普通ajax案例：
views.py
def testajax(request):
h = request.POST.get('hostname') #拿到ajax传来的值
i = request.POST.get('ip')
p = request.POST.get('port')
b = request.POST.get('b_id')
if h and len(h) < 5: #如果为空和长度小于5
models.Host.objects.create(hostname=h,ip=i,port=p,b_id=b) #存入主机表信息
return HttpResponse('OK') #存入成功返回‘OK’
else:
return HttpResponse('fail') #不成功返回‘fail’
HTML
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Title</title>
<style>
.hide{
display: none;
}
.shade{
position: fixed;
top: 0;
right: 0;
left: 0;
bottom: 0;
background: black;
opacity: 0.6;
z-index: 100;
}
.add-modal{
position: fixed;
height: 300px;
width: 400px;
top: 100px;
left: 50%;
z-index: 101;
border: 1px solid black;
background: white;
margin-left: -200px;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<h1>主机信息</h1>
<div>
<input type="button" id="add_host" value="添加"/>
</div>
<table border="1">
<thead>
<tr>
<th>序号</th>
<th>主机名</th>
<th>IP</th>
<th>端口</th>
<th>业务线ID</th>
<th>业务线名称</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
{% for row in v1 %}
<tr host-id="{{ row.id }}" bid="{{ row.b_id }}">
<td>{{ forloop.counter }}</td>
<td>{{ row.hostname }}</td>
<td>{{ row.ip }}</td>
<td>{{ row.port }}</td>
<td>{{ row.b_id }}</td>
<td>{{ row.b.caption }}</td>
</tr>
{% endfor %}
</tbody>
</table> <div class="shade hide"></div>
<div class="add-modal hide">
<form action="/host" method="POST">
<div class="group">
<input type="text" id="host" placeholder="主机名" name="hostname"/>
</div>
<div class="group">
<input type="text" id="ip" placeholder="IP" name="ip"/>
</div>
<div class="group">
<input type="text" id="port" placeholder="端口" name="port"/>
</div>
<div class="group">
<select id="sel" name="b_id">
{% for op in b_list %}
<option value="{{ op.id }}">{{ op.caption }}</option>
{% endfor %}
</select>
</div>
<input type="submit" value="提交"/>
<input type="button" id="cancel" value="取消"/>
</form>
# ajax提交按钮，id为ajax_submit在JS中进行判断
<input type="button" value="ajaxtijiao" id="ajax_submit" style="display: inline-block;padding: 5px;background: blue;color: black;"/>
</div>
<script src="static/js/jquery.min.js"></script>
<script>
$(function() {
$('#add_host').click(function(){
$('.shade,.add-modal').removeClass('hide');
});
$('#cancel').click(function(){
$('.shade,.add-modal').addClass('hide');
});
})
$('#ajax_submit').click(function(){ #判断标签‘ajax_submit’的ajax提交事件
$.ajax({
url: "/testajax", #提交的url
type: "POST", #提交方式 POST|GET
data: {'hostname': $('#host').val(), 'ip': $('#ip').val(), 'port': $('#port').val(),'b_id': $('#sel').val()}, #提交的数据
success: function(data) { #返回的函数
if(data == "OK"){ #如果返回OK
location.reload(); #重新加载本网页（刷新）
}else{
alert(data); #不然返回一个弹出框
}
}
})
}) </script>
</body>
</html>
ajax回传json数据：
views.py
def testajax(request):
import json #导入json包
ret = {'status': True, 'error': None, 'data': None} #json格式的字符串序列
try: #使用try来捕获错误
h = request.POST.get('hostname')
i = request.POST.get('ip')
p = request.POST.get('port')
b = request.POST.get('b_id')
if h and len(h) > 5:
models.Host.objects.create(
hostname=h,
ip=i,
port=p,
b_id=b)
else:
ret['status'] = False #往字符串中写入错误字段
ret['error'] = "太短了"
except Exception as e: #报错字段
ret['status'] = False #往字符串中写入错误字段
ret['error'] = "请求错误"
return HttpResponse(json.dumps(ret)) #使用json工具把json格式转换成为字符串
HTML
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Title</title>
<style>
.hide{
display: none;
}
.shade{
position: fixed;
top: 0;
right: 0;
left: 0;
bottom: 0;
background: black;
opacity: 0.6;
z-index: 100;
}
.add-modal{
position: fixed;
height: 300px;
width: 400px;
top: 100px;
left: 50%;
z-index: 101;
border: 1px solid black;
background: white;
margin-left: -200px;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<h1>主机信息</h1>
<div>
<input type="button" id="add_host" value="添加"/>
</div>
<table border="1">
<thead>
<tr>
<th>序号</th>
<th>主机名</th>
<th>IP</th>
<th>端口</th>
<th>业务线ID</th>
<th>业务线名称</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
{% for row in v1 %}
<tr host-id="{{ row.id }}" bid="{{ row.b_id }}">
<td>{{ forloop.counter }}</td>
<td>{{ row.hostname }}</td>
<td>{{ row.ip }}</td>
<td>{{ row.port }}</td>
<td>{{ row.b_id }}</td>
<td>{{ row.b.caption }}</td>
</tr>
{% endfor %}
</tbody>
</table> <div class="shade hide"></div>
<div class="add-modal hide">
<form action="/host" method="POST">
<div class="group">
<input type="text" id="host" placeholder="主机名" name="hostname"/>
</div>
<div class="group">
<input type="text" id="ip" placeholder="IP" name="ip"/>
</div>
<div class="group">
<input type="text" id="port" placeholder="端口" name="port"/>
</div>
<div class="group">
<select id="sel" name="b_id">
{% for op in b_list %}
<option value="{{ op.id }}">{{ op.caption }}</option>
{% endfor %}
</select>
</div>
<input type="submit" value="提交"/>
<input type="button" id="cancel" value="取消"/>
</form>
<input type="button" value="ajaxtijiao" id="ajax_submit"
style="display: inline-block;padding: 5px;background: blue;color: black;"/>
<span id="error_msg" style="color: red"></span>
</div>
<script src="static/js/jquery.min.js"></script>
<script>
$(function() {
$('#add_host').click(function(){
$('.shade,.add-modal').removeClass('hide');
});
$('#cancel').click(function(){
$('.shade,.add-modal').addClass('hide');
});
})
$('#ajax_submit').click(function(){
$.ajax({
url: "/testajax",
type: "POST",
data: {'hostname': $('#host').val(), 'ip': $('#ip').val(), 'port': $('#port').val(),
'b_id': $('#sel').val()},
success: function(data) {
# console.log(data); #获得回传数据，在console中打印出来
var obj = JSON.parse(data); #将字符串转换成为json格式 JSON.stringify():将json格式转换成为字符串
if(obj.status){ #取出json中status字段
location.reload();
}else{
$('#error_msg').text(obj.error); #取出 error字段并打印在标签‘error_msg’中
}
}
})
}) </script>
</body>
</html>
打印结果：
传递过来的json字符串，console打印出来了
使用ajax时最好使用 HttpResponse(json.dumps(data))返回一个字符串使用前端JSON.parse转换成为json格式在调用
不要使用render和redirect返回数据
案例：
$.ajax({
data: $('#edit_form').serialize()； #实现一句话提交数据，不用再写很多的对应关系
})