to add
additional field values when a save operation is being undertaken.
The last two recipes in this chapter give examples on how to use the Sluggable behavior (for
creating SEO friendly URLs), and the Geocodable behavior (to add geocoding support to an
Address model).
Chapter 5, Datasources: Datasources are the backbone of almost all model operations. They
provide an abstraction between model logic and the underlying data layer, allowing a more
flexible approach to data manipulation. Through this abstraction, CakePHP applications are
able to manipulate data without knowing the specifics of how it's stored, or fetched.
This chapter shows how to get information from existing datasources, use pre-built
datasources to deal with non-relational data, and teaches us how to create a full-featured
twitter datasource.
