Nginx+PHP(php-fpm-0.6)构建高性能的WEB服务器

近日，80Sec 爆出Nginx具有严重的0day漏洞，详见《Nginx文件类型错误解析漏洞》。只要用户拥有上传图片权限的Nginx+PHP服务器，就有被入侵的可能。生产中的服务器使用的php-fpm-0.5都存在这个漏洞，而我使用的测试环境使用的php-fpm-0.6没有这个漏洞，所以整理了一下安装的过程，分享给大家，推荐大家使用php-fpm-0.6为php打补丁。

安装步骤：

系统要求：Linux 2.6+ 内核，本文中的Linux操作系统为REHL 5.5，另在centos 5.5上也安装成功

比前一个版本更新的内容

(1)使用php-fpm-0.6编译php-5.2-13(没有nginx文件类型错误解析漏洞)

(2)使用Tcmalloc优化Nginx和Mysql性能

(3)增加了eaccelerator-0.9.6和ZendOptimizer-3.3.9加速PHP

(4)使用tmpfs加速PHP缓存

(5)其他软件的更新和优化

一、获取相关开源程序：

所需软件：

eaccelerator-0.9.6.tar.bz2

gd-2.0.35.tar.gz

mysql-5.1.45.tar.gz

php-5.2.13.tar.bz2

php-fpm-0.6~5.2.11.tar.gz

autoconf-2.13.tar.gz

ZendOptimizer-3.3.9-linux-glibc23-i386.tar.gz

nginx-0.7.65.tar.gz

pcre-8.02.tar.gz

google-perftools-1.5.tar.gz

libevent-1.4.13-stable.tar.gz

libiconv-1.13.1.tar.gz

PDO_MYSQL-1.0.2.gz

===========================

安装之前要确保系统中安装了以下这些包。

我们可以用rpm -qa |grep 来查看系统是否装

bzip2-devel

zlib-devel

libjpeg-devel

libpng-devel

libtiff-devel

freetype-devel

openssl-devel

libxml2-devel

gettext-devel

这些包一般都安了，除了最后一个，我们可以在光盘里找到用rpm -ivh 来安装上.

二、安装MYSQL

# tar -zxvf mysql-5.1.45.tar.gz

# cd mysql-5.1.45

# groupadd mysql

# useradd -g mysql -s /sbin/nologin -M mysql

# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/www/mysql --enable-assembler --with-charset=gbk --with-extra-charsets=all --enable-thread-safe-client --with-mysqld-user=mysql --with-big-tables --without-debug --localstatedir=/var/data

# make && make install

# cp support-files/my-large.cnf /etc/my.cnf

# chown -R mysql.mysql /usr/local/www/mysql/

# /usr/local/www/mysql/bin/mysql_install_db --user=mysql

# chown -R root.root /usr/local/www/mysql/

# chown -R mysql.mysql /var/data

启动数据库服务

# /usr/local/www/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe --user=mysql &

加入自动启动服务队列：

# cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld

# chmod 755 /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld

# chkconfig --add mysqld

# chkconfig mysqld on

添加root密码

# /usr/local/www/mysql/bin/mysqladmin -u root password "123456"

配置库文件搜索路径

# echo "/usr/local/www/mysql/lib/mysql">>/etc/ld.so.conf

# ldconfig

# ldconfig -v

# echo "export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/www/mysql/bin">>/etc/profile

# source /etc/profile

三、安装GD2

# tar -jxvf gd-2.0.35.tar.bz2

# cd gd-2.0.35

# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/www/gd --with-png --with-freetype --with-jpeg --with-zlib --with-fontconfig

# make

#如果GD报错:configure.ac:64: warning: macro `AM_ICONV' not found in library

安装一下gettext gettext-devel这两个包

# make install

四、安装PHP

先安装一下autoconf2.13,一定是2.13版本的，要不php执行buildconf的时候会出错

# tar -zxvf autoconf-2.13.tar.gz

# cd autoconf-2.13

# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/www/autoconf

# make

# make install

# export PHP_AUTOCONF=/usr/local/www/autoconf/bin/autoconf

# export PHP_AUTOHEADER=/usr/local/www/autoconf/bin/autoheader

# tar zxvf libevent-1.4.13-stable.tar.gz

# cd libevent-1.4.13-stable/

# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/www/libevent

# make && make install

# tar zxvf libiconv-1.13.1.tar.gz

# cd libiconv-1.13.1/

# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/www/libiconv

# make && make install

# groupadd www

# useradd -g www -s /sbin/nologin -M www

# tar -jxvf php-5.2.13.tar.bz2

# tar -zxvf php-fpm-0.6~5.2.11.tar.gz

# php-fpm-0.6-5.2.11/generate-fpm-patch

# cd php-5.2.13/

# patch -p1 < ../fpm.patch

# rm -rf configure

# ./buildconf --force

# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/www/php --with-mysql=/usr/local/www/mysql/

--with-mysqli=/usr/local/www/mysql/bin/mysql_config

--with-config-file-path=/usr/local/www/php

--with-gd=/usr/local/www/gd --enable-gd-native-ttf --enable-gd-jis-conv

--with-jpeg-dir --with-png-dir --with-freetype-dir --with-zlib-dir --with-xpm-dir

--enable-xml --with-curl --with-curlwrappers --with-zlib --enable-exif

--with-zlib-dir --with-bz2 --with-libxml-dir

--enable-mbstring --enable-sockets --enable-zip --enable-ftp

--with-iconv-dir=/usr/local/www/libiconv --with-iconv

--disable-rpath --enable-bcmath --enable-shmop --enable-sysvsem

--enable-inline-optimization --enable-mbregex

--with-libevent=/usr/local/www/libevent/

--with-fpm --enable-fastcgi --enable-force-cgi-redirect

# make

# make install

# cp php.ini-dist /usr/local/www/php/php.ini

# vi /etc/php-fpm.conf

(1)<value name="listen_address">127.0.0.1:9000</value>

修改为<value name="listen_address">IP:9000</value> //本机就用默认的127.0.0.1

(2)下面这两行去掉注释并修改

<value name="sendmail_path">/usr/sbin/sendmail -t -i</value>

(3)<value name="user">nobody</value> //去注释

(4)<value name="group">nobody</value> //去注释

(5)<value name="allowed_clients">127.0.0.1</value> //允许连接的PC，本机就用127.0.0.1

(6)<value name="max_children">128</value>

(7)<value name="StartServers">20</value>

(8)<value name="MinSpareServers">5</value>

(9)<value name="MaxSpareServers">35</value>

(10)<value name="rlimit_files">51200</value>

(11)<value name="max_requests">102400</value>

启动php-fpm

# ulimit -SHn 51200

# /usr/local/www/php/bin/php-fpm start

添加到自启动

# echo "ulimit -SHn 51200">>/etc/rc.local

# echo "/usr/local/www/php/sbin/php-fpm start">>/etc/rc.local

通过命令查看服务器上一共开了多少的 php-cgi 进程

# ps -fe |grep "php" | grep -v "grep" | wc -l

使用如下命令查看已经有多少个php-cgi进程用来处理tcp请求

# netstat -anop | grep "php" | grep -v "grep" | wc -l

接近配置文件中设置的数值，表明worker进程数设置太少

五、安装nginx

1.Tcmalloc 优化Nginx性能

64位操作系统请先安装libunwind库，32位操作系统不要安装。libunwind库为基于64位CPU和操作系统的程序提供了基本的堆栈辗转开解功能，其中包括用于输出堆栈跟踪的API、用于以编程方式辗转开解堆栈的API以及支持C++异常处理机制的API。

# tar zxvf libunwind-0.99-alpha.tar.gz

# cd libunwind-0.99-alpha/

# CFLAGS=-fPIC ./configure

# make CFLAGS=-fPIC

# make CFLAGS=-fPIC install

2、安装google-perftools：

# tar zxvf google-perftools-0.97.tar.gz

# cd google-perftools-0.97/

# ./configure

# make && make install

# echo "/usr/local/lib" > /etc/ld.so.conf.d/usr_local_lib.conf

# /sbin/ldconfig

3.安装 pcre

# tar jxvf pcre-8.02.tar.bz2

# cd pcre-8.02

# ./configure

# make && make install

4、安装nginx

# tar zxvf nginx-0.7.62.tar.gz

# cd nginx-0.7.62

# ./configure --with-http_stub_status_module --with-google_perftools_module --prefix=/usr/local/www/nginx --prefix=/usr/local/www/nginx --user=www --group=www

# make && make install

修改nginx的配置文件

我这里是把原先的重命名然后新建了一个nginx.conf

user www;

worker_processes 8;

pid logs/nginx.pid;

google_perftools_profiles /var/tmp/tcmalloc;

worker_rlimit_nofile 51200;

events

{

use epoll;

worker_connections 51200;

}

http{

include mime.types;

default_type application/octet-stream;

server_names_hash_bucket_size 128;

client_header_buffer_size 32k;

large_client_header_buffers 4 32k;

client_max_body_size 8m;

sendfile on;

tcp_nopush on;

keepalive_timeout 60;

fastcgi_connect_timeout 180;

fastcgi_send_timeout 300;

fastcgi_read_timeout 300;

fastcgi_buffer_size 128k;

fastcgi_buffers 4 256k;

fastcgi_busy_buffers_size 256k;

fastcgi_temp_file_write_size 256k;

fastcgi_intercept_errors on;

#fastcgi_cache_path /usr/local/webserver/nginx/fastcgi_cache levels=1:2 keys_zone=TEST:10m inactive=5m;

#fastcgi_cache TEST;

#fastcgi_cache_valid 200 302 1h;

#fastcgi_cache_valid 301 1d;

#fastcgi_cache_valid any 1m;

#fastcgi_cache_min_uses 1;

#fastcgi_cache_use_stale error timeout invalid_header http_500;

open_file_cache max=204800 inactive=20s;

open_file_cache_min_uses 1;

open_file_cache_valid 30s;

tcp_nodelay on;

gzip on;

gzip_min_length 1k;

gzip_buffers 4 16k;

gzip_http_version 1.0;

gzip_comp_level 2;

gzip_proxied any;

gzip_types text/plain application/x-javascript text/css application/xml;

gzip_vary on;

include vhost/*.conf;

}

vhost/www.test.com.conf的内容

server

{

listen 80;

server_name localhost;

index index.html index.htm index.php;

root /var/www/bbs/;

location /nginx {

stub_status on;

auth_basic "NginxStatus";

access_log off;

}

location ~ .*\.(php|php5)?$ {

root html;

#fastcgi_pass unix:/tmp/php-cgi.sock;

fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;

fastcgi_index index.php;

fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME /var/www/bbs$fastcgi_script_name;

include fastcgi_params;

}

location ~* \.(jpg|jpeg|gif|png|swf|htm|html|js|)$ {

if (-f $request_filename) {

root /var/www/bbs/;

expires 30d;

break;

}

log_format access '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request"'

'$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer"'

'"$http_user_agent" $http_x_forwarded_for';

access_log logs/www.test.com_access.log access;

}

启动 nginx

# /usr/local/www/nginx/sbin/nginx

然后我们用IE测试一下 http://IP地址或域名就可以看到nginx的默认的页面证明nginx已经启动

关闭 nginx

# kill -QUIT `cat /usr/local/www/nginx/logs/nignx.pid`

重启 nginx

# kill -HUP `cat /usr/local/www/nginx/logs/nignx.pid`

然后在目录中建一个文件用来测试php情况

在htdocs目录下建一个测试页

# vi index.php

<?php

phpinfo();

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