Excel基于POI导入导出的Annotation化之路（一）

Excel在web项目里的使用变得越来越广泛，特别是和线下耦合度较高的业务，Excel导入导出变得非常频繁，尽管很多人写了诸多的工具方法，但是终究没有解决一个问题：有效的控制字段英文名称和实际表头名称（这里指Excel中文表头名称）的对应关系，在编码开发过程中，大量时间用于解决这些问题，并因此衍生出大量的工作量，以至于硬性的加了许多约定，在开发过程中，工具方法通用性并不高。因此，基于实体Bean的Annotation化是一个比较不错的尝试。

Excel导入到Bean

public class ExcelToBean{

    private static SimpleDateFormat sdf = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss");
    private int etimes = 0;

    /**
     * 从文件读取数据，最好是所有的单元格都是文本格式，日期格式要求yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss,布尔类型0：真，1：假
     *
     * @param edf
     *            数据格式化
     *
     * @param file
     *            Excel文件，支持xlsx后缀，xls的没写，基本一样
     * @return
     * @throws Exception
     */
    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
    public <E> List<E> readFromFile(ExcelDataFormatter edf, File file, Class<?> clazz) throws Exception {
        Field[] fields = ReflectUtils.getClassFieldsAndSuperClassFields(clazz);

        Map<String, String> textToKey = new HashMap<String, String>();

        Excel _excel = null;
        for (Field field : fields) {
            _excel = field.getAnnotation(Excel.class);
            if (_excel == null || _excel.skip() == true) {
                continue;
            }
            textToKey.put(_excel.name(), field.getName());
        }

        InputStream is = new FileInputStream(file);

        Workbook wb = new XSSFWorkbook(is);

        Sheet sheet = wb.getSheetAt(0);
        Row title = sheet.getRow(0);
        // 标题数组，后面用到，根据索引去标题名称，通过标题名称去字段名称用到 textToKey
        String[] titles = new String[title.getPhysicalNumberOfCells()];
        for (int i = 0; i < title.getPhysicalNumberOfCells(); i++) {
            titles[i] = title.getCell(i).getStringCellValue();
        }

        List<E> list = new ArrayList<E>();

        E e = null;

        int rowIndex = 0;
        int columnCount = titles.length;
        Cell cell = null;
        Row row = null;

        for (Iterator<Row> it = sheet.rowIterator(); it.hasNext();) {

            row = it.next();
            if (rowIndex++ == 0) {
                continue;
            }

            if (row == null) {
                break;
            }

            e = (E)clazz.newInstance();

            for (int i = 0; i < columnCount; i++) {
                cell = row.getCell(i);
                if(null==cell)continue;
                etimes = 0;
                readCellContent(textToKey.get(titles[i]), fields, cell, e, edf);
            }
            list.add(e);
        }
        return list;
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
    }

    /**
     * 从单元格读取数据，根据不同的数据类型，使用不同的方式读取<br>
     * 有时候经常和我们期待的数据格式不一样，会报异常，<br>
     * 我们这里采取强硬的方式<br>
     * 使用各种方法，知道尝试到读到数据为止，然后根据Bean的数据类型，进行相应的转换<br>
     * 如果尝试完了（总共7次），还是不能得到数据，那么抛个异常出来，没办法了
     *
     * @param key
     *            当前单元格对应的Bean字段
     * @param fields
     *            Bean所有的字段数组
     * @param cell
     *            单元格对象
     * @param obj
     * @throws Exception
     */
    public void readCellContent(String key, Field[] fields, Cell cell, Object obj, ExcelDataFormatter edf) throws Exception {

        Object o = null;

        try {
            switch (cell.getCellType()) {
            case XSSFCell.CELL_TYPE_BOOLEAN:
                o = cell.getBooleanCellValue();
                break;
            case XSSFCell.CELL_TYPE_NUMERIC:
                o = cell.getNumericCellValue();
                if (HSSFDateUtil.isCellDateFormatted(cell)) {
                    o = DateUtil.getJavaDate(cell.getNumericCellValue());
                }
                break;
            case XSSFCell.CELL_TYPE_STRING:
                o = cell.getStringCellValue();
                break;
            case XSSFCell.CELL_TYPE_ERROR:
                o = cell.getErrorCellValue();
                break;
            case XSSFCell.CELL_TYPE_BLANK:
                o = null;
                break;
            case XSSFCell.CELL_TYPE_FORMULA:
                o = cell.getCellFormula();
                break;
            default:
                o = null;
                break;
            }

            if (o == null)
                return;

            for (Field field : fields) {
                field.setAccessible(true);
                if (field.getName().equals(key)) {
                    Boolean bool = true;
                    Map<String, String> map = null;
                    if (edf == null) {
                        bool = false;
                    } else {
                        map = edf.get(field.getName());
                        if (map == null) {
                            bool = false;
                        }
                    }

                    if (field.getType().equals(Date.class)) {
                        if (o.getClass().equals(Date.class)) {
                            field.set(obj, o);
                        } else {
                            field.set(obj, sdf.parse(o.toString()));
                        }
                    } else if (field.getType().equals(String.class)) {
                        if (o.getClass().equals(String.class)) {
                            field.set(obj, o);
                        } else {
                            field.set(obj, o.toString());
                        }
                    } else if (field.getType().equals(Long.class)) {
                        if (o.getClass().equals(Long.class)) {
                            field.set(obj, o);
                        } else {
                            field.set(obj, Long.parseLong(o.toString()));
                        }
                    } else if (field.getType().equals(Integer.class)) {
                        if (o.getClass().equals(Integer.class)) {
                            field.set(obj, o);
                        } else {
                            // 检查是否需要转换
                            String ostr = o.toString();
                            ostr = ostr.split("\\.").length>0?ostr.split("\\.")[0]:ostr;
                            if (bool) {
                                field.set(obj, map.get(ostr) != null ? Integer.parseInt(map.get(ostr)) : Integer.parseInt(ostr));
                            } else {
                                field.set(obj, Integer.parseInt(ostr));
                            }

                        }
                    } else if (field.getType().equals(BigDecimal.class)) {
                        if (o.getClass().equals(BigDecimal.class)) {
                            field.set(obj, o);
                        } else {
                            field.set(obj, BigDecimal.valueOf(Double.parseDouble(o.toString())));
                        }
                    } else if (field.getType().equals(Boolean.class)) {
                        if (o.getClass().equals(Boolean.class)) {
                            field.set(obj, o);
                        } else {
                            // 检查是否需要转换
                            if (bool) {
                                field.set(obj, map.get(o.toString()) != null ? Boolean.parseBoolean(map.get(o.toString())) : Boolean.parseBoolean(o.toString()));
                            } else {
                                field.set(obj, Boolean.parseBoolean(o.toString()));
                            }
                        }
                    } else if (field.getType().equals(Float.class)) {
                        if (o.getClass().equals(Float.class)) {
                            field.set(obj, o);
                        } else {
                            field.set(obj, Float.parseFloat(o.toString()));
                        }
                    } else if (field.getType().equals(Double.class)) {
                        if (o.getClass().equals(Double.class)) {
                            field.set(obj, o);
                        } else {
                            field.set(obj, Double.parseDouble(o.toString()));
                        }

                    }

                }
            }

        } catch (Exception ex) {
            ex.printStackTrace();
            // 如果还是读到的数据格式还是不对，只能放弃了
            if (etimes > 7) {
                throw ex;
            }
            etimes++;
            if (o == null) {
                readCellContent(key, fields, cell, obj, edf);
            }
        }
    }

}

Bean导出到Excel

public class BeanToExcel {
    /**
     * 获得Workbook对象
     *
     * @param list
     *            数据集合
     * @return Workbook
     * @throws Exception
     */
    public static <T> Workbook getWorkBook(List<T> list, ExcelDataFormatter edf) throws Exception {
        // 创建工作簿
        Workbook wb = new SXSSFWorkbook();

        if (list == null || list.size() == 0)
            return wb;

        // 创建一个工作表sheet
        Sheet sheet = wb.createSheet();
        // 申明行
        Row row = sheet.createRow(0);
        // 申明单元格
        Cell cell = null;

        CreationHelper createHelper = wb.getCreationHelper();

        Field[] fields = ReflectUtils.getClassFieldsAndSuperClassFields(list.get(0).getClass());

        XSSFCellStyle titleStyle = (XSSFCellStyle) wb.createCellStyle();
        titleStyle.setFillPattern(CellStyle.SOLID_FOREGROUND);
        // 设置前景色
        titleStyle.setFillForegroundColor(new XSSFColor(new java.awt.Color(159, 213, 183)));
        titleStyle.setAlignment(CellStyle.ALIGN_CENTER);

        Font font = wb.createFont();
        font.setColor(HSSFColor.BROWN.index);
        font.setBoldweight(Font.BOLDWEIGHT_BOLD);
        // 设置字体
        titleStyle.setFont(font);

        int columnIndex = 0;
        Excel excel = null;
        for (Field field : fields) {
            field.setAccessible(true);
            excel = field.getAnnotation(Excel.class);
            if (excel == null || excel.skip() == true) {
                continue;
            }
            // 列宽注意乘256
            sheet.setColumnWidth(columnIndex, excel.width() * 256);
            // 写入标题
            cell = row.createCell(columnIndex);
            cell.setCellStyle(titleStyle);
            cell.setCellValue(excel.name());

            columnIndex++;
        }

        int rowIndex = 1;

        CellStyle cs = wb.createCellStyle();

        for (T t : list) {
            row = sheet.createRow(rowIndex);
            columnIndex = 0;
            Object o = null;
            for (Field field : fields) {

                field.setAccessible(true);

                // 忽略标记skip的字段
                excel = field.getAnnotation(Excel.class);
                if (excel == null || excel.skip() == true) {
                    continue;
                }
                // 数据
                cell = row.createCell(columnIndex);

                o = field.get(t);
                // 如果数据为空，跳过
                if (o == null)
                    continue;

                // 处理日期类型
                if (o instanceof Date) {
                    // excel.dateFormat()获取注解的日期格式，默认yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss
                    cs.setDataFormat(createHelper.createDataFormat().getFormat(excel.dateFormat()));
                    cell.setCellStyle(cs);
                    cell.setCellValue((Date) field.get(t));
                } else if (o instanceof Double || o instanceof Float) {// 浮点数
                    cell.setCellValue(field.get(t).toString());
                    if (excel.precision() != -1) {
                        cell.setCellValue(new BigDecimal(field.get(t).toString()).setScale(excel.precision(), excel.round() == true ? BigDecimal.ROUND_HALF_UP : BigDecimal.ROUND_FLOOR).toString());
                    }
                } else if (o instanceof BigDecimal) {// BigDecimal
                    cell.setCellValue((field.get(t).toString()));
                    if (excel.precision() != -1) {
                        cell.setCellValue(new BigDecimal(field.get(t).toString()).setScale(excel.precision(), excel.round() == true ? BigDecimal.ROUND_HALF_UP : BigDecimal.ROUND_FLOOR).toString());
                    }
                } else if (o instanceof Boolean) {// 布尔类型
                    Boolean bool = (Boolean) field.get(t);
                    if (edf == null) {
                        cell.setCellValue(bool);
                    } else {
                        Map<String, String> map = edf.get(field.getName());
                        if (map == null) {
                            cell.setCellValue(bool);
                        } else {
                            cell.setCellValue(map.get(bool.toString().toLowerCase()));
                        }
                    }

                } else if (o instanceof Integer) {// 整型

                    Integer intValue = (Integer) field.get(t);

                    if (edf == null) {
                        cell.setCellValue(intValue);
                    } else {
                        Map<String, String> map = edf.get(field.getName());
                        if (map == null) {
                            cell.setCellValue(intValue);
                        } else {
                            cell.setCellValue(map.get(intValue.toString()));
                        }
                    }
                } else {
                    cell.setCellValue(field.get(t).toString());
                }

                columnIndex++;
            }

            rowIndex++;
        }

        return wb;
    }

    /**
     * 将数据写入到EXCEL文档
     *
     * @param list
     *            数据集合
     * @param edf
     *            数据格式化，比如有些数字代表的状态，像是0:女，1：男，或者0：正常，1：锁定，变成可读的文字
     *            该字段仅仅针对Boolean,Integer两种类型作处理
     * @param filePath
     *            文件路径
     * @throws Exception
     */
    public static <T> void writeToFile(List<T> list, ExcelDataFormatter edf, String filePath) throws Exception {
        // 创建并获取工作簿对象
        Workbook wb = getWorkBook(list, edf);
        // 写入到文件
        FileOutputStream out = new FileOutputStream(filePath);
        wb.write(out);
        out.close();
    }

数据格式化工具类

public class ExcelDataFormatter {

    private Map<String,Map<String,String>> formatter=new HashMap<String, Map<String,String>>();

    public void set(String key,Map<String,String> map){
        formatter.put(key, map);
    }

    public Map<String,String> get(String key){
        return formatter.get(key);
    }

}

反射工具类

public class ReflectUtils {

    /**
     * 获取成员变量的修饰符
     *
     * @param clazz
     * @param field
     * @return
     * @throws Exception
     */
    public static <T> int getFieldModifier(Class<T> clazz, String field) throws Exception {
        // getDeclaredFields可以获取所有修饰符的成员变量，包括private,protected等getFields则不可以
        Field[] fields = clazz.getDeclaredFields();

        for (int i = 0; i < fields.length; i++) {
            if (fields[i].getName().equals(field)) {
                return fields[i].getModifiers();
            }
        }
        throw new Exception(clazz + " has no field \"" + field + "\"");
    }

    /**
     * 获取成员方法的修饰符
     *
     * @param clazz
     * @param method
     * @return
     * @throws Exception
     */
    public static <T> int getMethodModifier(Class<T> clazz, String method) throws Exception {

        // getDeclaredMethods可以获取所有修饰符的成员方法，包括private,protected等getMethods则不可以
        Method[] m = clazz.getDeclaredMethods();

        for (int i = 0; i < m.length; i++) {
            if (m[i].getName().equals(m)) {
                return m[i].getModifiers();
            }
        }
        throw new Exception(clazz + " has no method \"" + m + "\"");
    }

    /**
     * [对象]根据成员变量名称获取其值
     *
     * @param clazzInstance
     * @param field
     * @return
     * @throws NoSuchFieldException
     * @throws SecurityException
     * @throws IllegalArgumentException
     * @throws IllegalAccessException
     */
    public static <T> Object getFieldValue(Object clazzInstance, Object field) throws NoSuchFieldException, SecurityException, IllegalArgumentException, IllegalAccessException {

        Field[] fields = clazzInstance.getClass().getDeclaredFields();

        for (int i = 0; i < fields.length; i++) {
            if (fields[i].getName().equals(field)) {
                // 对于私有变量的访问权限，在这里设置，这样即可访问Private修饰的变量
                fields[i].setAccessible(true);
                return fields[i].get(clazzInstance);
            }
        }

        return null;
    }

    /**
     * [类]根据成员变量名称获取其值（默认值）
     *
     * @param clazz
     * @param field
     * @return
     * @throws NoSuchFieldException
     * @throws SecurityException
     * @throws IllegalArgumentException
     * @throws IllegalAccessException
     * @throws InstantiationException
     */
    public static <T> Object getFieldValue(Class<T> clazz, String field) throws NoSuchFieldException, SecurityException, IllegalArgumentException, IllegalAccessException, InstantiationException {

        Field[] fields = clazz.getDeclaredFields();

        for (int i = 0; i < fields.length; i++) {
            if (fields[i].getName().equals(field)) {
                // 对于私有变量的访问权限，在这里设置，这样即可访问Private修饰的变量
                fields[i].setAccessible(true);
                return fields[i].get(clazz.newInstance());
            }
        }

        return null;
    }

    /**
     * 获取所有的成员变量(通过GET，SET方法获取)
     *
     * @param clazz
     * @return
     */
    public static <T> String[] getFields(Class<T> clazz) {

        Field[] fields = clazz.getDeclaredFields();

        String[] fieldsArray = new String[fields.length];

        for (int i = 0; i < fields.length; i++) {
            fieldsArray[i] = fields[i].getName();
        }

        return fieldsArray;
    }

    /**
     * 获取所有的成员变量,包括父类
     *
     * @param clazz
     * @param superClass
     *            是否包括父类
     * @return
     * @throws Exception
     */
    public static <T> Field[] getFields(Class<T> clazz, boolean superClass) throws Exception {

        Field[] fields = clazz.getDeclaredFields();
        Field[] superFields = null;
        if (superClass) {
            Class superClazz = clazz.getSuperclass();
            if (superClazz != null) {
                superFields = superClazz.getDeclaredFields();
            }
        }

        Field[] allFields = null;

        if (superFields == null || superFields.length == 0) {
            allFields = fields;
        } else {
            allFields = new Field[fields.length + superFields.length];
            for (int i = 0; i < fields.length; i++) {
                allFields[i] = fields[i];
            }
            for (int i = 0; i < superFields.length; i++) {
                allFields[fields.length + i] = superFields[i];
            }
        }

        return allFields;
    }

    /**
     * 获取所有的成员变量,包括父类
     *
     * @param clazz
     * @return
     * @throws Exception
     */
    public static <T> Field[] getClassFieldsAndSuperClassFields(Class<T> clazz) throws Exception {

        Field[] fields = clazz.getDeclaredFields();

        if (clazz.getSuperclass() == null) {
            throw new Exception(clazz.getName() + "没有父类");
        }

        Field[] superFields = clazz.getSuperclass().getDeclaredFields();

        Field[] allFields = new Field[fields.length + superFields.length];

        for (int i = 0; i < fields.length; i++) {
            allFields[i] = fields[i];
        }
        for (int i = 0; i < superFields.length; i++) {
            allFields[fields.length + i] = superFields[i];
        }

        return allFields;
    }

    /**
     * 指定类，调用指定的无参方法
     *
     * @param clazz
     * @param method
     * @throws NoSuchMethodException
     * @throws SecurityException
     * @throws IllegalAccessException
     * @throws IllegalArgumentException
     * @throws InvocationTargetException
     * @throws InstantiationException
     */
    public static <T> Object invoke(Class<T> clazz, String method) throws NoSuchMethodException, SecurityException, IllegalAccessException, IllegalArgumentException, InvocationTargetException, InstantiationException {
        Object instance = clazz.newInstance();
        Method m = clazz.getMethod(method, new Class[] {});
        return m.invoke(instance, new Object[] {});
    }

    /**
     * 通过对象，访问其方法
     *
     * @param clazzInstance
     * @param method
     * @return
     * @throws NoSuchMethodException
     * @throws SecurityException
     * @throws IllegalAccessException
     * @throws IllegalArgumentException
     * @throws InvocationTargetException
     * @throws InstantiationException
     */
    public static <T> Object invoke(Object clazzInstance, String method) throws NoSuchMethodException, SecurityException, IllegalAccessException, IllegalArgumentException, InvocationTargetException, InstantiationException {
        Method m = clazzInstance.getClass().getMethod(method, new Class[] {});
        return m.invoke(clazzInstance, new Object[] {});
    }

    /**
     * 指定类，调用指定的方法
     *
     * @param clazz
     * @param method
     * @param paramClasses
     * @param params
     * @return Object
     * @throws InstantiationException
     * @throws IllegalAccessException
     * @throws NoSuchMethodException
     * @throws SecurityException
     * @throws IllegalArgumentException
     * @throws InvocationTargetException
     */
    public static <T> Object invoke(Class<T> clazz, String method, Class<T>[] paramClasses, Object[] params) throws InstantiationException, IllegalAccessException, NoSuchMethodException, SecurityException, IllegalArgumentException, InvocationTargetException {
        Object instance = clazz.newInstance();
        Method _m = clazz.getMethod(method, paramClasses);
        return _m.invoke(instance, params);
    }

    /**
     * 通过类的实例，调用指定的方法
     *
     * @param clazzInstance
     * @param method
     * @param paramClasses
     * @param params
     * @return
     * @throws InstantiationException
     * @throws IllegalAccessException
     * @throws NoSuchMethodException
     * @throws SecurityException
     * @throws IllegalArgumentException
     * @throws InvocationTargetException
     */
    public static <T> Object invoke(Object clazzInstance, String method, Class<T>[] paramClasses, Object[] params) throws InstantiationException, IllegalAccessException, NoSuchMethodException, SecurityException, IllegalArgumentException, InvocationTargetException {
        Method _m = clazzInstance.getClass().getMethod(method, paramClasses);
        return _m.invoke(clazzInstance, params);
    }

//    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
//    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
//        // getFields(User.class);
//        User u = new User();
//        invoke(u, "setName", new Class[] { String.class }, new Object[] { "xx发大水法大水法x" });
//        System.out.println(getFieldValue(u, "name"));
//    }

Annotation定义类

@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Target({ElementType.FIELD,ElementType.TYPE})
public @interface Excel {    

    //列名
    String name() default "";

    //宽度
    int width() default 20;

    //忽略该字段
    boolean skip() default false;

    //日期格式化
    String dateFormat() default "yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss";

    //浮点数的精度
    int precision() default -1;

    //四舍五入
    boolean round() default true;

}

使用方法

以Excel导入做示例：

如下图所示的Excel数据

在写代码前，按照Annotation的定义对实体Bean进行添加相关标签，例如下图：

示例代码：

public class ElearnSysExcelService extends CustomService{

    /**
     * 导入Excel文件数据到数据库
     * @param file
     * @author zhanglongping
     * @date 2016-11-10 下午2:10:24
     */
    public static void importExcelToDB(File file){
        ExcelToBean e = new ExcelToBean();
        ExcelDataFormatter edf = new ExcelDataFormatter();
        Map<String,String> map = new HashMap<String,String>();
        map.put( "准备就绪","111");
        map.put( "开始","222");
        map.put( "工作","333");
        map.put( "结束","444");
        edf.set("state", map);

        try {
            List<ElearnSysUser> list =  e.readFromFile(edf, file, ElearnSysUser.class);
            for(ElearnSysUser esu:list){
                System.out.println(esu.getUserName()+"~~~"+esu.getState()+"~~~"+esu.getRealName());
            }
        } catch (Exception e1) {
            e1.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        ElearnSysExcelService e = new ElearnSysExcelService();
        File file = new File("f://test/excel_sys_user.xlsx");
        e.importExcelToDB(file);
    }
}

运行结果：

可以看到，Excel中的状态数据已被转换为111,444等数据

参考文献：http://www.xdemo.org