文件名称：Dive Into Python 中文版
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Python 中文
目录 第 1 章 安装 Python........................................................................................................................................7 1.1. 哪一种 Python 适合您？ .....................................................................................................................7 1.2. Windows 上的 Python.........................................................................................................................7 1.3. Mac OS X 上的 Python ........................................................................................................................9 1.4. Mac OS 9 上的 Python .......................................................................................................................10 1.5. RedHat Linux 上的 Python ..............................................................................................................11 1.6. Debian GNU/Linux 上的 Python ...................................................................................................11 1.7. 从源代码安装 Python ........................................................................................................................12 1 1.8. 使用 Python 的交互 Shell .................................................................................................................13 1.9. 小结 .....................................................................................................................................................13 第 2 章 第一个 Python 程序 .........................................................................................................................14 2.1. 概览 .....................................................................................................................................................14 2.2. 函数声明 .............................................................................................................................................15 2.3. 文档化函数 .........................................................................................................................................16 2.4. 万物皆对象 .........................................................................................................................................16 2.5. 代码缩进 .............................................................................................................................................18 2.6. 测试模块 .............................................................................................................................................20 第 3 章 内置数据类型 ...................................................................................................................................21 3.1. Dictionary 介绍 .................................................................................................................................21 3.2. List 介绍 ..............................................................................................................................................23 3.3. Tuple 介绍 ..........................................................................................................................................28 3.4. 变量声明 .............................................................................................................................................30 3.5. 格式化字符串 .....................................................................................................................................32 3.6. 映射 list ...............................................................................................................................................33 3.7. 连接 list 与分割字符串 ......................................................................................................................35 3.8. 小结 .....................................................................................................................................................37 第 4 章 自省的威力 .......................................................................................................................................38 4.1. 概览 .....................................................................................................................................................38 4.2. 使用可选参数和命名参数 .................................................................................................................39 4.3. 使用 type、str、dir 和其它内置函数 ..............................................................................................40 4.4. 通过 getattr 获取对象引用 ................................................................................................................43 4.5. 过滤列表 .............................................................................................................................................46 4.6. and 和 or 的特殊性质 ........................................................................................................................47 4.7. 使用 lambda 函数 ..............................................................................................................................49 4.8. 全部放在一起 .....................................................................................................................................51 4.9. 小结 .....................................................................................................................................................54 第 5 章 对象和面向对象 ...............................................................................................................................55 5.1. 概览 .....................................................................................................................................................55 5.2. 使用 from module import 导入模块 ...............................................................................................57 5.3. 类的定义 .............................................................................................................................................59 5.4. 类的实例化 .........................................................................................................................................61 5.5. 探索 UserDict：一个封装类 .............................................................................................................63 5.6. 专用类方法 .........................................................................................................................................66 5.7. 高级专用类方法 .................................................................................................................................69 5.8. 类属性介绍 .........................................................................................................................................70 2 5.9. 私有函数 .............................................................................................................................................72 5.10. 小结 ...................................................................................................................................................73 第 6 章 异常和文件处理 ...............................................................................................................................74 6.1. 异常处理 .............................................................................................................................................74 6.2. 与文件对象共事 .................................................................................................................................77 6.3. for 循环 ...............................................................................................................................................81 6.4. 使用 sys.modules...............................................................................................................................83 6.5. 与目录共事 .........................................................................................................................................85 6.6. 全部放在一起 .....................................................................................................................................89 6.7. 小结 .....................................................................................................................................................90 第 7 章 正则表达式 .......................................................................................................................................93 7.1. 概览 .....................................................................................................................................................93 7.2. 个案研究：街道地址 ..........................................................................................................................93 7.3. 个案研究：罗马字母 ..........................................................................................................................95 7.4. 使用 {n,m} 语法 .................................................................................................................................98 7.5. 松散正则表达式 ...............................................................................................................................101 7.6. 个案研究：解析电话号码 ...............................................................................................................102 7.7. 小结 ...................................................................................................................................................107 第 8 章 HTML 处理 ....................................................................................................................................108 8.1. 概览 ...................................................................................................................................................108 8.2. sgmllib.py 介绍 ...............................................................................................................................113 8.3. 从 HTML 文档中提取数据 .............................................................................................................116 8.4. BaseHTMLProcessor.py 介绍 ........................................................................................................118 8.5. locals 和 globals................................................................................................................................120 8.6. 基于 dictionary 的字符串格式化 ...................................................................................................124 8.7. 给属性值加引号 ...............................................................................................................................125 8.8. dialect.py 介绍 .................................................................................................................................126 8.9. 全部放在一起 ...................................................................................................................................129 8.10. 小结 .................................................................................................................................................131 第 9 章 XML 处理 .......................................................................................................................................133 9.1. 概览 ...................................................................................................................................................133 9.2. 包 .......................................................................................................................................................140 9.3. XML 解析 .........................................................................................................................................142 9.4. Unicode .............................................................................................................................................145 9.5. 搜索元素 ...........................................................................................................................................149 9.6. 访问元素属性 ...................................................................................................................................151 9.7. Segue [9]............................................................................................................................................152 第 10 章 脚本和流 .......................................................................................................................................154 3 10.1. 抽象输入源 .....................................................................................................................................154 10.2. 标准输入、输出和错误 .................................................................................................................158 10.3. 查询缓冲节点 .................................................................................................................................162 10.4. 查找节点的直接子节点 .................................................................................................................163 10.5. 根据节点类型创建不同的处理器 .................................................................................................164 10.6. 处理命令行参数 ..............................................................................................................................166 10.7. 全部放在一起 .................................................................................................................................169 10.8. 小结 .................................................................................................................................................171 第 11 章 HTTP Web 服务 ...........................................................................................................................172 11.1. 概览 .................................................................................................................................................172 11.2. 避免通过 HTTP 重复地获取数据 ................................................................................................174 11.3. HTTP 的特性 .................................................................................................................................175 11.4. 调试 HTTP web 服务 .....................................................................................................................177 11.5. 设置 User-Agent.............................................................................................................................178 11.6. 处理 Last-Modified 和 ETag..........................................................................................................180 11.7. 处理重定向 .....................................................................................................................................183 11.8. 处理压缩数据 .................................................................................................................................187 11.9. 全部放在一起 .................................................................................................................................190 11.10. 小结 ...............................................................................................................................................192 第 12 章 SOAP Web 服务 ...........................................................................................................................193 12.1. 概览 .................................................................................................................................................193 12.2. 安装 SOAP 库 ................................................................................................................................194 12.3. 步入 SOAP......................................................................................................................................196 12.4. SOAP 网络服务查错 .....................................................................................................................197 12.5. WSDL 介绍 .....................................................................................................................................199 12.6. 以 WSDL 进行 SOAP 内省 ...........................................................................................................200 12.7. 搜索 Google ...................................................................................................................................202 12.8. SOAP 网络服务故障排除 .............................................................................................................205 12.9. 小结 .................................................................................................................................................209 第 13 章 单元测试 .......................................................................................................................................210 13.1. 罗马数字程序介绍 II ......................................................................................................................210 13.2. 深入 .................................................................................................................................................211 13.3. romantest.py 介绍 ..........................................................................................................................211 13.4. 正面测试 (Testing for success) .....................................................................................................215 13.5. 负面测试 (Testing for failure) .......................................................................................................217 13.6. 完备性检测 (Testing for sanity) ...................................................................................................219 第 14 章 测试优先编程 ...............................................................................................................................222 4 14.1. roman.py, 第 1 阶段 .......................................................................................................................222 14.2. roman.py, 第 2 阶段 .......................................................................................................................225 14.3. roman.py, 第 3 阶段 .......................................................................................................................229 14.4. roman.py, 第 4 阶段 .......................................................................................................................233 14.5. roman.py, 第 5 阶段 .......................................................................................................................235 第 15 章 重构 ...............................................................................................................................................239 15.1. 处理 bugs ........................................................................................................................................239 15.2. 应对需求变化 .................................................................................................................................241 15.3. 重构 .................................................................................................................................................248 15.4. 后记 .................................................................................................................................................252 15.5. 小结 .................................................................................................................................................254 第 16 章 函数编程 .......................................................................................................................................256 16.1. 概览 .................................................................................................................................................256 16.2. 找到路径 .........................................................................................................................................257 16.3. 重识列表过滤 .................................................................................................................................260 16.4. 重识列表映射 .................................................................................................................................261 16.5. 数据中心思想编程 ..........................................................................................................................263 16.6. 动态导入模块 .................................................................................................................................264 16.7. 全部放在一起 .................................................................................................................................265 16.8. 小结 .................................................................................................................................................268 第 17 章 动态函数 .......................................................................................................................................269 17.1. 概览 .................................................................................................................................................269 17.2. plural.py, 第 1 阶段 ........................................................................................................................269 17.3. plural.py, 第 2 阶段 ........................................................................................................................272 17.4. plural.py, 第 3 阶段 ........................................................................................................................273 17.5. plural.py, 第 4 阶段 ........................................................................................................................274 17.6. plural.py, 第 5 阶段 ........................................................................................................................277 17.7. plural.py, 第 6 阶段 ........................................................................................................................278 17.8. 小结 .................................................................................................................................................281 第 18 章 性能优化 .......................................................................................................................................283 18.1. 概览 .................................................................................................................................................283 18.2. 使用 timeit 模块 .............................................................................................................................285 18.3. 优化正则表达式 ..............................................................................................................................287 18.4. 优化字典查找 .................................................................................................................................290 18.5. 优化列表操作 .................................................................................................................................293 18.6. 优化字符串操作 ..............................................................................................................................295 18.7. 小结 .................................................................................................................................................297 5 附录 A. 进一步阅读 ....................................................................................................................................298 附录 B. 五分钟回顾 .....................................................................................................................................303 附录 C. 技巧和窍门 ....................................................................................................................................319 附录 D. 示例清单 ........................................................................................................................................329 附录 E. 修订历史 .........................................................................................................................................344 附录 F. 关于本书 .........................................................................................................................................360 附录 G. GNU Free Documentation License .............................................................................................361 G.0. Preamble ..........................................................................................................................................361 G.1. Applicability and definitions ........................................................................................................361 G.2. Verbatim copying ............................................................................................................................362 G.3. Copying in quantity ........................................................................................................................362 G.4. Modifications ..................................................................................................................................363 G.5. Combining documents ...................................................................................................................364 G.6. Collections of documents ...............................................................................................................364 G.7. Aggregation with independent works .........................................................................................365 G.8. Translation ......................................................................................................................................365 G.9. Termination .....................................................................................................................................365 G.10. Future revisions of this license ....................................................................................................365 G.11. How to use this License for your documents ...........................................................................365 附录 H. GNU *文档协议 ......................................................................................................................367 H.0. 序 ......................................................................................................................................................367 H.1. 适用范围和定义 ..............................................................................................................................367 H.2. 原样复制 ..........................................................................................................................................368 H.3. 大量复制 ..........................................................................................................................................368 H.4. 修改 ..................................................................................................................................................369 H.5. 合并文档 ..........................................................................................................................................370 H.6. 文档合集 ..........................................................................................................................................370 H.7. 独立著作聚集 .................................................................................................................................370 H.8. 翻译 ..................................................................................................................................................371 H.9. 终止协议 ..........................................................................................................................................371 H.10. 协议将来的修订 ............................................................................................................................371 H.11. 如何为你的文档使用本协议 ........................................................................................................371 附录 I. Python license .................................................................................................................................373 I.A. History of the software ...................................................................................................................373 I.B. Terms and conditions for accessing or otherwise using Python ...............................................373 附录 J. Python 协议 ....................................................................................................................................377 J.0. 关于译文的声明 ...............................................................................................................................377 J.A. 软件的历史 ......................................................................................................................................377 J.B. 使用 Python 的条款和条件 .............................................................................................................377