最近碰到一个功能, 觉得可以记录下来.
在web中, 经常会碰到上下级的数据, 或者是联动数据, 比如省市联动. 那么在导入数据的时候, 是否可以在动态生成的模板中, 加入联动限制呢.
一. 数据准备
public class DictData {
public static Map<String, Object> dict = null;
static {
dict = new HashMap<>();
//父节点
List<String> list = new ArrayList<>();
list.add("玲场地");
list.add("综合楼");
list.add("加建筑物");
dict.put("Building", list);
//子节点
Map<String, List<String>> subMap = new HashMap<>();
list = new ArrayList<>();
list.add("玲101");
list.add("玲102");
list.add("玲103");
list.add("玲104");
subMap.put("玲场地", list);
list = new ArrayList<>();
list.add("防灾体验中心");
list.add("财商教师");
list.add("沙画教室");
list.add("生命救护中心");
subMap.put("综合楼", list);
list = new ArrayList<>();
list.add("测试1");
list.add("测试2");
list.add("测试3");
list.add("测试4");
subMap.put("加建筑物", list);
dict.put("Room", subMap);
}
/** 获取数据字典中的值 */
public static Object getDict(String dict) {
return DictData.dict.get(dict);
}
}
数据结构:
二. 单元格坐标类
public class RowCellIndex {
/** 单元格的行索引 */
private int rowIndex;
/** 单元格的列索引 */
private int cellIndex;
public RowCellIndex(int rowIndex, int cellIndex) {
this.rowIndex = rowIndex;
this.cellIndex = cellIndex;
}
public int incrementRowIndexAndGet() {
this.rowIndex++;
return this.getRowIndex();
}
public int incrementCellIndexAndGet() {
this.cellIndex++;
return this.getCellIndex();
}
public int reduceRowIndexAndGet(){
this.rowIndex--;
return this.getRowIndex();
}
public int reduceCellIndexAndGet(){
this.cellIndex--;
return this.getCellIndex();
}
//region getter / setter
public int getRowIndex() {
return rowIndex;
}
public void setRowIndex(int rowIndex) {
this.rowIndex = rowIndex;
}
public int getCellIndex() {
return cellIndex;
}
public void setCellIndex(int cellIndex) {
this.cellIndex = cellIndex;
}
//endregion
}
操作的时候, 可以借助这个来确定坐标
三. 数据关系类
public class ExportDefinition {
private String title; // 标题
private String field; // 字段
private int rowIndex; // 所在的行
private int cellIndex; // 所在的列
private String mainDict; // 主字典-用于加载主字典的数据
private String subDict; // 子字典-用于加载subField的数据
private String subField; // 即需要级联的字典
private String refName; // 主字段所在的位置
private String point; // 标题的坐标
private boolean validate;// 是否设置数据的有限性
public ExportDefinition(String title, String field, String mainDict, String subDict, String subField) {
this.title = title;
this.field = field;
this.mainDict = mainDict;
this.subDict = subDict;
this.subField = subField;
}
//region getter / setter
public String getTitle() {
return title;
}
public void setTitle(String title) {
this.title = title;
}
public String getField() {
return field;
}
public void setField(String field) {
this.field = field;
}
public int getRowIndex() {
return rowIndex;
}
public void setRowIndex(int rowIndex) {
this.rowIndex = rowIndex;
}
public int getCellIndex() {
return cellIndex;
}
public void setCellIndex(int cellIndex) {
this.cellIndex = cellIndex;
}
public String getMainDict() {
return mainDict;
}
public void setMainDict(String mainDict) {
this.mainDict = mainDict;
}
public String getSubDict() {
return subDict;
}
public void setSubDict(String subDict) {
this.subDict = subDict;
}
public String getSubField() { return subField; }
public void setSubField(String subField) {
this.subField = subField;
}
public String getRefName() {
return refName;
}
public void setRefName(String refName) {
this.refName = refName;
}
public String getPoint() {
return point;
}
public void setPoint(String point) {
this.point = point;
}
public boolean isValidate() {
return validate;
}
public void setValidate(boolean validate) {
this.validate = validate;
}
//endregion
}
四. 帮助类
public class LinkagePoiUtils {
public static void createDataValidateSubList(Sheet sheet, ExportDefinition ed) {
int rowIndex = ed.getRowIndex();
CellRangeAddressList cal;
DVConstraint constraint;
CellReference cr;
DataValidation dataValidation;
System.out.println(ed);
for (int i = 0; i < 1000; i++) {
int tempRowIndex = ++rowIndex;
cal = new CellRangeAddressList(tempRowIndex, tempRowIndex, ed.getCellIndex(), ed.getCellIndex());
cr = new CellReference(rowIndex, ed.getCellIndex() - 1, true, true);
constraint = DVConstraint.createFormulaListConstraint("INDIRECT(" + cr.formatAsString() + ")");
dataValidation = new HSSFDataValidation(cal, constraint);
dataValidation.setSuppressDropDownArrow(false);
dataValidation.createPromptBox("操作提示", "请选择下拉选中的值");
dataValidation.createErrorBox("错误提示", "请从下拉选中选择，不要随便输入");
sheet.addValidationData(dataValidation);
}
}
/**
* 设置数据有效性
* @param edList
* @param sheet
*/
private static void setDataValidation(List<ExportDefinition> edList, Sheet sheet) {
for (ExportDefinition ed : edList) {
if (ed.isValidate()) {// 说明是下拉选
DVConstraint constraint = DVConstraint.createFormulaListConstraint(ed.getField());
if (null == ed.getRefName()) {// 说明是一级下拉选
createDataValidate(sheet, ed, constraint);
} else {// 说明是二级下拉选
createDataValidateSubList(sheet, ed);
}
}
}
}
/**
* @param sheet
* @param ed
* @param constraint
*/
private static void createDataValidate(Sheet sheet, ExportDefinition ed, DVConstraint constraint) {
CellRangeAddressList regions = new CellRangeAddressList(ed.getRowIndex() + 1, ed.getRowIndex() + 100, ed.getCellIndex(), ed.getCellIndex());
DataValidation dataValidation = new HSSFDataValidation(regions, constraint);
dataValidation.setSuppressDropDownArrow(false);
// 设置提示信息
dataValidation.createPromptBox("操作提示", "请选择下拉选中的值");
// 设置输入错误信息
dataValidation.createErrorBox("错误提示", "请从下拉选中选择，不要随便输入");
sheet.addValidationData(dataValidation);
}
/**
* 创建数据字典sheet页
* @param edList
* @param wb
*/
private static void createDictSheet(List<ExportDefinition> edList, Workbook wb, String dictSheetName, Map<String, Object> dic) {
Sheet sheet = wb.createSheet(dictSheetName);
sheet.setDefaultColumnWidth (15);// 设置单元格宽度
RowCellIndex rci = new RowCellIndex(0, 0);
for (ExportDefinition ed : edList) {
String mainDict = ed.getMainDict();
List<String> mainDictList = null;
//第一列选择项
if (null != mainDict && null == ed.getRefName()) {// 是第一个下拉选
mainDictList = (List<String>) dic.get(mainDict);
String refersToFormula = createParentDictAndReturnRefFormula(sheet, rci, mainDictList, dictSheetName);
// 创建 命名管理
createName(wb, ed.getField(), refersToFormula);
ed.setValidate(true);
}
//被联动选择项
if (null != mainDict && null != ed.getSubDict() && null != ed.getSubField()) {// 联动时加载ed.getSubField()的数据
ExportDefinition subEd = fiterByField(edList, ed.getSubField());// 获取需要级联的那个字段
if (null == subEd) {
continue;
}
subEd.setRefName(ed.getPoint());// 保存主下拉选的位置
subEd.setValidate(true);
Map<String, List<String>> subDictListMap = (Map<String, List<String>>) dic.get(ed.getSubDict());
rci.setRowIndex(1);
rci.setCellIndex(0);
for (String keys : mainDictList) {
List<String> values = subDictListMap.get(keys);
String refersToFormula = createSonDicAndReturnRefFormula(sheet, rci, values, dictSheetName);
// 创建 命名管理
createName(wb, keys, refersToFormula);
rci.setRowIndex(1);
rci.incrementCellIndexAndGet();
}
}
}
}
/**
* 纵向输出数据 -- 子节点
*
* @param sheet
* @param rci
* @param datas
* @return
*/
private static String createSonDicAndReturnRefFormula(Sheet sheet, RowCellIndex rci, List<String> datas, String dicSheetName) {
Row row = sheet.getRow(rci.getRowIndex());
if (row == null) {
row = sheet.createRow(rci.getRowIndex());
row.setHeightInPoints (20);// 行高
}
int startRow = rci.getRowIndex();
int startCell = rci.getCellIndex();
for (String dict : datas) {
row.createCell(rci.getCellIndex()).setCellValue(new HSSFRichTextString(dict));
rci.incrementRowIndexAndGet();
row = sheet.getRow(rci.getRowIndex());
if (row == null) {
row = sheet.createRow(rci.getRowIndex());
row.setHeightInPoints (20);// 行高
}
}
rci.reduceRowIndexAndGet();
int endRow = rci.getRowIndex();
int endCell = rci.getCellIndex();
String startName = new CellReference(dicSheetName, startRow, startCell, true, true).formatAsString();
String endName = new CellReference(endRow, endCell, true, true).formatAsString();
String refersToFormula = startName + ":" + endName;
rci.incrementRowIndexAndGet();
return refersToFormula;
}
/**
* 横向输出数据 -- 父节点
*
* @param sheet
* @param rci
* @param datas
* @return
*/
private static String createParentDictAndReturnRefFormula(Sheet sheet, RowCellIndex rci, List<String> datas, String dictSheetName) {
Row row = sheet.createRow(rci.getRowIndex());
row.setHeightInPoints (20);// 行高
rci.setCellIndex(0);
int startRow = rci.getRowIndex();
int startCell = rci.getCellIndex();
for (String dict : datas) {
row.createCell(rci.getCellIndex()).setCellValue(new HSSFRichTextString(dict));
rci.incrementCellIndexAndGet();
}
rci.reduceCellIndexAndGet();
int endRow = rci.getRowIndex();
int endCell = rci.getCellIndex();
String startName = new CellReference(dictSheetName, startRow, startCell, true, true).formatAsString();
String endName = new CellReference(endRow, endCell, true, true).formatAsString();
String refersToFormula = startName + ":" + endName;
rci.incrementRowIndexAndGet();
return refersToFormula;
}
/**
* @param wb
* @param nameName 表示命名管理的名字
* @param refersToFormula
*/
private static void createName(Workbook wb, String nameName, String refersToFormula) {
Name name = wb.createName();
name.setNameName(nameName);
name.setRefersToFormula(refersToFormula);
}
private static ExportDefinition fiterByField(List<ExportDefinition> edList, String field) {
for (ExportDefinition ed : edList) {
if (Objects.equals(ed.getField(), field)) {
return ed;
}
}
return null;
}
/**
* 生成联动数据列
* @param edList
* @param wb
* @param startRow 数据开始存放的行
* @param startCell 数据开始存放的列
* @param targetSheetName
* @return
*/
private static Sheet createExportSheet(List<ExportDefinition> edList, Workbook wb, int startRow, int startCell, String targetSheetName) {
//获取需要加入联动的sheet
Sheet sheet = wb.getSheet(targetSheetName);
if (sheet == null) {
sheet = wb.createSheet(targetSheetName);
}
//初始化位置
RowCellIndex rci = new RowCellIndex(startRow, startCell);
Row row = sheet.getRow(rci.getRowIndex());
if (row == null) {
//创建行
row = sheet.createRow(rci.getRowIndex());
row.setHeightInPoints (20);// 行高
}
CellReference cr = null;
Cell cell = null;
for (ExportDefinition ed : edList) {
//从顶格开始
//创建单元格
cell = row.getCell(rci.getCellIndex());
if(cell == null){
cell = row.createCell(rci.getCellIndex());
}
if(ed.getTitle() != null && ed.getTitle().trim() != ""){
cell.setCellValue(new HSSFRichTextString(ed.getTitle()));
}
ed.setRowIndex(rci.getRowIndex());
ed.setCellIndex(rci.getCellIndex());
//将单元格坐标映射到excel坐标
cr = new CellReference(ed.getRowIndex() + 1, ed.getCellIndex(), true, true);
ed.setPoint(cr.formatAsString());
rci.incrementCellIndexAndGet();
}
return sheet;
}
/**
* 创建字典sheet并绑定数据下拉
* @param edList
* @param startRow
* @param startCell
* @param targetSheetName
* @param dictSheetName
* @param dic
*/
public static Workbook createData(List<ExportDefinition> edList, int startRow, int startCell, String targetSheetName, String dictSheetName, Map<String, Object> dic){
// 2.生成导出模板
Workbook wb = new HSSFWorkbook();
// 2.生成导出模板
Sheet sheet = createExportSheet(edList, wb, startRow, startCell,targetSheetName);
// 3.创建数据字典sheet页
createDictSheet(edList, wb, dictSheetName, dic);
// 4.设置数据有效性
setDataValidation(edList, sheet);
return wb;
}
}
五. 测试
@Controller
@RequestMapping("poi")
public class PoiController { @RequestMapping("create")
public void create(){
try {
// 1.准备需要生成excel模板的数据
List<ExportDefinition> edList = new ArrayList<>();
edList.add(new ExportDefinition("建筑", "Building", "Building", "Room", "Room"));
edList.add(new ExportDefinition("场室", "Room", "Room", "", "")); Workbook wb = LinkagePoiUtils.createData(edList,0,0,"Sheet1", "dict_data", DictData.dict); // 5.保存excel到本地
OutputStream os = new FileOutputStream("f:/4.xls");
wb.write(os); System.out.println("模板生成成功.");
}
catch (Exception e){
System.out.println(e.getMessage());
}
}
}
结果:
第一行数据是横着排列的, 是父级数据
下面的数据, 都是竖着排列的, 是各父级数据的子级数据集合.
在下拉中, 出现了与之匹配的下拉选择数据.
此时还有一个问题, 当父级数据改变时, 子级数据不会清空, 这时候, 需要配合excel文件来实现这个功能.
具体的方法, 是, 先准备一个模板, 在模板中, 预先加入vba代码, 然后后台读取这个文件, 操作之后, 保存或者输出到客户端.
在Sheet上面, 点击右键, 然后点击查看代码, 将下面这段代码复制进去, 就可以实现这个联动清除的功能
Private Sub Worksheet_Change(ByVal Target As Range)
If Target.Column = 1 And Target.Row > 1 Then
Target.Offset(0, 1).ClearContents
End If
End Sub
这里的Target就是操作的单元格, 可以使用 MsgBox Target.value 查看到单元格的值, 判断vba是否起作用. 因为有些杀毒软件, 会将excel中的宏屏蔽掉
Target.Offset - 这个是偏移量, 对当前操作的单元格进行一个偏移, 得到你想操作的单元格.
这里的联动, 只能适用于二级联动, 不能支持三级联动. 如果要三级联动, 需要修改其中的部分代码.